2020年领军高考英语必考点全梳理专题01 名词(精讲深剖)(原卷版)

专题01 名词

I.单句语法填空

1.（2019?全国卷I）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing.

2.（2019?全国卷III)When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.

3.（2019?浙江卷)Other American studies showed no ______(connect) between uniforms and school performance.

4.（2018·6月浙江高考）Making Chinese ( dish)is seen as especially troublesome.

5．（2017?全国卷I）This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease has had some unintended side ( effect) such as overweight and heart disease -the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

6．（2016?全国卷I）The nursery team switches him every few (day ) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.

II．单句改错

1.（2019?全国卷I）To everyone's surprising, the ball went into the net.

2.（2019?全国卷II）Since I was a kid, I've considered different job I would like to do.

3.（2019?全国卷III)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.

4.（2018?全国卷I）Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.

5.（2018?全国卷Ⅲ）At that moment, I remembered at m' father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”

6.（2016?全国卷）The teenage year from13to19 were the most difficult time for me.

高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1．考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。

2．考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。

3．考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如：shelter n．庇护，避难所→vt.保护，躲避，避难；storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞，猛攻；shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部→vt.肩负，承担；trail n．小径，痕迹→vt.追踪。

【谨记规则】

可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。

一、可数名词复数的构成及读音规则如下：

【考题印证】 单句语法填空

1.(2018全国卷I ） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all (cause). 2．（2017?全国卷Ⅱ）In1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 单句改错

1.（2018·全国卷II ） After supper ， we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.

2.（2017?全国卷I ） The instructor kept repeating the word,“peed up ！”“ Slow down ！”“ Turn left ！” 二、抽象名词具体化

抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次……

的事情；一个……的人；一种……的东西”。如：

【考题印证】

（2016. 全国卷）But for tourists like me ，pandas are its top ____(attract)． 三、不可数名词

【考题印证】

单句改错

1.(2019.开封模拟)Why not come and join us if you want know more informations about our future space schools?

2.(2016.全国卷II)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.

语法填空解题“三定向”

一.根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式

（1）不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式;

(2)有these,those,several,all,many,both,a pair of,a variety of,different,a few等修饰可数名词时名词用复数形；（3）名词前有one of，among时用名词复数形式。

【思路点拨】

1. The team who won the three world (championship)would always get this cup.

2. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of (scissor).

3.During the festival ,which lasts threes or four days,people are dressed in their best clothes and participated a variety of rich and colorful (activity).

4. Although they are seen as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries have different cultural (belief) about dogs.

5.Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational (complaint) about the unbearable advertisements.

6. Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top ( university) in the world.

7.I decided to label one of my small( purse) which I actually had with me that day, with her name, along with some some cash inside and an encouraging note.

二.根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式

名词作主语时，如果一般在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要虑用名词的复数形式。

【思路点拨】

1. While here are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us, the (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.

2. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

三.根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式

表示两个（武两个以上）的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需数形式

【思路点拨】

1.Tim and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on (passer- by).

2.It thinks that Chinglish may hurt people's ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with (foreigner).

3. Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful ( poem).

三招巧解短文改错解题

一.分清名词单复数

看到several，a few，many，one of, a number of，large number of，a great many等和具体数字（two，three）等时，要想到其后的名词应用复数形式。

【思路点拨】

l. The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.

1.It is not easy for our parent to bring us up.

2.I failed to respond to their question.

3.The teachers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.

4.Due to some rich tourist attraction, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they cannot only appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also enjoy the delicious food.

二．明了不可数名词

看到information，evidence，advice，baggage，news，homework，work，fun，progress，knowledge, furniture, luggage, strength等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式

【思路点拨】

1.He has much knowledges and his teaching method is scientific.

2.Looking at the spot where he thought the "fly"was again,he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strengths.

3.A lot of informations can be stored in it.

4.She' s getting married next month and decides to buy some decorations and furnitures.

三．注意词性错误

看到冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或及物动词（短语），要想到后跟名词形式。

【思路点拨】

1.I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.

2.Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.

3.I restarted to pick up my confident again.

单句语法填空

1.（山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2019届高三4月模拟训练英语试题）A collection of short ______ (essay), Writing in the Margins of Life, was published in 1941.

2.（哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019年高三第二次联合模拟考试）Throughout the buffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic _____ (perform).

3.（吉林省名校2019届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试）The colour comes from the wooden _________ (container) in which the whisky is stored for several years

3.（2019年东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟试卷（一））Even the second class _____ (chair) provide plenty of space.

4.（吉林省辽源市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟考试）Co-sponsored by AESA, America East Shandong Chamber of Commerce and Confucius Education Foundation Inc, the festival ______ (feature) recitation of the“Di Zi Gui.

5.（辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试）The robots’ sensors can detect ______ (object) and quickly get out of the way.

6.（山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题）People rushed to get free ______ (ticket)online，for the rare night-time opening，

7.（山东省泰安市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）Like the nearby Huangjuewan Overpass，in Chongqing, this incredibly complex infrastructure project has been labelled a nightmare for ____ (motorist) trying to find their way around.

8.（山东省济南市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut ___65___ (character)，such as princesses and angels，

9.（2019年大连市高三第一次模拟考试）Even the second class ______ (chair) provide plenty of space.

10.（广东省2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷（一））“Alcohol is something that everyone thought harmful for_______( decade), but no one has scientifically demonst rated it,”a professor wrote in a press release.

11.（湖南省岳阳市2019届高三第二次模拟考试）No problem, this smartwatch can get through without so many as nicks (刻痕) or _____ (scratch).

12.（山东省日照市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts，it’s no wonder it is one of China’s most popular scenic ______(spot).

12.(咸阳市2019年高考模拟检测（二））Every year around Valentine’s Day, men begin to worry about what _____ (present) to buy …

单句改错

1.（哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019年高三第一次联合模拟考试）Cloning humans can bring negative effects and wrong informations.

2. （哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019年高三第二次联合模拟考试）I am sure that your involvement will not only help us win the award and also strengthen the friendship between our school.

3.（山东省安丘市、诸城市、五莲县、兰山区2019届高三4月模拟训练英语试题）As far as I know, Peter is always in poor health, so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up.

4.（吉林省名校2019届高三下学期第一次联合模拟考试）We each spent several classes make a paper mask and wore it when reading our own work before the class.

5.（2019年东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟试卷（一））It is advisable to participate in different kind of activities。

6. （吉林省辽源市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟考试）I was lost in happinesses because I did a little for a stranger and I gained a lot.

7.（辽宁省葫芦岛市2019届高三下学期第一次模拟考试）In the museum, we saw the latest progresses in science and technology.

8.（山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题）With a little of bit of patience and communication，many of these problem can be solved.

9.（山东省泰安市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）I am writing to offer my sincere congratulation.

10.（山东省济南市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school，we have decided to have a party for you.

11.（2019年大连市高三第一次模拟考试）It is advisable to participate in different kind of activities , …

12.（广东省2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷（一））I saw a mother bird stay in her nest in a big tree, watching some of her baby flying away.

13.（湖南省湘潭市2019届高三下学期第二次模拟考试）Three of our cousin piled in with us and we took our first ride with Li Ming.

14.(湖南省岳阳市2019届高三第二次模拟考试）Unexpectedly, he saw his friend coming towards him, so he hurriedly hid the ice creams behind him.

15.（山东省日照市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）That evening，a group of local actor came to give a performance in the village hall.

16.(咸阳市2019年高考模拟检测（二））Seeing some pigeon flying the white wings in the sky and others feeding

themselves on the bank, I merrily rowed the boat,

17.（烟台市2019届高三第一次模拟考试）During the first two weeks，I learnt a lot about the story behind the artworks.

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)

高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands

高考英语专题一名词

考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes

2.不规则变化

注意:1.fish的“数” ?

2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?

4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。

It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格

高考英语名词知识点专项训练及解析答案(2)

高考英语名词知识点专项训练及解析答案(2) 一、选择题 1．The painful experience left her emotionally drained, but she is not the sort of ________woman to be defeated by a of fate. A．damage B．collapse C．twist D．share 2．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children. A．ambition B．obedience C．education 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages. A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault 5．Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars. A．signal B．sign C．mark D．sigh 6．Since 1949, the people’s living standard ____, causing a big ____ in population. A．has been raised; rise B．has been risen; raise C．has raised; rise D．has raised; rose 7．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 8．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 9．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother. —Me too, and there is no obvious________between them. A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 10．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 11．The practice of hanging flags is a common _______ in many parts of the country on National Day. A．sight B．scenery C．sign D．signal 12．Determination is the most important of all the ____________ because without determination, you will end up doing nothing. A．tactics B．virtues C．emotions 13．They lived in a backward part of the country, with no electricity, paved roads or easy ______ to safe drinking water. A．lack B．guarantee C．remedy D．access 14．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book? —Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday. A．limit B．time C．number D．length 15．To everyone's surprise, the three-year-old boy recited Three-Character Canon without making a single .

高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词

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