阅读理解专项讲解
阅读理解专项讲解
第一讲事实细节类
文章是通过事实细节来说明其主题的。细节理解题就是为了考察同学们速读全文，了解大意，掌握文章基本事实的能力和速度。
获取“事实细节”的技巧：
先读题目，再带着问题看文章
紧扣文章，不能脱离原文根据常识想当然的答题。
注意文章与选项中使用不同的词句，表示相同的意思。如：
The old woman shared the news with her husband(原文)
=The old woman told her husband the news(选项)
注意：文章的段落结构不同，获取“事实细节”的技巧方法也相应不同。大致可分：
1.寻找具体事实
2.归纳事实
3.综合分析事实
例题
1. At the same time after the age of ten, often at eleven or twelve, boys’and girls’bodies start changing. This time of change is called puberty…
According to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _________
A. 8 or 9
B. 11 or 12
C. 15 or 16
D. 17 or 18
2. Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher. This is a way of learning. Is this the only way for students to learn something? Of course not.
Listening to the teacher is ________ for students to learn something.
A. not a way
B. the best way
C. the only way
D. not the only way
3. To find the right career, Millan encourages kids to do what they enjoy. “A lot of people don’t realize I’ve been working with dogs for more than 20 years—long before my TV show or book. Success followed me because I was following my dream of being the best dog trainer in the world. What does Millan advise children to do when it comes to choosing a job?
A. Do what interests them.
B. To become a dog trainer.
C. Never give up and they will succeed.
D. Training is very important.
第二讲推理判断类
根据字面意思、事实细节的逻辑关系来推敲作者未明言之意。要求同学们不仅要弄懂文章的意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在含义。
用于考查结合所读材料进行推理判断的题干：
1根据已知内容，推出未知内容。
According to the report, we can infer that _________.
The writer of this article is probably a ___________.
This passage might be taken from ___________.
2..推断可能产生的结局
When the writer says “others pick it up”at the end, he means_____.
Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
3. 推断没有明说出来的意思
The writer says he was glad he did that because _________.
4. 对人物的总体评价
What kind of man would you say the old man was?
From the passage we can learn that ___________
5. 对文章中个别短语，语句含义理解的考查。
“Every coin has two sides”in the last paragraph means_________
Which of the following does not go with the proverb “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.”?
6. 根据文章内容，推测作者的态度和意图
What is the writer trying to tell us with this story?
The writer may agree that _________
According to the writer, which of the following is correct?
进行“推理判断”的技巧
?通读全文，了解文章内容大意，主题思想和段落结构。
?以文章提供的事实细节和主题思想为依据推断文章的深层含义、作者情感态度和可能会发生的事情等未言明之意。
?要注意立足于自用已知来推理未知，不能凭空想象，随意猜测，也不能就事论事，以偏概全。
1. …She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942, she taught me English, history —and a lot more than I realized.
…“you’ll play football because you have guts (勇气). But do you know what really takes guts? Refusing to lower your standards to those of the crowd. It takes guts to say you’ve got to live and be somebody fifty years after all the football games are over.”
. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Carl’s friends came from poor families.
B. Carl hated to read Beowulf in public.
C. Miss Bessie wanted Carl to be a better man.
D. Miss Bessie didn’t’t want Carl to play football.
2. My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m so glad I did.
The author says “I’m so glad I did.”Because _____.
A. he knew where he could see whales
B. he liked fishing in the sea very much
C. he experienced how the whales were saved
D. he spent the weekend with his family
3. For many centuries, Latin was the common language between educated people in Europe. But just as the use of Latin slowly disappeared, English may also not remain the world language forever. Many language learners are already expressing an interest in learning Chinese, Spanish and Arabic. (page78, Book6)
English may not always be the world language, because __________.
A. many people speak other languages
B. Latin is going to be the common language again
C. people want to learn other languages
D. it is too difficult to learn
第三讲主旨大意类
?主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度比较大的题型。此类试题主要是对文章的主题大意进行概括或者是选择标题。
?一般说明文和议论文都有主题句表明主旨大意，而有些文章比如记叙文则往往没有主题句。这就需要同学们根据文章各段落要点、各段之间的内在联系和作者意图进行归纳、概括。
有关主旨大意的题干
Main Idea(主旨大意)
1.This passage is talking mostly about…
2.The passage is mainly about
3.From the passage we can see that …
4.The main idea of this passage is …
5.What does the passage mainly discuss?
Title (标题)
1.Choose the best title for the passage.
2.Which title best gives the idea of that passage?
捕捉“主旨大意”技巧
?通读全文，弄清文章大意和段落结构，找出主题段和主题句。
?一般议论文和说明文都有主题段和主题句，且一般在文章首段，也有在中间或尾段的。
?有些文章如记叙文，往往没有主题句。文章的主题思想隐含在所讲的事件中。这就需要根据文章所讲的事件或各个段落大意总结归纳中心思想即主旨。
1. Every community usually has a park for people to use. A park is an area set aside for recreation, or fun activities. There is a playground for children. It has swings, slides, or monkey bars to play on. Many parks have football fields, baseball diamonds, soccer fields, and track for running. You can find picnic tables to sit on while you eat your lunch or dinner. Many parks have trees and a pond or lake to enjoy. A park is where people of the community can relax and have fun when they are not at school or work.
?What is the main idea of this story? __________________
?Parks are places where people relax.
?You can eat your lunch in a park.
?People don’t like to work.
?Many parks have trees.
2. Thomas Alva Edison spent the first part of his life in Port Huron, Michigan. When he was in sixth grade his teacher said he was addled , not very smart, and so he quit school. Tom began to work selling newspapers and candy on a local railroad. He liked to experiment and spent all of his money on books and chemicals for his laboratory . When he was about eighteen he invented the automatic telegraph, a machine that sends messages. He began to invent other things and opened a business in New Jersey. Soon he had many people working on his ideas. In 1879 Edison invented the first light bulb, a safer way to light homes and businesses. He later invented the phonograph, batteries, and the movie projector. By the time he died in 1931, Thomas Edison had over 1,000 inventions!
?What is the main idea of this story? ____________
A.Thomas Edison quit school in the sixth grade.
B.Edison invented the light bulb.
C.Thomas Edison was a great inventor.
D.Thomas Edison was not a smart student.
3. The main reason why most people never get moving is because they have no real idea about what they want. Without a certain result already set in your mind, it is really difficult to get going, and even if you do, your motivation may soon disappear and you give up before too long.
In Paragraph Two, the writer wants to _________
A.tell us what people need to get success.
B.Show us what people set in their mind
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/663431587.html,rm us why people should practice
D.Explain why people stop going ahead
4. A healthy diet should contain all the nutrients（营养成分）such as vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. Fats and carbohydrates are usually not included as part of the diet in today’s “must–be–thin”lifestyle. However, they are the energy–giving components（成分）.
Many factors lead to unhealthy eating habits. Starting in childhood, overweight children are laughed at. You may also have heard your parents talking about losing weight. Some young mothers talk about losing weight to maintain their youthful appearance. In many parts of the world, according to the great amount of advertising and the huge diet industry, beauty and success cannot be got without thinness. Thin models and actors are always in front of us, reminding us how life could be if only we were thinner! Although many children may not develop an eating disorder, the effects of such things will be seen in some other ways.
Fats and carbohydrates are usually not included as part of the diet in today’s “must–be–thin”lifestyle.
Many factors lead to unhealthy eating habits.
Genetic（遗传的）factors also play a part in the development of an eating disorder.
Genetic（遗传的）factors also play a part in the development of an eating disorder. A family history of eating disorders not only makes your body weak but also causes emotional, psychological and medical problems. Therefore, one should consider exercise to lose weight and should not get down to eating disorders which may do great harm to the body.
The passage mainly talks about __________.
A. what nutrients a healthy diet should contain
B. what harm an eating disorder does to health
C. the cause leading to harmful eating habits
D. the parts that advertising plays in people’s eating disorder
第四讲猜测词义类
在阅读时，常会遇到一些生词，影响同学们阅读。其实大部分生词的意思都可能通过上下文的逻辑关系猜测出来。
. 1. 标点法
破折号、逗号、括号、冒号、分号、引号等常表示后者对前者的
定义或释意，可借此猜测词义
The woman will live forever; she’s immortal.
2. 定义法
根据下文给出的解释说明（定义、同位语、定语）猜测词义
“Rush” means running quickly.
I am very interested in mutton, the meat form a sheep
3．释义法
作者为了更好的表达思想，常在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语及词汇加以解释。表示释义的用语有:that is, for example, or, similarly, in other words等
The picture shows that the lines are parallel, that is to say, they are the same distance apart like railway line.
She can play erhu or Chinese Violin.
4．指代法
用代词替代前面的名词或句子，用do替代前面的动词，使文章简明。
A mother loves her child more than her child does her.
The boy told me his story and that of his sister’s.
5. 反义法
通过反义词汇，如：but, while, rather…than…, instead of, unlike, not, however, 表示连结的词汇或句子之间的反义关系。
She is illiterate, but her husband can read and write.
Unlike his sister, who loves cats, John hates them.
6. 构词法
通过前缀、后缀等词汇知识来猜测词义。
The weather is changeable. Now it shining brightly, now it is raining hard.
Please sharpen the knife.
7. 因果法
通过上下文的因果关系来推测词义。
She put out the fire by pouring water on it.
I did well and our teacher praised me.
例题
1. … I looked up again at the audience, realizing that these were real people. They were not just my mum and dad, who would say, “Good job!”even if I messed up the entire piece.
The underlined phrase “mess up”in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. put into disorder
B. forget about
C. stop halfway
D. do well in
2. On that Fourth of July morning in 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense she could hardly see her support(援助) boats.
The word “dense”in the article means ____.
A. cold
B. heavy
C. amazing
D. beautiful
3. Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. .
What does the underlined word “obesity” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Allowances.
B. Sadness.
C. Nutrition.
D. Overweight.
阅读理解训练题
阅读理解训练题（十四） A Friend is better than fortune. Friend is worse than poison in some cases. The two sentences above are opposite and seem to be unreasonable but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us to wrong ways. My ideal(理想的) friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below-he has no bad likings, such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality(节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares feelings of his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characters better than mine. I can follow him as a model. With his help I am free from all difficulties, Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word "failure". 56. This passage tells us __ A. how to make friends with others B. how the writer' s friend helps him C. what kind of person the writer's friend is D what kind of person we should make friends with 57. An ideal friend means A. a true friend B. a false friend C. an imaginary friend D. an excellent friend 58. From the passage we can learn that A. the writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other B. the writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend C. the writer's ideal friend has a lot to learn from him D. the writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend 59. From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that A. nothing cannot be done with friend B. only the first sentence is reasonable C. he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend D. good friends should always help each other B Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another. It doesn't matter where you live--in the middle of a modern city, or a faraway village--the chances are that you' 11 be disturbed by jet planes, transistor radios, oil - powered engines, etc. We seem to be getting used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they' re working. Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be a very frightening experience for a human being. However, some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their eardrums(耳鼓). The noise level in some discos is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas. One recent report about noise and concentration(专心) suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration, what really influences their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise. It goes on to say that a background noise which doesn't change too much(music, for example) may even help people to concentrate. 60. According to this passage, the noise pollution __ A. has become the worst in the countryside B. has become better in big cities
【部编语文】阅读理解练习题(含答案)经典
【部编语文】阅读理解练习题(含答案)经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解练习 1．阅读下文，回答问题 拔萝卜 一天，小兔子来拔萝卜，它拔啊拔，就剩下一个大大的萝卜没有拔完，它就去拔那根大 萝卜。可是它怎么拔也拔不上来，它急得转圈跑。小狗看见了，对它说：“我来帮你拔萝卜吧。”它们俩一起拔呀拔，还是拔不上来，这时候小熊来了，它们俩一起说：“小熊的力气大，你来帮我们拔萝卜吧。”小熊说：“好吧。”它们又一起拔啊拔，还是拔不出来，，最后 小象来了，对它们说：“我来帮你们拔萝卜吧”。于是，小象就用长鼻子把一些萝卜叶子卷 上，使劲拔。终于把大萝卜拔上来了。小兔高兴地说：“小狗，小熊，小象，谢谢你们帮我 拔萝卜，我们晚上一起吃蜜汁大萝卜吧！” 到了晚上，小狗，小象，还有小熊都来了，小象先把大萝卜用鼻子卷到了桌子上，小狗 负责把皮刮掉，小兔把大萝卜切开，小熊往上边抹了很多很多的蜜汁。这下，大萝卜成了 又香又脆的蜜汁大萝卜。它们每人都咬一口，呀！这个蜜汁大萝卜实在是太甜了！ （1）这篇短文共________个自然段。 （2）小兔子在拔萝卜，最后一个大萝卜拔不动，________、________、________来帮小兔子拔萝卜。 （3）这个故事告诉我们什么道理？________ A. 团结的力量大。 B. 小象的力气最大了。 C. 蜜汁大萝卜真好吃。 【答案】（1）2 （2）小狗 ；熊 ；小象 （3）A 【解析】 2．读短文，完成练习。 两只小鸟 雨，哗哗哗地下着，树叶、树干全被淋湿了。飞禽走兽都在寻找避雨的地方。 有两只聪明的小鸟，飞到草地上，躲进蘑菇伞下。蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。 一只小鸟说：“我的左边淋雨了，你往右边靠一靠！” 另一只小鸟说：“我的右边淋湿了，你往左边靠一靠！” 你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……两只小鸟红着脸蛋儿，你看看我，我看看你，不知说什么好！ 雨，仍在哗哗哗地下着…… （1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。 （2）在文中找出下列词语的近义词或反义词。 ①近义词：争——________
中考语文阅读技法讲解：理解记叙文中重点句子的含义
中考语文阅读技法讲解：理解记叙文中重点 句子的含义 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
如何理解记叙文中重点句子的含义 【技巧指导】 记叙文阅读重点考查我们对阅读材料的综合理解能力，综合考查我们在阅读过程中的感受、体验、理解和价值取向，重视对探究性阅读和创造性阅读能力的考查。具体说来，要求如下： 1.能理清思路，理解作品主要内容，体味和推敲重要词句在语言环境中的意义和作用； 2.对文本内容能提出自己的看法和疑问； 3.阅读作品，能有自己的情感体验，初步领悟作品的内涵，从中获得对自然、社会、人生的有益启示。对作品的思想倾向，能联系文化背景作出自己的评价；对作品中感人的情景和形象，能说出自己的体验；品味作品中富于表现力的语言。 因此，阅读记叙文，理解作品中重点语句的含义是关键所在。 技巧一：浏览全篇，把握主旨 浏览全篇，把握主旨，是理解记叙文中重点句子含义的前提。现代文阅读要“提高基本的阅读能力”，“理解、读懂”文章，整体把握文章的内容，是记叙文阅读最基本也是最重要的要求，当然也是理解文句含义的方法。如例文《一朵玫瑰花》中对“天堂，原来可以如此接近”一句含义的理解，《爱的力学》中对“在爱里边，只有爱，没有力学”一句含义的理解，只需我们在阅读时，整体感知文本内容，把握其主旨，就不难理解它们的深层含义了。 技巧二：咬文嚼字，以点带面 在熟读精思的基础上，根据特定的语言环境来确定文句中关键字词的含义和作用，体会作者遣词造句的精妙，然后再借助关键字词的含义进而分析整个句子的深层含义，“以点带面”，往往能收事半功倍之效。如例文《爱的力学》中“随着一声惊叫，那团蓝云已重重地砸在他伸出的胳膊上，他感到自己像被一个巨锤突然狠狠砸中，腿像树枝一样‘咔嚓’一声折断了，眼前一黑就什么都不知道了”，要理解这个句子的深层含义，就要把握住句中的一个关键词“砸”，理解它的含义和作用—表现了从高楼下落的物体由于距离和速度所产生的极大作用力，我们就不难理解这一细节描写的深层含义了：在爱里边，只有爱，没有力学；爱是灵魂里惟一的一种力。这位父亲多么伟大，他深知去接女儿，可能将自己置于死地，但在那一刹那，他没有犹豫，非常果断，他将女儿的生命看得比自己的更重要，他宁可牺牲自己，也不愿让女儿受到一点伤害。 技巧三：把握修辞，揭示寓意 有的句子因使用了修辞手法，意义就显得比较隐蔽一些，我们可从比喻、象征、拟人、反复等修辞意义中去理解句子的“句外之意”“言外之音”。如例文《一朵玫瑰花》中写道：“因……因为妹妹能从床边的窗户看到这道玫瑰花墙，她每天都出神地看着这里。有一天，她说：‘那里就是天堂吧，真想去那里闻闻天堂的气味啊！’”“就是那朵快要凋谢的玫瑰花，似乎轻轻一碰，花瓣就会落了的玫瑰花？”在这里，“一朵玫瑰花”喻指生活中我们极容易忽视的
二年级【部编语文】阅读理解训练题经典
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