英文写作小贴士

英文写作小贴士 | 人名的使用规范

2015-10-12 11:17 中央编译局翻译服务部阅读 598

Names of Persons

人名的使用规范

A．First and subsequent uses of names

In general, the first time you use a person's name in the text of your research paper, state it fully and accurately, exactly as it appears in your source.

Examples：

Arthur George Rust, Jr.

Victoria M. Sackville-West

Do not change Arthur George Rust, Jr., to Arthur George Rust, for example, or drop the hyphen in Victoria M.Sackville-West.In subsequent references to the person, you may give the last name only (Rust,Sackville-West)—unless, of course, you refer to two or more persons with the same last name—or you may give the most common form of the name (e.g.,Garcilaso for Garcilaso de la Vega). In casual references to the very famous—say, Mozart, Shakespeare, or Michelangelo—it is not necessary to give the full name initially.

In some languages (e.g., Chinese, Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese), surnames precede given names.

人名的初次及后续使用

通常来说，在学术论文中第一次出现的人名，需要使用完整、准确的全称，需要与使用的参考来源保持一致。

Arthur George Rust, Jr.

Victoria M. Sackville-West

以上列人名为例，切勿将Arthur George Rust, Jr.写成Arthur George Rust，也不能省略Victoria M. Sackville-West中的连字符号。后续中再次出现的人名（无两个或多个姓氏相同人名出现在同一文章情况下），可用姓氏代替全名(如Rust, Sackville-West)；此外还可使用一些常用的人名表达形式(如Garcilaso de la Vega 简写成Garcilaso)。如果论文涉及的人物非常有名，如

莫扎特、莎士比亚或者米开朗基罗，那么初次使用时无需写全称。

在汉语、匈牙利语、日语、韩语和越南语等语言中，姓氏需写在名前。B．Titles of Persons

In general, do not use formal titles (Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms., Professor,Reverend) in referring to men or women, living or dead (Churchill, not Mr.Churchill; Einstein, not Professor Einstein; Hess, not Dame Myra; Montagu, not Lady Montagu). A few women in history are traditionally known by their titles as married women (e.g. Mme de Sta?l). Treat other women's names the same as men's. Examples

First Use

Emily Dickinson

Herriet Beecher Stowe

Margaret Mead

Subsequent Use

Dickinson (not Miss Dickinson) Stowe (not Mrs. Stowe) Mead (not Ms. Mead)

The appropriate way to refer to persons with titles of nobility can vary.For example, the full name and title of Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, should be given at first mention, and thereafter Surrey alone may be used. In contrast, for Benjamin Disraeli, first earl of Beaconsfield11, it is sufficient to give Benjamin Disraeliinitially and Disraeli subsequently. Follow the example of your sources inciting titles of nobility.

头衔的表达

通常来说，所涉及的人名无论男女，无论健在还是去世，都不使用先生、夫人、小姐、女士、教授、牧师等社交头衔(比如：表述为Churchill, 而不是Churchill 先生; Einstein, 而不是Einstein教授; Hess,而不是Myra女士; Montagu, 而不是Montagu夫人)。

例子：

首次使用

Emily Dickinson

Herriet Beecher Stowe

Margaret Mead

后续使用

Dickinson (不是Dickinson 小姐)

Stowe (不是Stowe夫人)

Mead (不是Mead女士)

恰当地表达带有贵族头衔人名的方式有很多。举例来说，Henry Howard, earl of Surrey（亨利·霍华德萨里伯爵），第一次表达时要写全姓名和头衔，在后续表达中可以单独使用Surrey来代替。与之相反，在表达Benjamin Disraeli, first earl of Beaconsfield（本杰明·迪斯雷利，第一代比肯斯菲尔德伯爵）时，第一次表达时只写成Benjamin Disraeli，后续表达时仅用Disraeli即可。带有贵族头衔的人名具体如何表达，要与所使用的参考来源保持一致。

C．Names of Authors and Fictional Characters

It is common and acceptable to use simplified names of famous authors(Vergil for Publius Vergilius Maro; Dante for Dante Alighieri). Also acceptable arepseudonyms of authors.

Examples:

Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin)

George Sand (Amandine-Aurore-Lucie Dupin)

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)

Refer to fictional characters in the same way that the work of fiction does. You need not always use their full names, and you may retain titles (Dr. Jekyll, Mme Defarge).

作者及小说虚构人物的名字

对于非常有名的作者来说，常见也被认可的做法是使用其简称。(比如Vergil 指代Publius Vergilius Maro; Dante 指代Dante Alighieri)。同样也可以使用

作家的假名（笔名）。

比如：（括号内为原名）

Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin)

George Sand (Amandine-Aurore-Lucie Dupin)

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)

至于小说虚构人物的名字表达可以借鉴小说原文中的表述方式。既无需一直使用他们的全称，也可以保留他们的头衔。(比如：Jekyll博士, Defarge夫人).

附人物介绍：

① Arthur George Rust, Jr. 亚瑟·乔治·拉斯特二世，美国著名的体育评论员。他也是运动史学家和作家。他被很多人认为是美国体育播报电台的“教父”。

② Victoria M. Sackville-West 薇塔·萨克维尔·韦斯特，英国作家、诗人、园艺家，1927年和1933年连续获得两届霍桑登奖。她因为多彩的贵族生活、与小说家弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的情事、以及和丈夫哈罗德·尼科尔森（Harold Nicolson）修建的西辛赫斯特城堡而闻名。代表作有《爱德华时代》（The Edwardians 1930）和《耗尽的激情》（All Passion Spent 1931）。

③Garcilaso de la Vega加尔西拉索·德·拉·维加，西班牙“新体诗”的第一位伟大诗人。他与同时代诗人胡安·博斯坎·阿莫加维尔齐名，他们的诗作都突破了传

统，融合卡斯蒂利亚文体和意大利文体，开辟了西班牙诗歌的新道路。他的抒情诗大多以爱情为主题，表达作者的所感所思；描写自然景色，擅长譬喻，并巧用典故，模仿意大利诗歌时却保持着西班牙诗歌的优良传统，创造了西班牙的感怀诗。对后来西班牙抒情诗的发展影响很大。

④Dame Myra Hess蜜拉·海丝，著名钢琴家。海丝从1922年开始在美国演

出，受到当地乐迷特别的喜爱；二次大战期间，海丝在伦敦国家美术馆举办的午餐音乐会也让人留下深刻的印象。由于对英国大众的服务与贡献，英国皇室策封她为爵士。

⑤Lady Montagu玛丽·沃特利·蒙塔古夫人，英国作家、杂文家、女权论者。1714年其丈夫出任驻奥斯曼帝国大使，蒙塔古夫人随夫同住伊斯坦布尔。在

土耳其看见种痘预防天花效果显著，作为小时被天花毁容的她因此将预防天花的接种方法带回英国，天花疫苗因她的影响而在未来几十年传遍欧洲大陆，挽救了

无数的生命。其重要作品《小镇牧歌》(1747)生动有趣地反映了当时的风俗。

⑥Mme de Sta?l斯塔尔夫人，法国评论家和小说家，法国浪漫主义文学前驱。

主要作品有《论卢梭的性格与作品》；小说《黛尔菲娜》和《柯丽娜》；论著《论文学与社会制度的关系》。

⑦Emily Dickinson艾米莉·狄金森，美国传奇诗人。出生于律师家庭。青少年

时代生活单调而平静受正规宗教教育。从二十五岁开始弃绝社交女尼似的闭门不

出，在孤独中埋头写诗三十年，留下诗稿一千七百余首；生前只是发表过七首，其余的都是她死后才出版。

⑧Herriet Beecher Stowe哈丽叶特·比切·斯通，美国作家，著名小说《汤姆

叔叔的小屋》的作者。斯通夫人是废奴作家中最杰出的一位。

⑨ Margaret Mead玛格丽特·米德，20世纪最著名的人类学家之一。1978

年逝世后随即获授总统自由勋章。在学术上，她尤其在关于青春期、性和社会化的问题上的研究而著名

⑩ Henry Howard, earl of Surrey亨利·霍华德萨里伯爵，英国诗人，与托马斯·怀特一起，共同将意大利人文主义诗歌的风格和韵律引进英国，为英国诗歌的一个伟大的时期奠定了基础。

?Benjamin Disraeli, first earl of Beaconsfield本杰明·迪斯雷利，第一代比

肯斯菲尔德伯爵英国保守党领袖、三届内阁财政大臣，两度出任英国首相。在把托利党改造为保守党的过程中起了重大作用。在首相任期内，是英国殖民帝国主义的积极鼓吹者和卫道士，他任首相期间，大力推行对外侵略和殖民扩张政策。他的名字是同英国殖民帝国紧密联系在一起的。他还是一个小说家，社会、政治名声使他在历任英国首相中占有特殊地位。

?Publius Vergilius Maro普布留斯·维吉留斯·马罗，（常据英文Vergil或Virgil 译为维吉尔），是奥古斯都时代的古罗马诗人。其作品有《牧歌集》（Eclogues）、《农事诗》（Georgics）、史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》（Aeneid）三部杰作。其中的

《埃涅阿斯纪》长达十二册，是代表着罗马帝国文学最高成就的巨著。因此，他也被罗马人奉为国民诗人、被当代及后世广泛认为是古罗马最伟大的诗人，乃至世界文学史上最伟大的文学家之一。

?George Sand乔治·桑，法国著名小说家，是巴尔扎克时代最具风情、最另类的小说家。她凭借发表的第一部长篇小说《安蒂亚娜》（1832）而一举成名。乔治·桑是一位多产作家，她一生写了244部作品，100卷以上的文艺作品、20卷的回忆录《我的一生》以及大量书简和政论文章。雨果曾称颂她“在我们这个时代具有独一无二的地位。其他伟人都是男子，惟独她是伟大的女性”。

?George Eliot乔治·艾略特，英国作家，19世纪英语文学最有影响力的小说家之一。与萨克雷、狄更斯、勃朗特姐妹齐名。代表作有《亚当·比德》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》、《米德尔马契》等

?Dr. Jekyll科幻小说《化身博士》中的主要人物之一。书中讲述杰基尔博士喝

了一种试验用的药剂，在晚上化身成邪恶的海德先生四处作恶，他终日徘徊在善恶之间，其内心属灵的内疚和犯罪的快感不断冲突，令他饱受折磨。因书中人物

杰奇和海德善恶截然不同的性格让人印象深刻，后来“Jekyll and Hyde”一词成为心理学“双重人格”的代称。

?Mme Defarge 德法奇夫人，《双城记》中的人物之一。

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