中国汉字英文介绍Chinese Characters

English for graduates majoring in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages

Origin of Chinese Characters

From https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/08olympics/2008-07/09/content_136328.htm Different from Western characters, Chinese characters are square and indicate either pronunciation or meaning or both. Chinese characters provide a convenient tool for imagery thinking.

With language, ancient humans began accumulating knowledge through which human culture came forth. With characters, they recorded the language and communicated with each other, which distinguished man from animals. It is characters that drew a line between the primitive and civilized periods of human society.

There are various sayings in ancient Chinese documents concerning the origin of Chinese characters, such as "tie knots(结绳)," the "Eight Diagrams(八卦)," "picture," and "carved characters," among others. The legendary story about Cang Jie creating characters is generally recorded in ancient books. According to ancient records, Chinese characters were created by Cang Jie, a history officer of the legendary Yellow Emperor（黄帝）.

Huainanzi (Masters in the Kingdom of Huainan) says that it was because of the characters Cang Jie made that the Heaven rained grains and ghosts cried at night. Xun Zi and Shi Jing (The Book of Odes颂歌) and other ancient books also record the legend of Cang Jie creating Chinese characters. By the Qin (221-206BC) and Han (206BC-220AD) dynasties, the legend had become more widespread and had more far-reaching(深远的) influence.

Historians in the past once tried to prove whether there was a person named Cang Jie in history, and if he did exist, when he lived, but they failed to draw a conclusion due to lack of irrefutable（adj.不能反驳的, 不能驳倒的）proof.

Some people guessed that Cang Jie was the historiographer（历史学家；史料编纂者）of the Yellow Emperor. Xunzi thought Cang Jie must have been a prehistoric wise man who sorted out and standardized the characters that had already been in use.

Evidently the legend of Cang Jie cannot be accepted as the truth, for

any script can only be a creation developed by people to meet the needs of social life over a long period of trial and experiment. Chinese characters are a huge and complicated system, and they could only have come into being after a long period of creation and development.

According to modern researchers, the ancestors of the Chinese people tied knots in rope to record events. Later, they adopted sharp weapons to inscribe（雕、刻）signs, and developed the earliest form of Chinese characters. Archeologists（考古学家）have found inscribed signs on Neolithic（['ni?'l?θ?k]新石器时代的）pottery（陶器）shards（碎片）in Banpo Village in Shaanxi Province. These signs, dating back to some 6,000 years ago, were possibly the seeds of later Chinese characters.

Inscribed signs, a little younger than those found in Banpo Village, were also found on pottery along the lower reaches of the Yellow River （黄河下游）. There, archeologists found a sign with shapes of the moon and a five-peak mountain underneath a circle. Experts in ancient characters say the pictograph（['p?kt?grɑ?f] n.象形文字, 古代石壁画）symbolizes the interval（距离，间隔）in which the moon disappears and the sun rises. Mythology（[m?'θ?l?d??]神话学）researchers have another interpretation. Their understanding is that the moon shape symbolizes the red clouds as the sun rises, and thus the picture portrays（[p??'tre?]描绘）a sunrise over the sea.

Most of the signs inscribed on pottery were painted red, creating an imposing（adj.使人难忘的, 壮丽的）and mysterious impression. The hypothesis is that pictographs were used in sacrificial rituals（['r?t???l]宗教仪式）dedicated to（献给）the sunrise or as prayers for good harvests. They were inscribed in an orderly way, and the strokes（笔画）are full of strength. Similar signs and designs have been found in other regions in China, indicating they had become generally recognized. These are the earliest symbols, or pictographs, in China and are more than 5,000 years old.

In Qinghai Province in western China, pottery objects of approximately the same period and inscribed with images of birds, insects and animals have been unearthed（掘出）. These, too, are regarded as pictographs. According to philologist（文献学者；语言学者）Tang Lan（唐兰）, Chinese characters originated from pictures; The older the characters, the more they look like pictures. Since pictures have no fixed forms, the ancient Chinese characters were generally free in form.

Xu Shen, a philologist of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), divided Chinese characters into six categories. Modern scholars have since reduced them to three types, of which the pictographic character is one. The picture signs are the embryos（['embr???]胚胎）of both calligraphy and painting, which gave rise to the Chinese saying that calligraphy and painting have the same origin. At first, the pictographic characters differed from region to region. As time went by, however, they become more standardized, abstract and united, and the earliest Chinese written language, Jiaguwen (shell and bone writing) appeared.

Very important website: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/index.htm

Note: omniglot=omni+glot;

omni=(Greek) all;

glot=(Greek) language (see English glossary);

omniglot=all languages.

Origins of writing in China

From https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/writing/chinese.htm

Most linguists believe that writing was invented in China during the latter half of the 2nd millennium BC and that there is no evidence to suggest the transmission of writing from elsewhere. The earliest recognizable examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells - "oracle bones".

In 1899 a scholar from Beijing named Wang Yirong noticed symbols that looked like writing on some "dragon bones" which he had been prescribed by a pharmacy. At that time "dragon bones" were often used in Chinese medicine and were usually animal fossils. Many more "oracle bones" were found in the ruins of the Shang capital near Anyang in the north of Henan province.

The script on these "oracle bones" is known as 甲骨文(ji?g?wén) - literally "shell bone writing". They were used for divination, a process which involved heating them then inspecting the resulting cracks to determine to answers to one's questions. The bones were then inscribed with details of the questions and the answers. Most of the questions involved hunting, warfare, the weather and the selection of auspicious days for ceremonies.

A collection of oracle bones in the National Palace Museum near Taipei.

Recently archaeologists in China have unearthed many fragments of neolithic pottery, the oldest of which date from about 4800 BC, inscribed with symbols which could be a form of writing. None of these symbols resemble any of the Shang characters and the likelyhood of deciphering them is remote given the paucity of material.

The Chinese writing system

Chinese is written with characters which are known as 漢字[汉字] (hànzi). The characters were originally pictures of people, animals or other things, but over the centuries they have become increasingly stylized and no longer resemble the things they represent. Many characters have been combined with others to create new ones.

Until the early 20th century, Classical Chinese, 文言(wényán), was the main form of writing in China. It was standardized during the late Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) and was also used in Korea, Japan and Vietnam before they developed their own writing systems.

In Classical Chinese most words were monosyllabic and written with a single character. However, during the 1920s a new form of written Chinese modelled on spoken Mandarin was developed. Most Chinese publications since then have been written in this form, which is known as 白話[白话] (báihuà), though Classical Chinese constructions and especially proverbs are still used to some extent.

In spoken Chinese, words are made up of one, two or more syllables. Each of the syllables is written with a separate character. Each character has its own meaning, though many are used only in combination with other characters.

Every character is given exactly the same amount of space, no matter how complex it is. There are no spaces between characters and the characters which make up multi-syllable words are not grouped together, so when reading Chinese, you not only have to work out what the characters mean and how to pronounce them, but also which characters belong together.

How many characters?

The Chinese writing system is an open-ended one, meaning that there is no upper limit to the number of characters. The largest Chinese dictionaries include about 56,000 characters, but most of them are archaic, obscure or rare variant forms. Knowledge of about 3,000 characters enables you to read about 99% of the characters used in Chinese newspapers and magazines. To read Chinese literature, technical writings or Classical Chinese though, you need to be familiar with at least 6,000 characters.

Usage

Characters can be used on their own, in combination with other characters or as part of other characters.

Strokes

From https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/writing/chinese.htm

Chinese characters are written with the following twelve basic strokes:

A character may consist of between 1 and 64 stokes. The strokes are always written in the same direction and there is a set（固定的）order to write the strokes of each character. In dictionaries, characters are ordered partly by the number of stokes they contain.

Notes

The 39-stroke character (3 x thunder) means "the sound of thunder" and is always written doubled (靐靐). The 48-stroke character (3 dragons) means "the appearance of a dragon walking".

Homophones

There are approximately 1,700 possible syllables in Mandarin, which compares with over 8,000 in English. As a result, there are many homophones - syllables which sound the same but mean different things. These are distinguished in written Chinese by using different characters for each one.

Not all the following characters are pronounced with the same tone, so to Chinese ears they sound different. To Western ears however they all sound the same. These syllables can be distinguished in speech from the context and because most of them usually appear in combination with other syllables.

If you look closely, you will notice that some of the characters above have parts in common. These parts give you a clue to how to pronounce the characters.

More examples of homophones

It is even possible to write a text in Chinese using on one sound, pronounced with different tones, of course. This is exactly what Chinese linguist, Zhao Yuanren, did when he wrote the "Story of Shi Eating the Lions" using nothing but the sound 'shi'. The story makes sense in written form, but is impossible to understand when read aloud.

You can see and hear the story on:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/onlinelit/stonelion.html

Compound words

Chinese verbs and adjectives generally consist of one character (syllable) but nouns often consist of two, three or more characters (syllables):

Simplified Chinese characters

The Simplified script (a.k.a. Simplified Chinese) was officially adopted in the People's Republic of China in 1949 in an effort to eradicate（根除）illiteracy. The simplified script is also used in Singapore but the older traditional characters are still used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and Malaysia.

A second round of simplifications which was published in 1977 but proved very unpopular and was abandoned in 1986.

About 2,000 characters have been simplified in a number of different ways (the simplified characters are shown in red):

Many simplified characters are based on commonly used abbreviations:

Others retain only one part from the traditional character.

Some replace the phonetic element of the traditional character with a simpler one that is pronounced in the same or in a similar way:

In some cases, several traditional characters are represented by one simplified character:

Recently the traditional characters have started to make a come back, particularly in southern China.

Sample text in Chinese

Hàny? pīnyīn transliteration

Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlü píngd?ng. Tāmen fùy?u l?xìng hé liángxīn, bìng yīng y? xiōngdì guānxì de jīngshén hùxiāng duìdài.

Direction of writing

Traditionally Chinese was written from right to left in vertical columns. The first publication in Chinese using horizontal (left to right) text was Robert Morrison's Dictionary of the Chinese language, published in 1815–1823 in Macau. The increasing use of words in Western languages, especially English, in Chinese texts from the early 20th century made horizontal texts more popular.

Since 1949 horizontal writing has become the standard in the PRC, and all PRC newspapers changed from vertical to horizontal text in 1956, though some headlines are written vertically, as are inscriptions（题字）of signs on most state organizations.

The horizontal writing of Chinese is normal in Singapore, and it has been gradually adopted in Hong Kong, Macao and in overseas Chinese communities since the 1990s.

Vertical text remains popular in Taiwan however, though horizontal text is used as well. In Taiwan newspapers and magazines with vertical text, some of the headlines and titles are written horizontally right to left across the top of the main text.

Use of Chinese characters for other languages

Chinese characters are used to write Modern Standard Chinese, which is based largely on spoken Mandarin. Other varieties of Chinese, especially Cantonese, are sometimes written with Chinese characters, or with a combination of characters and words in the Latin alphabet. Some of the characters used are archaic（陈旧的，古老的）or invented specifically for these languages.

Chinese characters have been used to write Japanese and Korean and Vietnamese. They are still used in written Japanese, in combination with hiragana（平假名-日文字母的草体）and katakana（片假名）, and to a much lesser in written Korean, while Vietnamese is now written with the Latin alphabet.

Evolution of Chinese Characters

From https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html,/writing/chinese_evolution.htm

The images（图象）below illustrate how a number of Chinese characters have changed over time from their earliest known pictographic（象形文字的）forms, to the versions used today.

The Large Seal and Small Seal scripts are still used to write names on personal name chops（官印）, and are also occasionally used to write company names on buildings, stationery（文具）, name cards, etc.

The Grass script (a.k.a. Cursive script) is used mainly for Chinese calligraphy. Each character is written with one continuous stroke, which enables very rapid writing, though characters written in this way are difficult to read. Legibility（易辨性）is not a primary concern for Chinese calligraphers, instead they aim to produce calligraphy that is aesthetically（审美地）pleasing.

The Simplified script(a.k.a. Simplified Chinese), was officially adopted in the People's Republic of China in 1949 in an effort to eradicate illiteracy. It is also used in Singapore.

Sample texts

Small Seal Script (小篆)

Clerical Script (隸書)

Standard Script with zhùyīn fúhào (楷書)

Running script (行書)

Grass script

Simplified characters (简体字)

中国饮食文化英文介绍

中国饮食文化英文介绍 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：中国饮食文化——英文版 China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，

还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重

中国节日介绍英文版本.docx

羀中国节日介绍英文版中国节日介绍英文版 羈一、农历节日 农历正月初一春节 (the Spring Festival) 螃 农历正月十五元宵节 (Lantern Festival) 莁 农历五月初五端午节 (the Dragon-Boat Festival) 肀 农历七月初七乞巧节 (中国情人节） (Double-Seventh Day)荿 农历八月十五中秋节 (the Mid-Autumn Festival) 蒅 农历九月初九重阳节 (the Double Ninth Festival) 莄 农历腊月初八腊八节 (the laba Rice Porridge Festival) 膀 蒆二、阳历节日 膆1 月 1 日元旦（ New Year's Day)

膃2 月 2 日世界湿地日 (World Wetlands Day) 芀2 月 14 日情人节 (Valentine's Day) 3 月 3 日全国爱耳日 袆 蚄3 月 5 日青年志愿者服务日 羁3 月 8 日国际妇女节 (International Women' Day) 莀3 月 9 日保护母亲河日 芇3 月 12 日中国植树节 (China Arbor Day) 莆3 月 14 日白色情人节 (White Day) 蚀3 月 14 日国际警察日 (International Policemen' Day) 蒀3 月 15 日世界消费者权益日 (World Consumer Right Day）蚈 3 月 21 日世界森林日（World Forest Day)

袄3 月 21 日世界睡眠日 (World Sleep Day) 螃3 月 22 日世界水日 (World Water Day) 蕿3 月 23 日世界气象日 (World Meteorological Day) 袅3 月 24 日世界防治结核病日 (World Tuberculosis Day) 薆4 月 1 日愚人节 (April Fools' Day) 蒂4 月 5 日清明节（ Tomb-sweeping Day) 蕿4 月 7 日世界卫生日 (World Health Day） 芆4 月 22 日世界地球日 (World Earth Day) 羄4 月 26 日世界知识产权日 (World Intellectual Property Day)芁5 月 1 日国际劳动节 (International Labour Day) 虿 5 月 3 日世界哮喘日(World Asthma Day)

中国汉字中英对照版

<圣经。旧约>中说人类祖先最初是没有交流障碍的，由于交流比较方便，人类很容易齐心协力，于是在两河流域建造了巴比城，想建立通天的巴比塔，来显示人类的强大，甚至可以和上帝并驾齐驱，随着巴比塔越建越高，终于高耸入云，上帝又惊又怒，人类怎么能与上帝比肩呢？于是决定变乱人的语言，有一天人们发现，人们之间不同语言了，于是巴比塔建了一半。就停工、荒废了。巴比是混乱的意思。这个巴比城是有史可考的，在1899年3月的一天，伊拉克巴比城被德国考古学家罗伯特；科尔德维发现。这个巨大的塔基共7层，每边长87,78米。建塔时共用了5千800万块砖。那么人类发展最初究竟互通语言吗？由于这个话题已无从考证。今天我们暂且不管这个话题，让我们探讨一下中国最博大，最神奇的文化——汉字吧。 believed that there were originally no communication barriers between human ancestors , due to the information exchange is convenient, human is easy to work together,so, human ancestors would like to create a pagoda of Babel,to show the human's power ,which can even go hand in hand with God,with the Tower of Bobby city in Mesopotamia building higher and higher,finally towering,God were scared and angry,how humans can par with God? God Decided to confound people's language,one day it was found that people cannot speak the same languages ,and the Tower of Babel was built o n lay-off, even abandoned.Bobby is the meaning of chaos. I nitially whether human language are the same or not in human history?Let us set aside this topic,today we explore the most amazing culture -Chinese characters. 甲骨文汉字，古埃及的象形文字（圣书字）、两河流域苏美尔人的楔形文字是世界上最古老的三大文字系统。其中，古埃及的圣书字、两河流域苏美尔人的楔形文字，（古印度哈拉本文字——不是三大古老的文字之一）。、已经失传，仅有中国的汉字沿用至今。 Oracle----Chinese characters, the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs、Mesopotamia Sumerian cuneiform is the oldest of the three writing systems in the world.Among them,the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs,

中国文化英文介绍

Confucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius compiled many literary works of ancient times, including The Book of Songs ,The Book of Documents, and The Books of Changes. His saying and behaviors were compiled in The Analects of Confucius by his disciples. His ideology has been absorbed and carried composing the essential part of Chinese traditional ideology. It was also spread into the border regions and areas building up a circle of Confucianism. UNESCO labeled him one of the “Ten Culture Celebrities”. 孔子 孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，《诗经》《尚书》《周易》等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在《论语》中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到周边国家，形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。 Beijing Opera Beijing Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In development Beijing Opera has formed a number of fictitious props. For instance a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props involved , an actor may perform going upstairs or downstairs opening or closing a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audience an impression with graceful movements. There are four main roles sheng dan jing and chou. A sheng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial makeup ,for example, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile. 京剧 京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼、下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。

中国书法英文介绍

Good afternoon everyone, Today, our team’s topic is Chinese calligraphy and painting. First of all, let me introduce the first half of the Chinese calligraphy. 开篇视频翻译： Calligraphy is traditionally been regarded in China as the highest form of visual art. 书法，传统上被视为视觉艺术的最高形式。 The four treasures……文房四宝，笔墨纸砚pine soot（松烟） Calligraphy in social dimension……self-cultivation emulation of moral exemplars 书法在社会层面上，孔子：自我修养，效仿道德模范 老子：内心自我认识的表达 直到今天，中国书法依然在中国人生活中保持着强大力量。 Chinese calligraphy, the four ancient Chinese artistic forms are called qin, chess, penmanship, and painting; and penmanship particularly refers to Chinese calligraphy. (中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“书”特指书法) Chinese calligraphy is a kind of art using a brush to write seal script, official script, regular script, running script, and cursive script, and other various writing styles of Chinese characters.（它是用毛笔书写篆、隶、楷、行、草等各体汉字的艺术） The writing techniques of Chinese calligraphy are highlighted by the manner of using a brush, the way ink is used, the art of composition, and so on. （中国书法在技法上讲究笔法、墨法、章法等） Its harmonious beauty of art is reflected in between the lines. （它艺术的和谐之美体现在字里行间） Chinese calligraphy exhibits（iɡ?zibits）its beauty in different poses, such as the uniqueness （j?'nikn?s）of the official script ―silkworm head and swallow tail(隶书的蚕头燕尾), the regular script requirement to ―stick to the norm and rules(楷书的中规中矩), the characteristic of cursive script ―flying dragon and dancing phoenixes(草书的龙飞凤舞), and the distinctive ―natural grace of the running script(行书的潇洒飘逸).可谓异彩纷呈，千姿百态 Indeed, Chinese calligraphy reflects the personality of Chinese people’s straightforwardness, dignity, and reticence('ret?sns).(中国书法体现了中华民族的豪爽大气、端庄含蓄的特点) Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures use to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme(ra?m) at the same time.(汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意、韵的独特文字) The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. (现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形)

中文名字的英文写法

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介绍中国文化英语作文 中国中英文介绍(最新)

The Spring Festivel The Spring Festivel is an important holiday in china.All Chinese families celebrate it. It is always in January or Feberary.It is often very cold at this time of year,but people are all busy and happy.Family members get tegether and then have a big dinner .After dinner we like to watch TV.There is a great Spring Festival Gala on TV every year. 翻译：春节是中国的一个重要的假期里的节日.所有的中国家庭都庆祝它. 它总是在每年的一月或二月.这个时间通常都很冷,但是所有的人们都很忙碌和快乐.家庭成员们聚在一起,然后吃一顿大餐.大餐之后我们喜欢看电视.这里每年都有一个很棒的新春盛典. Traditional Chinese culture is beginning to capture the attention of the world. This is true even as popular culture that has traditionally been considered Western begins to spread throughout China. Kung Fu, especially, has had a great impact on the millions of people who first learned about China through it. From that, they may come to China and learn about other aspects of this culture, such as traditional operas like the Beijing and Sichuan ones. Asian nations have long known about the greatness of ancient Chinese culture. Their own cultures are a mix of native ones and those Chinese characteristics. Korea and Japan long ago adopted ideas such as Confucianism is something that continues today even as it is challenged by Pop Culture. This strength comes from the ideas given in the Four Books of Confucianism (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and The Book of Mencius). These books built upon the ideas of an even more ancient period codified in the Five Classics. From them, the West learns such things as Fengshui and other concepts that are uniquely Chinese. China has taken steps to further this spread of its culture by establishing Chinese Cultural Centers in such places as the United States and Europe. 中国传统文化正在吸引全世界的注意，尽管在传统意义上被看成是西方文化的流行文化开始在中国广泛传播。尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。由于功夫，他们可能来到中国，学习了解中国文化的其他方面，比如京剧和川剧这样的传统戏剧。亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。他们自己的文化混合了本民族的文化和中国文化的特色。韩国和日本很早就把儒教等观念引进了他们的社会当中。甚至在被流行文化冲击的今天，儒教的影响也一直在延续。这种力量来自“四书”(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》和《孟子》)中的思想。这些书是依照“五经”之中所体现

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Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels”theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.” 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。 Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a

中文名字的英文写法

中文名字最标准的英文写法就是直接翻译成汉语拼音： Li Leyang或 Lee Yeyang 西方人的习惯是名字在前，姓在后，二者间如果有中间名（Middle name），Middle name一般用简写，中国人如果有英文名字，在正式的场合可以参照这种格式。比如，搜狐创始人、董事局主席张朝阳的英文名字就写成：Charles CY. Zhang. 搜狐所有英文正式文件中张朝阳的名字都是这样写的。 如果没有英文名字，那么应该按照中国人的习惯（姓在前名字在后）直接把中文名字翻译成汉语拼音作为英文写法！很典型的例子，奥运会上，所有中国运动员的名字在运动衣上都是这样翻译的（以前不是，后来国家颁布了《汉语拼音方案》，并解释到《汉语拼音方案》是拼写中文人名地名唯一标准后，统一改过来了），所以，中国人名字的英文写法，就是汉语拼音：姓在前，名在后，姓和名分开写，姓和名的开头字母均大写！ 两个字的是：比如：张三就应该写：Zhang San 三个字的是：1.单姓,比如：李小言就应该写：Li Xiaoyan 2.复姓,比如：诸葛亮就应该写：Zhuge Liang 四个字的是：1.单姓,比如：李雨中生就应该写：Li Yuzhongsheng 2.复姓,比如：司马相如就应该写：Sima Xiangru 1. Last Name就是姓，First Name就是名，請勿混淆。 2. "國語羅馬拼音對照表" 乃外交部護照科所採用的中英文姓名翻譯原則，為了保持所有文 件的統一，建議同學根據此表來翻譯姓名及地址。 3. 同學的英文姓名，應由中文姓名音譯，並與大學英文畢業證書、英文成績單、TOEFL / GRE / GMAT考試及申請學校、辦理護照及簽證時所用的英文姓名完全一致，如姓名不 一致，將造成申請學校、辦護照、簽證時身份的困擾，徒增麻煩。 4. 如果有英文別名(如John、Mary...等)，可以將別名當做Middle Name。 [例] 王甫平有一個英文別名STEVE，其英文姓名可以下列方式列出： WANG FUPING S Last Name First Name . 5. 如果沒有英文別名，. 處不要填。 6. 如非必要，英文別名最好不要用，只用中文姓名的英譯最為單純。 7. 在國外使用英文姓名的建議：外國人習慣將名放在前面，姓放在後；而中國人的姓名， 則是姓在前名在後，有時在國外填寫資料時常會搞錯，建議在打履歷表、印名片或處理 資料時，如果填寫姓名的地方沒有註明Last Name時，英文姓名正確表達方法可以如： Fuping Wang 或Wang, Fuping

中国文化中英文对照

中国龙 对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼，蛇，马，牛等动物与云雾，雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞，开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or Loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 饺子 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。相传为古代医圣仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有"好吃不过饺子"的俗语。中国人接亲待友。逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，"更岁交子"吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的容。 Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people's favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, freshen and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There's an old saying that claims, "Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings." During the Spring Festival and other holidays or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the New Year. 针灸 针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是"病外治"。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位。以达到刺激经络，治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今病传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外赞誉为中国的"新四大国粹"。 Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the "main and collateral channels" theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body's yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that "internal diseases are to b e treated with external therapy"/ the main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient's body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient's acupoints so as to stimulate the channels

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龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/608373504.html, Chinese Character（《汉字》英文版）简介作者：冯志伟 来源：《华文教学与研究》2018年第01期 [关键词] 汉字；六书；部件；笔划；树形图分析法 [摘要] 介绍了Chinece Characters（《汉字》英文版）一书的主要内容和特色。该书论述 了汉字的起源、演变和结构，分析了现代汉字的部件和笔划。 [中图分类号]H02； H12 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1674-8174（2017）03-0088-02 外语教学与研究出版社在2017年3月出版了冯志伟和詹宏伟合著的Chinese Characters （《汉字》英文版）一书，笔者作为该书的作者之一，在此对这本用英文写的关于汉字的 书，向国际汉语教学界作一个简明的介绍。 1. 引言 文字是文化的重要组成部分，是极为珍贵的文化宝库。书写符号是文化的载体，是人类智慧的结晶，是人类文明的精华，是照耀人类进步的灿烂明珠。通过书面文字进行交际的能力是人类最值得关注的独有的能力。 目前，越来越多的外国学者和友人对中华文化和它的载体（汉字）产生了浓厚的兴趣，希望更全面、更深入地了解汉字，在汉语的国际教育中，正在学习汉语和将要学习汉语的学生们也希望了解汉字。该书用英文来介绍汉字的演变与结构的基本知识，希望有助于他们通过英文来了解汉字和中华文化，推动国际间的交流和对话。对于正在用英文讲授汉字的华文教师，该书也是一本方便实用的教学参考。 2. 全书主要内容 该书共10章，222页。 第1章讲述汉字的起源，介绍了汉字的萌芽形式（新石器时代的刻符）和汉字的雏形（陶器上的陶符），说明了文字符号和非文字符号之间的差别。 第2章讲述汉字形体的历史演变，分别介绍了甲骨文、金文、大篆、小篆、隶书、草书、楷书、行书的性质和特点。 第3至8章分别讲述汉字的六书，除了论述六书的理论之外，还列举了一些有代表性的汉字，就它们的构形原理举例进行了分析。对于大多数的汉字例子，都给出了它们的甲骨文、金文和小篆的字形；不过，对于学术界尚未定論的某些字形，为慎重起见，只好暂付阙如。