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时态2

时态2
时态2

考点五过去进行时

1.概念、句式结构以及常用的时间状语

(1)概念:表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。

(2)句式结构:主语+was(were)+现在分词

当主语为第一、三人称单数时,用was,其余用were。

(3)常用的时间状语有:at nine o'clock last night(昨天晚上九点), at that time(那时), at that moment(当时), this time yesterday(昨天的这个时候)以及when, while引导的时间状语从句等。

2.过去进行时的用法小结

(1)过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示一个完成了的动作。

I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.

昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水。

I watered my flowers yesterday. 昨天我浇花了。

考点六现在完成时

1.概念以及句式结构

(1)概念:现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响,还表示动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能延续下去。

(2)句式结构:主语+have(has)+过去分词

2.现在完成时的用法和对应的时间状语

(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,常与already(已经), just(刚才), yet(然而), ever(曾经), never(从不), so far(到现在为止), up till now(到现在为止), recently(最近), lately(最近), before(以前), in the past(last)...years(在过去的……年里)等连用,此时要求句中的谓语动词为短暂性动词。

She has already finished the work.

她已经完成了这项工作。

I haven't met him before.我以前没有见过他。

(2)表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常与“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或时间段”连用,此时要求句中的动词为持续性动词。

I have worked in the school for about ten years.

我在这所学校工作约10年了。

He has studied English since 10 years ago.

=He has studied English for 10 years.

他学英语已经10年了。

(3)短暂性动词的现在完成时在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,但在否定句中可以和一段时间连用,因为否定句表示的是状态。

I haven't seen him for a long time.

我好久没有看见他了。

She hasn't received his letter for three years.

她已经三年没有收到过他的信了。

3.have gone to, have been to, have been in/at的区别

(1)“have gone to+地点”含义为:某人去了某地,现在没有回来,可能在去的途中,或已经到了目的地。

He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。

(He is on the way to Shanghai./He is in Shanghai now.)

He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连。(He isn't here.)

(2)“have been to+地点”含义为:某人去过某地,此时人已回到说话处。常与twice(两次), several times(几次), ever(曾经)或never(从未)等词组或副词搭配。

The old American man has been to China three times.

这位美国老人到过中国三次。

Where have you been? 你去过哪儿?

(3)“have(has)been at(in)+地点”含义为:在某地待了多久,后面须用表示一段时间的状语。

He has been in the village for ten years.

他在村子里住了10年了。

How long have you been in Paris?

你在巴黎住了多久了?

注意 如果have(has)been后接的是地点副词here, there时,不用介词at或in。

We have been here for about two hours.

我们在这里大约两个小时了。

4.短暂性动词的概念和特点

短暂性动词只能表示极短暂的动作,不表示持续时间的长短,又称瞬间动词或终止性动词。此类动词不能和表示时间段的for短语或since短语(从句)连用,也不能出现在由how long引导的疑问句中,但可以和already, never, just, ever, before等连用。

(×)He has arrived in China for two hours.

他已经到达中国两小时了。

(√)He has already arrived in China.

他已经到达中国了。

5.如何使短暂性动词与时间段连用

(1)改变时间状语和时态。用“一段时间+ago”短语替换“for+时间段”,并把现在完成时改为一般过去时。

他们离开这里已经三年了。

(×)They have left here for three years.

(√)They left here three years ago.

(2)使用以下两种句型:

①It's+时间段+since+从句。

②时间段+has+passed+since+从句。

他起床一个小时了。

(×)He got up for one hour.

(√)It's one hour since he got up.

(√)One hour has passed since he got up.

6.短暂性动词的转换问题

(1)将短暂性动词转换为“be+形容词/副词(短语)”,这样就可以和时间段连用。

这家商店开门6个小时了。

(×)The shop has opened for 6 hours.

(√)The shop has been open for 6 hours.

(2)有的短暂性动词或词组可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词或词组。

那本书我借了一个月了。

(×)I have borrowed that book for one month.

(√)I have kept that book for one month.

请牢记下表:

考点八过去完成时

1.概念、句式结构以及常见的时间状语

(1)概念:表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时之前已经发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。

---|-------|--------|―→

过去的过去过去现在

(2)句式结构:主语+had+过去分词+其他

(3)常用的时间状语有:by the end of last term(到上学期期末为止), by then(到那时为止), when(当……时候), before(在……以前), by the time(到……时), after(在……以后)以及until(直到……)等。

2.过去完成时的用法小结

(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作。它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。

By the time we arrived, the meeting had already begun.

在我们到达时,会议已经开始了。

By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words.

到上学期期末为止,我们已经学了2 000个生词了。

考点九过去将来时

1.概念以及句式结构

(1)概念:表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

(2)相对于一般将来时而言,句式结构有以下几种:

①would/should+动词原形

②was/were going to+动词原形

③was/were doing(进行时表将来)

He wanted to know __________ the English party.

A.when will we have

B.when we will have

C.when would we have

D.when we would have

答案:D

动词的语态

1.动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态:主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。

2.被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词,或“动词+介词”构成的及物动词短语。

3.被动语态的用法

在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况中:

(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。

This watch is made in China.

这块手表是在中国制造的。

(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。

More trees must be planted every year.

每年都应该种更多的树。

(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。

Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.

世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)

(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。

Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。

注意 只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise, come, go, take place, happen 等没有被动语态。

4.主动语态变被动语态的步骤

主动语态变被动语态的步骤有以下四步:

(1)把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语。

(2)找出主动语态中的谓语动词,先变为“be +过去分词”。

(3)改变be 的时态和结构,使之与被动语态的主语相适应。

(4)原主动语态中的主语,放在by 之后,还可以根据情况适当保留或省略。

5.各种时态被动语态的结构

中考中经常考查的几种被动语态如下:

(1)一般现在时的被动语态

结构:主语+am/are/is +过去分词+其他

例句:She often waters the flowers.

→The flowers are often watered by her.

(2)一般过去时的被动语态

结构:主语+was/were +过去分词+其他

例句:We visited a farm yesterday.

→A farm was visited yesterday by us.

以图示说明:

. 步骤说明:

(1)找出主动语态中的宾语some cakes 。 (2)先把made 变为“be +made ”。

(3)再把be 改成过去式,且主语是some cakes ,故应该改为were 。 (4)将原主动句中的主语即my mother ,放在by 之后, by my mother 还可以省略。

(3)一般将来时的被动语态

结构:①主语+am/are/is+going to be+过去分词+其他

②主语+will/shall+be+过去分词+其他

例句:She will plant some trees this week.

→Some trees will be planted this week by her.

Our class is going to hold a party this evening.

→A party is going to be held this evening by our class.

(4)现在进行时的被动语态

结构:主语+am/are/is+being+过去分词+其他例句:He is reading a novel.

→A novel is being read by him.

(5)现在完成时的被动语态

结构:主语+have (has) been+过去分词+其他

例句:We have finished the work already.

→The work has already been finished by us.

(6)情态动词的被动语态

结构:主语+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词+其他

例句:He can speak English.

→English can be spoken by him.

We should plant more trees on the mountains.

→More trees should be planted on the mountains.

You must finish your homework in time.

→Your homework must be finished in time.

7.省略to的动词不定式的被动语态

在主动语态的句子中,一些表示感官或使役意义的动词,如hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have和help等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时,主动语态中要用不带to的动词不定式,但当这样的主动语态变为被动语态时,必须把省略的动词不定式符号to补出来。

We often hear her sing in the room.

→She is often heard to sing in the room(by us).

The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.

→They were made to work for 16 hours a day(by the boss).

8.主动结构表被动意义

(1)open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。

This kind of shirt sells well here.

这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。

(2)look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。

Moon cakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来味道很好。

初中考英语八大时态总结

巧用英语时态表,掌握英语谓语形式 一、英语时态名称的记忆 二、英语时态形式的记忆:(以动词work为例) 可以分两个步骤记忆: 1、一般现在时: work(当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。) 现在进行时: be + working (be随主语人称和数的变化而变化。) 现在完成时: have + worked (have随主语人称和数的变化而变化,worked 是work的过去分词。) 这三种基本时态形式位于时态表的中心位置,是必须首先记住的。其它形式可推导而出。

2、记住了上面三种时态的形式后,可以设想把时间提前至过去,这三种时态的形式就相应地左移一格成为一般过去时:worked (worked是work的过去式);过去进行时was / were + working;过去完成时had + worked (worked是work 的过去分词)。 把时间错后至将来,这三种时态的形式也就相应地右移一格成为 一般将来时: shall / will + work; 将来进行时: shall / will + be working; 将来完成时: shall / will + have worked。(shall仅用于主语是第一人称时,will可用于主语是任何人称时。)当然,根据shall / will 的用法要求,紧随其后的动词或助动词要用原形形式。 简而言之,把这三种现在时态形式左移变成三种过去时态形式,只需把第一个动词变成过去式即可(一般现在时谓语只有一个动词,也可把它看成为第一个动词)。与此类似,过去将来时的变化是在一般将来时的基础上把第一个动词变成过去式。把这三种现在时态形式右移变成三种将来时态形式,只需在前面加一助动词shall / will (紧随其后的动词或助动词用原形形式)即可。 三、英语被动语态形式的记忆(以动词ask为例)

(完整word版)英语时态练习题及答案

英语五大时态练习题(一般现在、一般过去、过去将来、现在进行、现在完成) 1. You ________about the future now, ________you? A. don't think, don't B. aren't thinking, aren't C. don't think, do D. aren't t hinking, are 2.Charlie____here next month .A.isn’t working B.doesn’t working C.isn’t going to working D.won’t work 3.—Did the thieves _____ into the car? —No, they______. A. fell, didn’t B. fall(落下), did C. jump(跳), didn’t D. jump, did 4. ____ she _____ this dictionary in the bookshop nearby last week? A. Did, buy B. Does, buy C. Did, bought D. Does, buys 5. How ________ ____ Mr. Brown ___________ to America? A. do,go B. is,go C. does,go D. does,goes 6. -When did May come back from Hong Kong? -She _D_ from Hong K ong last Friday. A. come back B. comes back C. returned back D. came back 7.There____a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be 8. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -____ __you______ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished

新概念二时态测试题(含答案)

一、一般现在时: 1. The Browns ______ a nice car and Brown's brother _______ a nice jeep. A. have / have B. has / has C. have / has D. has / have 2. If their house ______ not like ours, what _______ it look like? A. is / is B. is / does C. does / does D. does / is 3. - ______ you think he will come? - If it _______ tomorrow, he will not come. A. Do / rains B. Are / rains C. Do / will rain D. Are / will rain 4. The little child ______ not even know that the moon _______ around the earth. A. do / move B. do / moves C. does / moves D. did / moved 5. Many a student _ A. are / goes 【练习答案】 二、现在进行时: ______ fond of films, but a good student seldom _______ to the cinema B. is / goes C. are / go D. is / go 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B is / am / are + 现在分词 1. How can you ______ If you are not ______ ? A. listening / hearing B. hear / listening C. be listening / heard D. be hearing / listening to 2. ___________________________________________ The girl even won't have her lunch before she ____________________________________ her homework. A. will finish B. is finishing C. had finished D. finishes 3. Those who have applied for the post( 职位 ) _______ in the office.( 此题超前 ) A. are being interviewed B. are interviewing C. interviewing 4. The old scientist _______ to do more for the country. A. is wishing B. has been wishing C. wishes 5. If he ______, don't wake him up. 练习答案】 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 三、一般过去时 1. Yesterday I _______ (think) that you were not in Beijing. 2. Alice usually ______ (sit) in the front of the classroom, but she ________ (sit) at the back this morning. 3. He ______ (tell) the news to us three days ago. 4. He ______ (begin) to teach Chinese in 1990. 5. she would not telephone me if she ______ (have) no time. 测试精编 II : 1. They ______ the trip until the rain stopped. A. continued B. didn't continue C. hadn't continued 2. The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food without which they ______ of hunger and cold.(without 在这里表条件,你知道吗 ?) A. would die B. will die C. would be dead D. would have died 3. It was not until then that I came to know that the earth _______ around the sun. D. to be interviewing D. has been wished A. still sleeps B. is still sleeping C. still has been sleeping D. will be sleeping still D. would continue

时态专项练习题一般

一般现在时专项练习题 (一)单选: 1. Where Lucy come from? A. do B. does C. is D. are 2. Most of the students China. A. comes from B. is from C. are from D. come of 3. We speak English . A. every days B. everyday C. very day D. every day 4. My math teacher a big pair of glasses. A. wears B. put on C. wear D. puts on 5. What your father and mother ? A. does, do B. do, do C. are, do D. do, does (二)用动词适当形式填空: 1. His radio is broken. It (sound)terrible. 2. Did somebody drop water on the rug? It (look)wet. 3. Every year my parents (give)me a present for my birthday. 4. The club (send)her a letter every month. 5. your dad (wash)his car once a week? Yes, he does. 6. Lin Tao is a good student. He (study)very hard. 7. They (work)at the bank. (三)句型转换: 1. My living room has three windows. (改为否定句) 2. Jim and Jack like swimming on Sundays.(就划线部分提问) 3. We are in the same class. (改为一般疑问句) 4. He comes from England.(就划线部分提问) 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I often (help)my mother with housework. 2. Uncle Wang (introduce)his daughter to us. 3. He (have)music class in Mondays. 4. How (do)he (get)there? 5. (do)you (agree)with me? 6. All of us (study)hard. 7. He always (forget)to close the window. 8. Grandma often (cook)dinner for our family. Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) members of the Reading Club. 3. She and I (take)a walk together every evening. 4. There (be) some water in the bottle. 5. We (not watch) TV on weekdays. 6. Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays. 7. they (like) the World Cup? 8. What they usually (do) on holidays? 9. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 10. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. Ⅱ.按照要求改写句子。

英语时态练习题及答案

10.I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the medicine. 11.”Where ________we________(meet)?” “Let’s meet outside the park gate.” 12.I_________(be) afraid Mr. Johnson __________(not visit) our school tomorrow. 13.I _________(lose) my bike ._________you _________(see) it anywhere? 14.________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai? 15.We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 16.I found that the students _________(play) football on the playground. 17.The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. 18.Where ________your watch _________(lose)? 19.________the doctor __________(send) for last night? 20.The child ___________(take) good care by the nurse. 21.Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse. 22.Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves. 23.What language ________(speak) in Australia? 24.The color TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25.He said he __________(stay) here for another two days. 26.The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once. 27.“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, the workers_______ already______(repair) it.” 28.We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29.“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I_________(ask) to help Tom at home” 30.The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night. 31.have, eaten 32.got/ had got 33.were having 34.would visit 35.will wait 36.are watching 37.have been 38.snows 39.had studied

新概念英语第一册语法总结[八种时态][句型和语法]

新概念英语第一册语法总结(上) [八种时态] 新概念一语法总结(上)一.时态: 一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,现在完成时, 一般将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时 1.一般现在时 表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。 含有be动词的句子 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首 Is he a teacher Is the girl very beautiful Are Tim and Jack students ★变否定句在be动词后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. ★肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. 不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子

第三人称单数及单数名词 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. ★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型 Does he like books Does she like him Does the dog like bones ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型 He doesn’t like books. She doesn’t like him. The dog doesn’t like bones. ★肯定回答及否定回答: Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. 注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其他人称及复数名词 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. ★变疑问句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath Do we have any meat

(完整版)初中英语动词时态专项练习(带答案)

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