综合教程二

1- We’ve been hit

“We’ve Been Hit!” With the building in flames, one man needed help. Another man refused to leave him. 1 Adam Mayblum used to enjoy watching as storms lashed the windows of his office: You think that’s power? Mayblum would scoff. I’m on the 87th floor of the World Trade Center. That’s power. The drawstrings on his window shades would appear to sway slightly, but it was an illusion. Although they were 1,040 feet in the sky, The WTC was quite steady. 2 When Mayblum felt a devastating rumble on that September morning, he glanced at the drawstrings. They were careening wildly, three feet in either direction. 3 Mayblum would be one of thousands cast into an extraordinary purgatory that morning1. While as many as 25,000 would find their way to safety, 5,000 would not. 4 For some, it was a matter of geography2 — not just which tower they worked in or on which floor, but in which corner of the building. 5 For some, the choices were as basic as which staircase to use. Others faced the ultimate moral dilemma: Save yourself, or save another. 6 The confusion inside Adam Mayblum’s office at May Davis, a financial services firm, lasted just seconds. He knew he needed to get out. 7 He ripped his T-shirt into pieces, soaked the pieces in water and gave them to colleagues to cover their faces. Among them: Harry Ramos, head trader at May Davis. Mayblum had worked with Ramos off and on for 14 years.3 8 Sparks bit at Mayblum’s ankles as he raced for the stairs. He bolted down two flights before realizing that his trading partner, Hong Zhu, had been left behind. He went back upstairs, the whole area now filled with smoke and burning jet fuel. 9 There was no sign of Hong. Mayblum hurried down again and made it to the 78th floor, a transfer lobby where one set of elevators and stairs ended and another began. He saw a reassuring sight; Ramos had waded into the pandemonium to help panicked workers into a stairwell. 10 Mayblum continued his descent, the muscles in his calves contracting in spasms. On the 53rd floor, he came across a heavyset man whose legs just wouldn’t move anymore.4 11 “Do you want to come, or do you want us to send help?” Mayblum shouted. 12 The man asked him to send help. Adam said he would. 13 In the noise, smoke and sparks, Mayblum didn’t realize that his friend Hong Zhu was behind him in the stairwell the whole time. When Hong got to the 53rd floor, he came across Harry Ramos. Ramos had stooped to help the heavyset man Mayblum had s een earlier. “I’ll give you a hand,” Hong said. 14 Together, Ramos and Hong helped the man down one more flight to an elevator. 15 “Don’t take it,” a Port Authority official screamed. 16 Hong and Ramos tried to send a magazine down in the elev ator to test its safety. But when they pressed the “down” button, the doors wouldn’t close. So Hong decided that he would be the guinea pig instead.5 17 He stepped inside, and the doors shut behind him. 18 Hong took the elevator down to the 44th floor, the next transfer lobby. So far, so good. He pressed “52,” went back up and collected Ramos and the heavyset man.

19 On 44 Hong and Ramos helped the man toward the last bank of elevators that would take them all the way down. 20 Hong pr essed the “down” button again. Nothing. They would have to take the stairs. 21 Ramos and Hong tried to support the man. “One step at a time,” Hong said. 22 They had been trying to get out for

an hour and five minutes. They were on 36 when they felt the South Tower

23 “We really have to move,” Hong said. 24 The rumbles of the

tower next door seemed to sap the heavyset man of his last gasps of energy. “I

do it anymore,” he said, sitting down. 25 Hong and R amos tried to persuade to continue. “You don’t have to move your legs!” Hong shouted. “Just move your butt. Let’s go!” But the man couldn’t go on. 26 A fireman ran up to them. expected that he would join in to get the heavy man to move. Instead, the fireman turned to Hong. 27 “Who are you, screaming at him to get out?” the fireman shouted. “You get out!” 28 Hong looked at Ramos, who was still standing with the heavyset man. 29 “I’m coming down with you,” Ramos told the man. “I’m going to leave.” 30 “I left,” Hong says sorrowfully. “Alone.” 31 The day, Adam Mayblum sent an e-mail describing his experience to friends and

who sent it to still others. The e-mail was read by someone in San Francisco who knew a woman in New York named Rebecca. Her husband, Victor, a heavyset man, was missing. 32 On Saturday, September 15, May Davis’s chairman had a gathering at his New Jersey home. Adam Mayblum was there. So was Hong Zhu. Rebecca was also there, learning how her husband, Victor, had been comforted in his last moments, how Harry Ramos had refused to leave him behind. 33

wife, Micky, was there too. She kept asking Mayblum and Hong where her husband was, convinced that somehow, Harry — the only May Davis employee still

— was alive. 34 Piece by piece, she developed a picture of his escape:

was on 87 when the plane hit. He stopped to help on 78. He met up with Hong on But as hard as she tried, as many questions as she asked, the picture began to fade on the 36th floor.

Adam Mayblum 过去很享受看着暴风雨抽打他办公室窗户的场景：你认为这就是权力吗？Mayblum 可能会讥笑。我在世界贸易中心的87楼。这就是权力。百叶窗上的拉绳看起来像在轻轻地摇晃，但它只是一种假象。虽然它是在距离地面1,040 英尺的高空中，但是世贸中

心还是相当稳固的。

在9 月的那个早上，当Mayblum感觉到毁灭性的隆隆声时，他瞥了一眼拉绳。他们被疯狂坠入 3 英尺的任一方向。

那天早上，有数千人将被卷入一场惊心动魄的灾难，Mayblum也是其中的一员。尽管多达25,000人找到了他们安全逃生的方式，但另外的5,000 人却没有逃脱得了这场灾难。对于有些人来说，生死攸关的是此时此刻他们所在的地理位置---不仅是哪幢楼，哪一层，更重要的是在大楼的哪个角落。

对于有些人来说，选择使用哪一个楼梯是最基本的。

其他人所面对的则是终极的道德困境：拯救自己，还是拯救他人。

在名为戴维斯的金融服务公司里，Adam Mayblum 办公室内的混乱持续了几秒钟。他知道他需要逃离那里。

他把T恤撕成碎片，浸泡在水中，并分发给同事，用来捂住他们的脸。其中：有一个是戴维斯的首席交易员---哈里·拉莫斯。Mayblum 曾与拉莫斯断断续续一起工作了14 年之久。

当他在楼梯上急速奔跑时，火花溅在了他的脚踝上。当他冲下一段楼梯之后，他才意识到他的贸易伙伴，朱红还落在后面。他又跑上楼，此时这个地方充满了烟和燃烧的喷气燃料。

看不到朱红的影子。Mayblum又冲下楼梯，成功到达了78 楼，这里恰好是有一部电梯和一个楼梯的中转大厅。他看到了一个令人放心的景象，拉莫斯已经淌进混乱的场面中，协助恐慌的工人转到安全的楼梯间。

Mayblum继续往下跑，他小腿的肌肉因抽筋而收缩。在53层。他碰见了一个身材粗壮的男人，他的腿无法移动了。

“你想自己过来，还是你想要我们来帮助你？” Mayblum大声喊道。

这个男的说自己需要帮助，Adam Mayblum 答应了。

在噪声、烟气和火花中，Mayblum 没有意识到他的朋友朱红一直紧跟在他后面的那个楼梯间里。当朱红到53楼的时候，他碰见了哈里·拉莫斯。此时拉莫斯停下来去帮助之前Mayblum碰见的那个身材粗壮的男人。“让我帮你吧。”朱红说到。

随后，拉莫斯和朱红一起帮助这个男人下了台阶去到了有电梯的地方。

“不要乘电梯，”一个港务局官员尖叫到。

朱红和拉莫斯尝试着将一份杂志用电梯送下去以测试它的安全性。但是当他们按了“向下”的按钮时，电梯门却无法关闭。所以朱红决定亲身试验。

他走进电梯，电梯门随后关上了。

朱红乘着电梯到了44楼---另一个中转大厅。到目前为止，一切皆好。他按下了“52”，回到了上面，准备带着他们一起乘电梯下去。

在44楼，朱红和拉莫斯一起帮助那个男人到了那个会带他们一起下去的电梯口。

朱红再次按下了“向下”的按钮。没有反应。他们不得不走楼梯了。

拉莫斯和朱红尽力地去帮助那个男人。“一步一个台阶”朱红说到。

他们已经逃生了一个小时5分钟了。当他们感觉到南塔倒塌的时候，他们还在36楼。

“我们不得不离开这里，”朱红说。

隔壁倒塌的塔发出的隆隆声似乎耗尽了这个体形粗壮男人的最后一口气。“我动不了了”他边说边坐了下去。

朱红和拉莫斯尝试着去说服他继续逃生。“你不用去移动你的脚”朱红大喊道。“你只需要移动你的屁股跟我们走就好了。”但是那个男人不能继续。

一个消防员跑向了他们。朱红期待着他会加入，来帮助他们一起移动这个粗壮的男人。相反的，消防员却跑向了朱红。

“你是谁，叫他快点出去？”消防员大叫道，“你应该快点出去。”

朱红看着拉莫斯，他仍然和那个身材粗壮的男人站在一起。

“我和你一起下去，”拉莫斯告诉这个男人，“我不会一个人离开的。”

“我离开，”朱红伤感的说道，“一个人。”

第二天，Adam Mayblum发送了一封电子邮件向朋友和亲戚描述他的经历，让他们安心。电子邮件是由在旧金山认识的一个名叫丽贝卡的纽约女人读取的。她的丈夫，Victor，那个身材粗壮的男人，已经遇难了。

在9月15号星期六那天，May Davis’s 的主席在他新泽西岛的家里举行了一场集会。Adam Mayblum，朱红和丽贝卡也在那里。丽贝卡在那时知道了他的丈夫，Victor，在他的最后时刻是怎样被安抚的，哈里·拉莫斯又是怎样拒绝丢下他一个人的。

拉莫斯的妻子，米奇，当时也在那儿。她一直追问Mayblum和朱红她的丈夫在哪里，想使自己确信，哈里这个唯一失踪的May Davis 的员工，还在以某种方式活着。

渐渐地，她在脑海中形成了一副他逃生的画面：当飞机撞击大楼的时候，哈里在87楼。到了78楼，他停下来去帮助那个男人，到了53楼的时候，他碰见了朱红。但是无论她多辛苦地尝试，无论她问多少问题，对36层以下的记忆都模糊了。

2- The virtues of growing older

The Virtues of Growing Older （长大变老有好处）Our society worships youth. Advertisements convince us to buy Grecian Formula and Oil of Olay so we can hide the gray in our hair. Middle-aged folks work out in gyms and jog down the street, trying to delay the effects of age.

我们所处的社会崇尚年轻。连篇累牍的广告劝我们买希腊配方的洗发水和玉兰油，这样的话，白发无处可寻。而中年人则在体育馆里锻炼，在马路上慢跑，尽量不让岁月过早地留下痕迹。

Wouldn't any person over thirty gladly sign with the devil just to be young again? Isn't aging an experience to be dreaded? Perhaps it is un-American to say so, but I believe the answer is "No." Being young is often pleasant, but being older has distinct advantages.

不是所有三十出头的人都会为了重获青春而心甘情愿地与魔鬼订立合约吗？长大变老难道不可怕吗？说它不可怕可能不是美国人的回答，但我却认为长大变老不可怕。青春年少令人愉悦，但长大变老也有明显的好处。

When young, you are apt to be obsessed with your appearance. When my brother Dave and I were teens, we worked feverishly to perfect the bodies we had. Dave lifted weights, took megadoses of vitamins, and drank a half-dozen milk shakes a day in order to turn his wiry adolescent frame into some muscular ideal. And as a teenager, I dieted constantly. No matter what I weighed, though, I was never satisfied with the way I looked. My legs were too heavy, my shoulders too broad, my waist too big. When Dave and I were young, we begged and pleaded for the "right" clothes. If our parents didn't get them for us, we felt our world would fall apart. How could we go to school wearing loose-fitting blazers when everyone else would be wearing smartly tailored leather jackets? We could be considered freaks. I often wonder how my parents, and parents in general, manage to tolerate their children during the adolescent years. Now, however, Dave and I are beyond such adolescent agonies. My rounded figure seems fine, and don't deny myself a slice of

pecan pie if I feel in the mood. Dave still works out, but he has actually become fond of his tall, lanky frame. The two of us enjoy wearing fashionable clothes, but we are no longer slaves to style. And women, I'm embarrassed to admit, even more than men, have always seemed to be at the mercy of fashion. Now my clothes ---- and my brother's ---- are attractive yet easy to wear. We no longer feel anxious about what others will think. As long as we feel good about how we look, we are happy.

年轻时，你可能为你的外形伤脑筋。我兄弟戴维和我十来岁时拼命锻炼以健美体形。戴维练举重，大量服用维生素，一天喝上半打奶昔，目的是想让他瘦长的体形变得想象中那般肌肉发达。我在十来岁时坚持节食。但不管我体重是多少，都对自己的外形不满意。我嫌自己腿太结实，肩膀太宽，腰围太大。那时候，戴维和我都缠着父母，央求他们买“合适”的衣服。如果父母没给买的话，我们就觉得自己的世界要崩塌了一样。我们怎么好穿着松松垮垮的运动衣去上学，别人可是穿着款式时髦的皮夹克啊！人家会把我们当怪人来看的。我

常常纳闷：我的父母和大多数的父母怎能如此纵容他们的小孩子。但现在戴维和我都已度过了痛苦的青少年时期。如今我圆鼓鼓的身躯看上去也不坏，只要我喜欢，我也不会不让自己吃上一块核桃馅饼。戴维还在坚持运动，只不过他真的喜欢上了自己瘦长的体形。我们两人还是喜欢穿时髦衣服，只是我们不再是流行时尚的奴隶。这一点我不得不承认，女人似乎要比男人更容易为流行时尚所左右。现在我的衣服，还有戴维的衣服都漂亮大方，我们不再为别人怎么想而感觉不安了。只要我们对自己的形象感觉不坏，就很开心。

Being older is preferable to being younger in another way. Obviously, I still have important choices to make about my life, but I have already made many of the critical decisions that confront those just starting out. I chose the man I wanted to marry. I decided to have children. I elected to return to college to complete my education. But when you are young, major decisions await you at every turn. "What college should I attend? What career should I pursue? Should I have children?" There are just a few of the issues facing young people. It's no wonder that, despite their carefree facade, they are often confused, uncertain, and troubled by all the unknowns in their future.

从另一个方面来看，年老比年轻要好。很明显，我还要就我的生活作一些重要的决定，但我已经作了许多很重要的决定，而年轻人生活刚刚起步，他们还面临着选择。我选择了我丈夫，我选择了生育孩子，我选择了回到大学完成我的教育。但当你还年轻时，你的每一次转折都等待你作出决定。“我该上哪所大学？我该做什么工作？我是否该要孩子？”这几个问题还只是年轻人面临的

问题当中的一部分。这就难怪为什么年轻人外表无忧无虑，而事实上迷茫困惑，缺乏信心，为将来的种种未知因素而忧心忡忡。

But the greatest benefit of being forty is knowing who I am. The most unsettling aspect of youth is the uncertainty you feel about your values, goals, and dreams. Being young means wondering what is worth working for. Being young means feeling happy with yourself one day and wishing you were never born the next. It means trying on new selves by taking up with different crowds. It means resenting your parents and their way of life one minute and then feeling you will never be as good or as accomplished as they are. By way of contrast, forty is sanity. I

have a surer self-identity now. I don't laugh at jokes I don't think are funny. I can make a speech in front of a town meeting or complain in a store because I am no longer terrified

that people will laugh at me; I am no longer anxious that everyone must like me.

I no longer blame my parents for my every personality quirk or keep a running score of everything they did wrong raising me. Life has taught me that I, not they, am responsible for who I am. We are all human beings—neither saints nor devils.

但人到四十的最大好处便是知道我自己究竟是谁。年轻时最令人不安的就是不清楚自己的价值、目标和梦想。年轻就意味着你不知道什么值得做。年轻意味着你在今天非常开心而明天就宁愿自己没来过这个世界。年轻意味着用新的方式和不同的人交往。年轻还意味着你会在某一刻怨恨你的父母和他们的生活方式，紧接着又感到永远不会像他们那么好那么成功。相比之下，四十岁代表着理智。我现在更清楚自己是谁。对自己认为无趣的笑话，我不会勉强自己笑；我可以在全城的人面前演讲，也可以在商店里发牢骚，因为我不再担心人们会取笑我；我不会着急讨别人喜欢，我不会为自己古怪的脾性而抱怨父母，也不会列举不该生养我的种种原因。生活教会了我这一点：我是谁，这该我自己负责，而不是我父母。父母和我既非圣贤，也非妖魔，我们只是普普通通的人。

Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. But a human life contradicts this premise. There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older. My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they have ever been. They would not want to be my age. Did this surprise me? At first, yes. Then it gladdened me. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next ---- perhaps even better ---- phase of my life.

大多数美国人盲目相信新的一定就更好。但人生与这一假设相左。随着年龄的增长，我们发现生活大有乐趣。我的父母已年过六十，他们最近对我说他们现在比以往任何时候都幸福。他们不想回到我这个岁数。这出乎我的意料了吗？是的，一开始这确实令我吃惊。但随即却让我高兴。他们的满足昭示着我的未来人生充满希望，甚至可能更好。

3、my stroke of luck

My Stroke of Luck It happened on the way home from a meeting in Fillmore, 40 miles north of Los Angeles. My friend Noel Blanc, a helicopter pilot, offered to give me a ride back to the city. We were 50 feet in the air when we collided with a small plane flown by a flight instructor and his young student. Noel and I survived, but the men in the plane died instantly. I don’t remember being pulled from the wreckage or the ambulance trip to a nearby hospital. But I do remember my wife, Anne, staring down at me on my gurney. After hearing of the accident, Anne took a helicopter to reach me. She insister on moving me to our neighborhood hospital in L.A. , Cedars-Sinai medical center. Another helicopter ride. Just what I needed!

But Anne was right. In L.A. I could get the best care for my spinal injury and start seeing psychiatrists for my very real “survivor’s guilt”. Anne has such good judgment and intuition; she rarely makes a wrong decision. After all, she first saved

my life in 1958, when she refused to let me join film producer Mike Todd on his fatal flight. She saved me again after my stroke in 1995, when I become depressed and suicidal. Anne’s secret is that she learns from life, then moves on. Born in Hanover Germany, she fled to Belgium to escape fascism as a teenager. She then moved to Paris, surviving the occupation by putting her linguistic ability to work. Fluent in French, English, Italian and her native German, she supported

herself by placing German subtitle on French films. We met in 1953 when I was in Paris to star in Act of Love. I was looking for an assistant, and Anne Buydens showed up at my dressing room for an interview. She wore a blue suit with a white collar, and had very delicate wrists and ankles. Quite striking. I explained the position and she politely said. “I don’t think this job’s right for me.” I was miffed. Here I was an American movie star. I expected her to be eager for this job. She did accept the position, but only on a temporary basis. And she eventually agreed to go out with me, which had been my first thought anyhow. But that took some doing on my part too. After our first meeting, I called to invite her to supper at Tour d’ Argent, one of Paris’s best restaurants, with fantastic views of the Seine. “No,” she said, “I’m tired. I think I’ll just make myself some eggs and go to bed. ” My thought then was, to hell with her. But it was just that poignant style that made me fall in love. During the following months, while I was filming Ulysses in Italian, anne often met up with me. In 1954, when our next jobs threatened to keep us apart for months at a time, I realized I didn’t want to lose her and asked her to marry me. We slipped away to Las Vegas to tie the knot. Forty-seven years of marriage is quite a journey. Anne has kept me going through some of the hardest times, which hasn’t always been easy, given that I’m sometimes an actor wrapped up in his ego. After the crash, I couldn’t sit without extreme pain. When we went out, Anne would put me in the rear of

t he station wagon, where I could stretch out. At dinner with friends, she’d set a place for me as if it were the most natural thing in the world to eat lying on the couch. She consoled me during my survivor’s anguish, but what she wouldn’t tolerate — and he re’s the important thing —was me feeling sorry for myself. Then again, I’ve never seen her feel sorry for herself either. Thirty years ago Anne underwent diagnostic surgery after finding a lump in her breast. Her doctor reported the tumor was malignant, and it was spreading. He encouraged me to authorize him to remove Anne’s breast then and there. I did. After, I felt guilty having made that choice while she lay unconscious. Anne assured me that I’d done the right thing. She dealt with the cancer, from which she has fully recovered, by helping others — talking to groups about her experiences, and establishing Research for Women’s Cancers with six fellow survivors. Over the years they’ve raised $ 9 million to help finance a research facility at Cedars-Sinai. Anne recently read an article about the deplorable state of school playgrounds in L.A., and started a program to rebuild and beautify them. That’s my wife’s method, finding ways her life can help others. I’ve been the beneficiary of that practice many times. The afternoon I had my stroke, Anne was playing bridge with Barbara Sonata, and I was home getting a manicure. When

my speech started to slur, the manicurist, a former nurse, immediately phoned Anne. My wife was home within ten minutes and had me

at the hospital within an hour. Although she was my rescuer, Anne, who believes in tough love, wasn’t about to let me just lie around. During my recovery, she kicked me out of bed each morning to get me working with my speech therapist. She taught me exercises that helped her when she was learning to speak English, like putting a \ d \ before a \ j \ to say “just”. My therapist was impressed. One day, feeling proud of my progress, I said, “I think as a treat, tomorrow I’d like to have breakfast in bed”. Anne looked at me and said, “You’d like breakfast in bed? I think you’d better sleep in the kitchen!” The most difficult consequence of my stroke was the depression I suffered. While I was going through it, Anne endured my moods but didn’t allow me to complain. In the midst of writing my latest book, my stroke of luck, I had an epiphany, inspired by my wife. How to handle a stroke is how to handle life. The world is filled with people who have suffered one misfortune or another. What sets the survivors apart from the others is the willingness to move on, and to help others move on too. Anne has been doing that for as long as I’ve known her.

事情发生在离洛杉矶北部40英里的菲尔莫尔县开会回来的路上。我的朋友诺尔布兰斯，是一位直升机飞行员，他主动邀请我乘坐他的飞机返回市区。当我们在离地面50英尺的高空时，我们的飞机与一架由飞行教练和他的学生驾驶的小型飞机相撞。Noel和我活了下来，但是那架飞机上的人却当场死亡。我不记得自己是怎样从飞机残骸中被拖出来，也不记得救护车是怎样把我送到邻近的医院。但是我很清楚地记得我的妻子，安妮，一直守护在我病床旁。当听到我发生意外时，安妮就乘着直升飞机来找我。她一直坚持把我转移到附近的一家位于洛杉矶的西达赛纳医院。由另一架直升机运送。这恰恰是我所需要的！

然而安娜是对的。在洛杉矶医院，我可以得到对于脊椎受损最好的治疗，同时我也开始看精神科医师，因为我非常真实地感觉到“幸存者的罪行”。安娜有如此好的判断力和直觉，她很少会做出错误的决定。毕竟她在1958年第一次拯救了我的生命，当时她拒绝让我参与麦克托德这位电影制片人的致命飞行。1995年当我中风后处于沮丧和自暴自弃时，她再次把我从困境中拯救出来。

安妮的秘诀就是从生活中学习，并学以致用。她出生于德国的汉诺威市，青年时期，为了躲避法西斯主义逃到了比利时。接着，她又移居巴黎，靠她的语言才能去工作，从而站住了脚跟。她精通法语，英语，意大利语，和她的母语德语。她靠为法语影片配制德语字幕谋生。

1953年我在巴黎主演《爱的行动》，我们就是在那时相识的。当时我在寻找一名助手，安妮来接受面试。她穿了一件带白领的蓝色西装，手腕和脚踝纤柔细嫩，显得十分引人注目。我解释了这个职位，但她礼貌地说：“我想这个工作不适合我。”我很生气。在当时，我就是一个美国的电影明星了。我本以为她会巴不得找到这份工作呢。

不过她总算接受了这个职位，但只答应是暂时性的。她最终同意和我一起出去，无论如何总算满足了我的初衷。但那也让我颇费了一番周折。初次见面之后，我打电话邀请她去图尔?达尔金特吃晚饭，那是巴黎最好的餐馆之一，在那里可以欣赏到仙境般的塞纳河景色。“不，”她说，“我累了。我想自己做几个鸡蛋吃算了，然后上床睡觉。”我当时的想法是，让她见鬼去吧！

但正是这种一意孤行的性格，使我爱上了她。在此后的几个月里，我在意大利拍摄《尤里西斯》，安妮经常与我不期而遇。当我们下一步的工作眼看要迫使我们分离几个月时，我意识到我不想失去她，于是请求她嫁给我。我们悄悄跑到拉斯维加斯去私订终身。

50年的婚姻，堪称是一段漫长的旅程。安妮总是使我顺利度过一些最困

难的时期，在我有时以名演员自居，难免表现出自以为是的情况下，这让她做起来并非总是轻而易举。遭遇飞机失事之后，每当我坐起来时，都要忍受极大的痛苦。在我们外出时，安妮就把我放在小客车的后部，以便让我伸展四肢躺着。同朋友一起吃饭时，她会给我安排一个地方，躺在沙发上吃饭，仿佛这是世界上最自然的事情。在我经历死里逃生的极度痛苦期间，她能安慰我，但她不会容忍的――也是至关重要的一点――是我为自己感到悲哀。

此外，我也从没见她为自己感到过悲哀。30年前，安妮发现她乳房上有

个肿块，而后经历了外科手术。她的医生报告说，肿瘤是恶性的，而且正在扩散。他鼓励我，授权让他立马就地切除安妮的乳房。我照办了。

事后，我为自己在她失去知觉时做出那个选择而感觉内疚。安妮安慰我，说我做得对。安妮通过帮助别人来对付癌症――她对患病群体讲述自己的经历，还和6个劫后余生的病友建立“妇女癌症研究会”，现在她已完全康复了。多年

来她们已经筹集了900万元资金，为塞达斯-西奈的研究机构提供财政援助。

这就是我妻子的方法――从她的生活中寻找可以帮助别人的途径。我就多次成为这种做法的受益者。我患中风的那天下午，安妮在和巴巴拉?西纳特拉打桥牌，我在家里让人修剪指甲。为我服务的指甲修剪师，原先是个护士，当发现我说话开始含混不清时，她立刻就给安妮打了电话。10分钟内我妻子就赶回了家，一小时内就把我送进了医院。

虽然安妮是我的大救星，但她信仰严酷的爱，她不愿让我只是躺着。在我康复期间，每天早晨她都赶我起床，去配合我的语言治疗医生的工作。一天，由于为自己的进步感到骄傲，

我说：“我想作为一种奖赏，明天就让我在床上吃早饭吧。”

安妮看着我说：“你想在床上吃早饭？我看你干脆到厨房里去睡觉算了！”我患中风带来的一个最棘手的后果，就是我遭受的抑郁症。在我经历这种情况时，安妮可以忍受我的情绪，

但她不允许我怨天尤人。

当我写最后一本书，My stroke of luck，受我妻子的影响，我顿悟了。如何应付中风就是如何应付生活。这个世界充满了遭受这样或那样不幸的人，幸运者与其他人的区别，就在于勇于前进，并乐于帮助他人前进。从我认识安妮的时候起，她就一直是这样做

4、cultural encounters

We live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Cheap flights mean that millions of people are able to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet enables us to communicate with the remotest places and the traditional postal services are now referred to almost mockingly as "snail mail." When students go off back-packing, they can email their parents from Internet cafes in the Himalayas or from a desert oasis. And as for mobile phones—the clicking of text messaging at

any hour of the day or night has become familiar to us all. Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, neednever be out of touch.

我们生活在一个交流非常便捷的时代便宜的机票使得我们可以到那些我们的家长只能幻想的地方去，而网络使得我们可以跟最遥远地方的人们进行交流。在这种情况下，传统邮政现在被称为蜗牛邮件系统。当学生们在背包远足的时候，他们可以用E-MAIL从喜马拉雅的网吧或者从沙漠里的绿洲给他们的家长发邮件。不管是白天还是晚上，我们也能通过手机来发短信。所有可以付的起这种方式的人都可以随时随地的获取最新信息。

Significantly also, this great global communications revolution is also linkedto the expansion of English, which has now become the leading international language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.

同样重要的是，全球交流的革命跟英语的普及是不可分割的。英语现在变成领先的国际语言。不管与会者是否是把英语作为母语，全球不管哪个角落的会议和商业会谈都是使用的英语。英语已经变成一种促进交流的语言。同时，对很多人来说，学习英语是他们通往成功道路上的奠基石。

So why, you may wonder, would anyone have misgivings about all these wonderful developments, and why does the rise of English as a global language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us? For there are indeed problems with the communications revolution, problems that are not only economic. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.

所以你可能会好奇为什么有些人对于这些美好的发展有所顾忌，为什么英语作为一个国际通用语言会使得有些人对英语感到不适应？交流上的革命确实存在问题，并且这些问题并不仅仅是经济上的。最根本的东西是，语言和文化之间的不可分割的关系是一个社会的核心，而我们忽视了一些最关键的事情。

Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages give us the means to shape our views of the world and languages are different from one another. We express what we see and feel through language, and because languages are so clearly culture-related, often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in another. The English word "homesickness" translates into Italian as "nostalgia," but English has had to borrow that same word to describe a different state of mind, something that is not quite homesickness and involves a kind of longing. Homesickness and nostalgia put together are almost, but not quite, the Portuguese "saudade," an untranslatable word that describes a state of mind that is not despair, angst (English borrowed that from German), sadness or regret, but hovers somewhere in and around all those words.

不同的文化不仅仅是给不同组别的人贴上标签，语言是帮助我们理解世界的工具，每个语言之间都是有区别的。因为我们通过语言来表达我们的所见所想，而语言是跟文化密切相关的，所以有时候就可能产生我们能用一种语言表达出来的东西，是不能用另外一种语言来表达出来的。英语的“想家”翻译成意

大利语就变成了“怀乡病”，但是英语有时候必须要用同样的词来表示另外一种意思，这种意思不是单纯的想家，而是包含了一层渴望的意思在里面。尽管不是同一种意思，英语的想家和怀乡病放在一起的意思还有所接近的。但是葡萄牙语的“saudade”所表达的意思却是不能用其他语言来翻译的。这个词表达的

意思是不绝望，不愤怒，不悲伤或者后悔，它的意思是在以上这些意思之间。

The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-on. How do you translate the image of the Lamb of God for a culture in which sheep do not exist? What exactly was the fruit that Eve picked in the Garden of Eden? What was the creature that swallowed Jonah, given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas?Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.

早期的圣经翻译者就碰到了有些意思是不可翻译的这么个问题。比如你要如何把上帝的羔羊的形象翻译给一个连羊都不存在的人类文明？爱娃从伊甸园拿走的水果具体是什么？如果鲸鱼在温暖的南部海域是不存在的，那么吞掉约拿的生物又是什么？面对这些不能克服的语言问题，翻译家在各语言之间反复琢磨，然后想出了一个折中的方案。

Compromising is something that speakers of more than one language understand. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximateEnglish and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the colour spectrum in the grey/green/blue/brown range, since English has four words and Welsh has three. And even where words do exist, compromises still need to be made.The word "democracy" means completely different things in different contexts, and even a word like "bread" which refers to a staple food item made of flour means totally different things to different people.The flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother's Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word "bread" has to serve for both.

这个折中的方案是用不同种语言交流的人们都能理解的说法。当你想表达的单词在另外一种语言里不存在的时候，你要想办法来调整接近原来单词的意思。说英语的和讲威尔士语的在灰，绿，蓝，棕表达光谱的单词上进行了一些调整。因为英语能表达出这4个单词而威尔士语只能表达出其中的三个。尽管各语言之间意思相同的单词确实存在，有时候仍然要使用折中的方案。民主这个词在不同的背景下表达出来的意思是完全不一样的，连像面包这种词汇对不同人的意思都是完全不同的，面包指的是那些主要原材料是面粉的食品。中亚的扁面包和“母亲骄傲”的烤面包是完全不一样的食品，面包这个单词却要同时包含这两种食物。

Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is an essential skill in today's hybrid world, particularly now when the need for international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware of

the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to

enter into another culture's mentality and shape language accordingly. Millions of people are discovering how to bridge cultures, while the English-speaking world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programmes in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English.

不可避免的，英语的广泛传播意味着成百上万的人们需要学习另外一种语言，并且要学会如何识别文化的区别和语言上的区别。这项技能在现在的混合社会里尤其重要，尤其是在这个国际之间的理解如此重要的时代。当越来越多的人们掌握了多种语言，以英语为母语的人却正在失去优势，因为他们已经变成只会一种语言的人，所以他们不可能知道文化所产生的语言上的差别。用另外一种语言来交流不仅仅是使用语言技能，也包括要能使用另外一种文化的思维方式，来组织自己的语言。当成百上万的人正在探索如何缩小文化之间的差距时，以英语为母语的社会却变的越来越自满，并且开始删减外语课，因为他们相信会说英语就足够了。

World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state of the art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.

在将来，世界和平需要各文化之间的互相理解。那些最能帮助这一进程的，并非那些拥有最新技术和保持精良移动设备状态的群体，而是那些有能力理解不同语言字里行间的意思的群体。

5、fourteen steps

Unit 5 Fourteen Steps Hal Manwaring 1 They say a cat has nine lives,1 and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My first life began on a clear, cold day in November 1934, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a farming family. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. As the children grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year. 2 This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health, and quite a good athlete. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life … 3 In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. 4 Crazy? Not at all. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a gauge of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be through — I could then admit defeat and lie down and die.2 So I kept on working, kept on climbing those steps. And time passed. The girls went to

college and were happily married, and my wife and I were alone in our beautiful home with the 14 steps. 5 You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage.3 As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated. 6 Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads.4 Suddenly the steering wheel jerked in my hands and the car swerved violently to the right. In the same instant I heard the dreaded bang of a blowout. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick

shoulder of the road and sat there as the enormity of the situation swept over me.5 It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! A thought that a passing motorist might stop was dismissed at once. Why should anyone? I knew I wouldn’t! Then I remembered that a short distance up a little side road was a house. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in — thankfully. Lighted windows welcomed me to the house and I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn. 7 The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. I rolled down the window and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for me because I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and a moment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. Well, I would pay them for it. The rain seemed to be slackening a bit now, and I rolled down the window all the way to watch. It seemed to me that they were awfully slow and I was beginning to become impatient. I heard the clank of metal from the back of the car and the little girl’s voic e came clearly to me. “Here’s the jack-handle, Grandpa.” She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up.6 There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from the back of the car, but finally it was done. I felt the car bump as the jack was removed, and I heard the slam of the truck lid, and then they were standing at my car window. 8 He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. The little girl was about eight or ten, I judged, with a merry face and a wide smile as she looked up at me. He said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.” “Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple — on crutches. Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill. “No! I like to pay my way.” He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietl y, “Grandpa can’t see it.” 9 In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before.7 A blind man and a child! Fumbling, feeling with cold, wet fingers for bolts and tools in the dark —a darkness that for him would probably never end until death. I don’t remember how long I sat there after they said good night and left me, but it was long enough for me

to search deep within myself and find some disturbing traits. I realized that I was filled to

overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness.8 I sat there and said a prayer. 10 “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.”9 To me now, months later, this Scriptural admonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. It is a way of life, one that I am trying to follow. It isn’t always easy. Sometimes it is frustrating, sometimes expensiv e in both time and money, but the value is there. I am trying now not only to climb 14 steps each day, but in my small way to help others. Someday, perhaps, I will change a tire for a blind man in a car — someone as blind as I had been.

人们说猫有9条命, 我倾向于认为这是可能的, 因为我现在活的是第三次生命, 而我却不是猫。1934年11月的一个晴朗、寒冷的日子, 我开始了我的第一次生命。我成了一个务农家庭8个孩子中的第6个。我15岁时父亲去世, 我们全家都得为生计艰辛奔忙。孩子们长大后, 一个个结婚出嫁, 只剩下我和一个姐姐抚养和照顾妈妈。她晚年时瘫痪, 60多岁就去世了。我姐姐不久就嫁了人, 我也在当年结了婚。

这时我开始享受我的第一次生命。我非常幸福, 非常健康, 而且是一名相当出色的运动员。我们有两个可爱的女儿。我在圣何塞有份满意的工作, 在半岛北部的圣卡洛斯有幢漂亮的房

子。生活是称心如意的梦想。好景不长, 美梦中断了。我得了缓慢发展的运动神经病,并被其折磨，先是我的右臂和右腿活动受阻, 而后是左侧。我的第二次生命就此开始……

尽管我有病, 但是借着安装在车里的特殊设备, 我仍然每天开车上下班。我设法保持健康和乐观, 从某种程度来说, 是缘于１４级台阶。

在说疯话吧？完全不是。我们的房子是个错层式建筑, 从车库到厨房门有14级台阶。这些台阶是生活的标尺, 是衡量我的标准, 也是我继续生存的挑战。我认为哪一天要是我不能提起一只脚登上一级台阶, 再费劲地拖上另一只脚--如此重复14次直到精疲力竭, 那我就完了--那时我只能承认我失败了, 可以躺下来等死了。因此, 我坚持工作, 坚持爬那１４级台阶。时光荏苒, 两个女儿上了大学, 相继幸福地结婚成家, 只剩下我们夫妻俩相濡以沫, 守居在有14级台阶的漂亮家中。

你们或许会想, 在这里行走的是个有勇气和力量的人, 事实并非如此。这里行走的是一个痛苦地失去理想的一瘸一拐的残疾人, 一个因为那从车库通向后门折磨人的１４级台阶才保持精神正常、没有失去他的妻子、房子和工作的人。随着年龄增长, 我变得更失望和沮丧。后来, 1971年8月的一个黑夜, 我开始了我的第三次生命。那天晚上我起程回家时在下雨；我缓慢地沿着一条不经常走的路，开着车, 天刮起阵阵劲风, 急剧的雨点直落在车上。突然间, 手中的方向盘跳动起来, 车子猛烈地朝右侧转去。同时, 我听到可怕的轮胎爆裂的砰声。我费劲地把车停在因雨水而滑溜的路肩上, 在这突如其来的严峻情况下, 我呆坐在车里。我不可能更换轮胎！根本不可能！可能有个过路的车会停下来, 这个念头一闪即逝。人家为什么就该停车呢？我知道我也不会。我想起离开支路不太远有幢房子。我起动了发动机, 车子慢慢摇晃着顺着路肩朝前蠕动到土路上, 谢天谢地, 在那儿我拐了上去。透着灯光的窗户把我迎向房子, 我开上车道, 按了喇叭。

门开了, 一个小女孩站在那儿, 费力地看着我。我摇下车窗, 大声说我的轮胎爆了, 需要有人帮我换掉它, 因为我是个用拐杖的残疾人, 没法自己动手。女孩进了屋, 一会儿又出来, 裹着雨衣, 戴着帽子, 后面跟着一个男人, 他高兴地向我问候。我舒舒服服地坐在车里, 一点没淋湿, 而那男人和小女孩在风雨交加的夜晚这么辛苦地干, 我感到有点儿歉意。反正, 我会给他们钱的。雨像是小点儿了, 我把车窗一直摇下看着车外。我觉得他们干得特别慢, 我开始不耐烦起来。车后传来金属碰撞声和小女孩清晰的说话声。“爷爷, 这是千斤顶把手。”那男人低沉的喃喃声回答了她。千斤顶顶起车子时, 车身慢慢倾斜。随后是好一会儿声响、晃动和从车后传来的低声话语, 但是轮胎终于换完了。移开千斤顶时, 我感觉到车子落地时的颠动；我听到关行李箱盖的声音；而后他们俩站在车窗旁。

那男人年迈, 弯腰曲背, 身穿油布雨衣, 显得身体虚弱。我猜那小女孩大约８岁或１０岁, 有一张喜气的脸, 看我时笑容满面。他说, “这种糟糕的晚上车子有麻烦真够呛, 不过现在你没事了。”“谢谢, ”我说。“我该付你多少钱？”他摇摇头。“不要钱。辛西娅告诉我说你是个残疾人--用拐杖的。能帮上忙我很高兴。我知道你也会为我这么做。不要钱, 朋友。”我伸手递出一张5美元的钞票。“不要！我不喜欢欠人家的。”他没有收下钱的意思, 小女孩走近车窗, 轻声说道：“我爷爷看不见。”

在随后的几秒钟里, 我呆若木鸡, 那一片刻的羞耻和恐惧深深刺痛着我, 我有生以来第一次对自己感到那么强烈的厌恶。一个盲人和一个孩子！他们在黑夜里用湿冷的手指在黑暗中摸索和触摸螺栓和工具---对那老人来说, 这种黑暗可能将延续到他的生命结束。我不记得他们说了晚安离去后我在车里呆了多久, 但是足够我深刻反省, 挖找一些令我不安的品性。我意识到我极端自怜、自私、漠视他人的需要和不为别人着想。我呆在车上, 做了个祷告。

“所以无论何事, 你们要别人怎样待你们, 你们就得怎样待别人：这是摩西法律和先知教训的真义。”数个月过后, 如今对我来说, 这来自《圣经》的告诫不仅仅是《圣经》中的一段话, 而且是一种生活方式, 一种我现在要努力遵循的生活方式。这不总是容易的。有时令人沮丧, 有时在时间和金钱上要付出昂贵的代价, 但是有它的价值。我现在不仅每天爬１４级台阶, 还尽量给人一些小小的帮助。或许有一天, 我会给一个坐在车里像我一样在心灵上有盲点的人换轮胎。

7、letter to A B student

Your final grade for the course is B. A respectable grade. Far superior to the "Gentleman's C" that served as the norm a couple of generations ago. But in those days A's were rare: only two out of twenty-five, as I recall. Whatever our norm is, it has shifted upward, with the result that you are probably disappointed at not doing better. I'm certain that nothing I can say will remove that feeling of disappointment, particularly in a climate where grades determine eligibility for graduate school and special programs. Disappointment. It's the stuff bad dreams are made of: dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that there's never enough of it to go round in a zero-sum game where one person's winning must be offset by another's losing, one person's joy offset by another's disappointment. You've grown up in a society where winning is not the most important thing—it's the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go broke—these are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment might be something

you could shrug away. But not in ours. My purpose in writing you is to put your disappointment in perspective by considering exactly what your grade means and doesn't mean. I do not propose to argue here that grades are unimportant. Rather, I hope to show you that your grade, taken at face value, is apt to be dangerously misleading, both to you and to others. As a symbol on your college transcript, your grade simply means that you have successfully completed a specific course of study, doing so at a certain level of proficiency. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks: taking tests, writing papers and reports, and so forth. Your performance is generally assumed to correspond to the knowledge you have acquired and will retain. But this assumption, as we both know, is questionable; it may well be that you've actually gotten much more out of the course than your grade indicates—or less. Lacking more precise measurement tools, we must interpret your B as a rather fuzzy symbol at best, representing a questionable judgment of your mastery of the subject. Your grade does not represent a judgment of your basic ability or of your character. Courage, kindness, wisdom, good humor—these are the important characteristics of our species. Unfortunately they are not part of our curriculum. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in short supply. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued—and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper. Your B is a price tag on a garment that is quite separate from the living, breathing human being underneath. The student as performer; the student as human being. The distinction is one we should always keep in mind. I first learned it years ago when I got out of the service and went back to college. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry to get our degrees and move on, impatient with the tests and rituals of academic life. Not an easy group to handle. One instructor handled us very wisely, it seems to me. On Sunday evenings in particular, he would make a point of stopping in at a local bar frequented by many of the GI-Bill students. There he would sit and drink, joke, and swap stories with men in his class, men who had but recently put away their uniforms and identities: former platoon sergeants, bomber pilots, corporals, captains, lieutenants, commanders, majors—even a lieutenant colonel, as I recall. They enjoyed his company greatly, as he theirs. The next morning he would walk into class and give these same men a test. A hard test. A test on which he usually flunked about half of them.

Oddly enough, the men whom he flunked did not resent it. Nor did they resent him for shifting suddenly from a friendly gear to a coercive one. Rather, they loved him, worked harder and harder at his course as the semester moved along, and ended up with a good grasp of his subject—economics. The technique is still rather difficult for me to explain; but I believe it can be described as one in which a clear distinction was made between the student as classroom performer and the student as human being. A good distinction to make. A distinction that should put your B in perspective—and your disappointment. Perspective. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of

fear and joy, suffering and achievement. Warfare, sickness, disasters, public and private—these are the larger coordinates of life. To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading. It is true that these labels are necessary in the functioning of a complex society as a way of letting us know who should be trusted to do what, with the result that we need to make distinctions on the basis of grades, degrees, rank, and responsibility. But these distinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms, either in the way we look at others or in the way we look at ourselves. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person. I'm well aware that B students tend to get B's in the courses they take later on, just as A students tend to get A's. But academic work is a narrow, neatly defined highway compared to the unmapped rolling country you will encounter after you leave school. What you have learned may help you find your way about at first; later on you will have to shift to yourself, locating goals and opportunities in the same fog that hampers us all as we move toward the future.

你的期末成绩是一个B，一个过得去的等级。比许多年以前的及格C等级要优秀多了。但是A等级在那个年代是十分少见的，我回想起来25个人里只有两个人。但不管我们的标准如何，它们还是在提升的，不过你可能会因为这个结果为自己没有考好而失望。我相信我说什么都无法消除你们心中的失望情绪，特别是在一个社会环境下等级的高低直接决定了你考的学校和拿到的特别项目好坏。

你的失望感。负面的展望由这种情绪形成：失败、努力不够、好位置与好名声的丧失。成功的核心是在零和博弈的游戏中没有批发的成功可以供给，有了一个人的失败才能成为另一个人成功的垫脚石。你所生所长的社会是唯成功论的，失败或者破产绝对是要命的罪恶。因为财富的多少明确的决定了未来能否被拯救。也许在另一个不一样的社会中，你对于失望的情绪能一笑而过，不过在我们的社会中不可能。

我写这篇文章的目的是客观判断你们的失望情绪，认真考虑你的等级意味着什么与不能说明什么，我不想在这里争辩成绩无用论，相反我希望告诉你们的是，如果只是被它的外表所蒙蔽，那对于你们与他人来说，都是一种可怕的导向。

作为大学成绩单的一种象征，你的成绩只能表明你已经成功的完成了特定课程的学习，达到了一定等级的熟练度。不过这种衡量你的表现的标准还是由传统的任务决定：参加考试、写论文报告等等。因为这种表现普遍认为应该与所掌握、记住知识的多少相结合，但是我们也知道这种假设是值得推敲的，有可能你学到的比成绩单上反应出来的要多，也有可能要少。在缺少更精准的测量工具的情况下，我们只能认为你的B代表着你对于这门学科的掌握不够，充其量是一个不明确的标志。

你的成绩也不能成为衡量基本能力与性格的标准。勇气、善良、智慧、好脾气，这些才是我们人类的重要性格特征。虽然它们因为批发量少很重要，但不幸的是它们无法成为我们课程学习中的一部分。当然如果你看重自己拥有的这些性格特征，那么就总会有出头之日

——而且远比那些只重视纸上那一点可怜分数的人好得多。你的B等级是衣服外的价格标签，穿上生活的衣裳后就与标签没有任何关系了。

作为表现者与作为人类这个身份的学生是不一样的，这种差别需要我们时刻牢记。第一次学习这种区别是在我参军期重新回到校园的时候。当时有一大群像

我一样的人，比一般的学生要老，着急着赶快获得学位继续生活，对学术生活里的习惯和考试极不耐烦。这是一群不怎么好对付的学生。

我感觉其中一位用了一种明智的方法对付我们。每当星期天的晚上，他就会来到当地酒吧，那里总有许多GI-Bill的学生光顾。他会坐下来和他们喝酒、开玩笑，和班上的学生们分享各种故事。那些学生们最近刚换下他们参军的制服，有曾经排里的中士、轰炸机驾驶员、下士、陆军上尉、中尉、指挥官、陆军上校，其中甚至有陆军中校。所有人都十分享受与他交流，他自己也是。第二天早上，他会走进教室后分发卷子给所有人考试，一场会有一半人挂掉的艰难考试。

奇怪的是，挂掉的那些人也不会讨厌他。他们也不会厌恶他身份的变化，从一个友善的朋友变成压迫性的老师。相反他们喜欢他所以会在他的课上不断努力学习，最终学期结束的时候很好的掌握这门课程——经济学。这样的教书技巧我都无法解释清楚，但我相信，他很好的区分了学生们的身份，作为教室里的学习者和单纯的人类身份。这样的区分客观的判断了你的失望与你得到的B。

客观性。尽管人们在阶层上、获得教育的程度都不一样，但从根本上大家吸收的知识都来自相同的生活素材，也因为有共同的情感紧密连接，开心也好害怕也罢，遭受的痛苦与获得的成就。认识到这点是重要的。战争、疾病、公共和私人中的重大变故，这些是生活中更大的共通点。意识到这点后会发觉社会标签其实是一种基本的无关与误导。这些标签在复杂的社会职责分配中确实很有必要，我们需要知道能相信谁，他又能做什么，所以就有分数、等级、职位、责任的差异。但是从人性出发的时候这些真的不需要太过看重，看待自身还是别人都一样。

即便是从成就看，B这个标签也并不意味着你永远就是只能达到B成就的人。我清楚的知道B档的学生以后还可能得到B就像A档的学生还会更容易取得A。但是学术学习只是一条窄窄的限定好的高速公路，毕业出去后碰到的就是杂乱无章的田野，充满波折。你曾经学到的东西也许在开始能帮你找到要走的路，但接下来就都要靠自己，在阻止我们前行的漫天大雾中定位目标、找准机遇了。9- What Is Happiness?

The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite which way it ran. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to being well-deceived.” The felicity of being “ a fool among knaves.” For Swift say society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.

自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。乔纳森?斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。

It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to heaven when we possess enough.

当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。

And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to

satisfy desires but to create them-and to create them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is based on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were fly ing banners that read “You Auto Buy Now.” There were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have. Automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year’s models were released.

同时，美国的商业主义却又殚精竟虑故意使我们得不到幸福。广告是我们的支柱产业之一，其存在不是为了满足欲望。而是为了制造欲望——其制造速度之快，使我们的腰包应接不暇。就此而言，我们的整个经济是基于一种无法自拔的贪求无厌。我们受到的教育是“占有却为幸福”，然后我们就被迫产生贪欲。我们甚至被告知欲望是我们的义务。引用一个简单的例子为证：仅仅几年前，全国的汽车销售商还打着“你应该立即购买汽车”的横幅。他们号召美国人民：作为一种爱国主义行为，他们应该立即按揭购买他们并不真正需要的汽车，并且在次年新款汽车发布后他们会对原来这些汽车心生厌倦。

Or look at any of the women’s magazines. There, as Bernard De V oto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back page. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.

或者任意浏览一本女性杂志。正如伯尔纳德?德?渥托曾经指出的那样，这些杂志开头几页的广告诗情画意，而最后则以类似药典和治疗手册结尾。前者是完美美女的梦想：这该是她婴儿般的股肤，这些是她无瑕的牙齿，这该是她呼出的香气，这该是她能保持到40、50、60岁甚至永远的16岁少女般的身材。

Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the slave that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat, these are the hormones of perceptual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.

一旦读完这些隐约让人振奋的小说和专题文章，读者在杂志最后几页就会发现梦想的真相：这是家庭主妇必须得系上的背带，以展现其完美身材。这些是她睡觉时必须带上的颚带。这是可以恢复青春的药剂和装备，这是她减肥用的缓泻药，这些是消化脂肪的药片，这些是使外表年轻的荷尔蒙，这些是掩盖静脉曲张的长袜。

Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what is trying to buy?

显而易见，即使心智不健全的人也不会完全相信这些诗境或是这些药典和

矫正术。然后有人显然正在竭力购买这些广告所兜的美梦，并为此每年耗资数十亿美元。这种幸福市场无疑不会无人问津，但他们购买的究竟是什么呢？

The idea “happiness,” to be sure, will not sit still for easy definition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. The holy man’s idea of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body. Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through afantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.

诚然，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事：最好是尽量为这一概念确立一些极限，然后将两者折中。将幸福视为物质上的拥有和相互攀比，这就确立了其物质上的极限。将其视为一个人（比如印度的圣人）所感知的信念，则是确立了其精神上的极限。圣人的幸福是无需身外之物。无欲则无求。他静坐不动，陷入冥思，甚至脱离或者说近乎脱离自己的肉体。如果有虔诚的信徒带来食物，他硬听；如果没有，他便淡然地饿着。有什么好牵挂的呢？对他而言，物质世界只是虚幻。宴想是他的极乐，而他通过修行来实现。这种修行要求之高，让人难以置信，其完成本身就是他内心的一种极乐。

But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within all of us and must find some sort of balance. Thoreau-a creature of both Eastern and Western thought-had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.

然而，或许因为我是西方人，我对这种令人精神紧张的幸福持怀疑态度，正如我怀疑幸福市场的梦幻一样。可以确信，他这种幸福方式对几乎任何一个西方人而言都是一种折磨。尽管如此，我们仍然可以利用这些极限来划定幸福的范畴，在这一范畴内每个人都得找到某种平衡。梭罗，一个东西思想交融的人物，对这种平衡有他自己的坚定信念。他的目标是在低层次节约，在高层次上付出。

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thore au’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high, What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. 梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为自己而去拥有，或与邻里明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次”，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自己界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可以确保他能去从事更为重要的事务即可。

Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind.

实用综合教程(第二版)课后练习答案

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Unit1 Ways of Learning Vocabulary I 1. 1)insert 2)on occasion 3)investigate 4)In retrospect 5)initial 6)phenomena 7)attached 8)make up for 9)is awaiting 10)not; in the least 11)promote 12)emerged 2. 1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south. 2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber. 3)as a financial center has evolved slowly. 4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines. 3. 1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating 2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to 3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superior II 1. 1)continual 2)continuous 3)continual 4)continuous 2. 1)principal 2)principal 3)principle 4)principles 5)principal III 1.themselves 2.himself/herself 3.herself/by herself/on her own 4.itself 5.ourselves 6.yourself/by yourself/on your own Comprehensive Exercises I.cloze 1.

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【一】全新版大学英语综合教程1课后题 Unit 1 Growing Up Part II Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1. …down back and on in 2. been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office. so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. the command the soldiers opened fire. bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. , rigid, to inspire tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas , career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. violating Ⅲ. , in upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ. Cloze 1. back

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4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5.buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3. 1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f6124398.html,pose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f6124398.html,posed 2.severe 3.agony 4.extraordinary 5.recall https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f6124398.html,mand 7.was violating 8.anticipate Ⅲ. 1.at 2.for 3.of 4.with 5.as 6.about

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实用综合教程(第二版)4

2.A severe flood struck the food base of the city and con segue ntly (con seque nce)caused a Unit 1 P ersiste nee Full in each bla nk with a word give n below. Change the form where n ecessary. (P8) bend encoun ter avail tumble swipe atte mpt 〔.Although we have tried very hard to achieve the goal ，we still encounter great difficulties in our work.虽然我们很努力来达到我们的目标 ，我们仍在我们的工作遇到很大的困难。 2.1 have tried all kinds of ways ，but still cannot bend my daughter to my will. 我已经尝试了各种方式，但仍然不能让我的女儿屈从于我的意志。 3.It is n atural that babies tumble whe n they are lear ning to walk. 婴儿学步时摔倒是很自然的。 4. Last time he failed in the exam ，so this time he made a serious attempt to p ass it. 上次他考试不及格，所以这次他认真地试图通过考试。 5. After so many misfort un es ，the mother was n ot able to sta nd this heavy blow 在这么多的不幸之后，母亲不能忍受这次沉重的打击。 6. He sudde niy took a swi pe at her face and kn ocked her dow n on the ground. 他突然猛打她的脸，把她撞倒在地上。 7.1 ' m afraid that his efforts will be of no avail 我担心他的努力将不起作用 8.They attem pted to esca pe from the prison ，but failed. 他们试图逃离监狱，但失败了。 B .Full in the bla nks with the proper form of the give n words.( P9) 1. For years, his persistent (persistenee )attempts had enabled him to gain the position in the gover nment. blow

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