专八 Effective Note-taking

Effective Note-taking

The difficulty of taking notes:

Note-taking requires a high level of ability

due to the (1) of spoken language. (1) Ⅰ. Before taking notes:

A. Be sure of the (2) of yours and the speake r’s. (2)

B. Review relevant background materials if available.

Ⅱ.While taking notes:

A. Understand the new words by (3) the meanings from the context. (3)

B. Study carefully the (4) , which usually implies (4) the most important information.

C. Catch the speaker’s (5) through tone, gesture, repetition and (5) illustration on the board.

D. Pay attention to the speaker’s indirect signals t o indicate what is important,

like changes in speed or (6) . (6) E. While writing down the main points, develop a system of mechanics:

jotting down words or phrases; using shorthand, abbreviations and symbols;

leaving out (7) words. (7) F. While selecting words to write down, pick those having the (8) (8) information, like nouns, verbs or adjectives, and those indicating

the proceeding direction of the lecture, like (9) . (9) Ⅲ. After taking notes:

A. Review and reword them as soon as possible.

B. (10) notes with others to learn from them. (10)

听力notetaking

I. Mini-lecture Conversational Skills People who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease. 1. Skills to ask questions 1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer others’ questions regardless of ______being shy_1______ 2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions e.g. questions about one’s ___1st___2_job_____ questions about one’s activities in the ___morning___3______ 3) be able to spot signals for further talk 2. Skills to ____4_listen____ for answers 1) don’t shift from subject to subject --- sticking to the same subject; _____No subject change5_____ in conversation 2) listen to _____tone6_____ of voice --- If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject. 3) use eyes and ears --- steady your gaze while listening 3. Skills to laugh Effects of laughter: --- ______easing and comfort_7________ --- help start __conversation_____8_______ 4. Skills to part 1) importance: open up possibilities for further friendship or contact 2) Ways: --- men: a smile, a ____2nd hand squueze__9_____ --- women: same as ______10______ now --- how to express pleasure in meeting someone II. Conversation 1. Victoria has eventually decided to go on a _1________. A. fly-drive holiday B. car-trip C. two-city holiday D. conducted tour 2. At the Epcot Centre Victoria will _____3________. A. see aquatic displays

如何做口译笔记范文

如何做口译笔记范文 记笔记并不是把讲话者的原话一字不落地全部记下来。做交传笔记的目的不是用文字记录口头表达的话。翻译不是在做听写，也不能像读本科的学生那样记课堂笔记。本科学生的课堂笔记虽然忽略了很多东西，但还是用完整的句子记下了一些内容，可供以后查阅。译员记笔记也不像为某些会议做记录的速记员。速记员为了使自己的记录具有一定的真实性，要在记录中保留一定数量的原话。 一、口译笔记的性质 交传笔记是记忆的辅助手段，其作用是帮助译员把精神集中在讲话的内容上，并在翻译的时候起到提醒的作用。所谓对记忆的帮助，就像在手帕上打个结，提醒自己别忘了某件事一样，仅供个人使用。笔记只供在讲话之后的几分钟内使用。译员在听讲话的时候，主要靠脑子记，而不是靠笔记，笔记的目的不是再现讲话的原文，只是提示记忆。笔记只供个人使用，只能在当时唤起某种联想，几天之后，记笔记的本人也未必明白记的是什么了。换句话说，笔记从性质上具有个性特点，只在短时间内起作用。 埃德蒙?加里(1985)曾写文章说： 译员一边听会议代表讲话，一边在笔记本上简短记下几笔，所表示的不是声音(不是讲话者的原话)，而是意思。这是基本的原则，如果不这样做，那就不可能做好翻译。 所有的译员都会同意这种说法，但为了让学生明白这一点，我们还必须说明两点：第一，意思本身是无法记录的，我们能够记的，

只能是几个简单的词，或者符号，只能由这些词或符号向我们提示某个意思;第二，所有的讲话，从结构上说，都是用句法组织起来的表达意思的语音，以及一些指示固定事物的名称。 有些东西可以像代码一样从一种语言转到另一种语言，这些东西需要记在笔记中(虽然这一规则有例外)，而有的东西则根据每个人的性格、知识、思想方法等等的不同，需要选择一些标志性的符号，到时候这些符号会向我们提示某一段话的内容。 二、口译笔记记什么? 口译笔记到底应该记什么?首先就是要将听到的话语按照意思 记下来。 记意思 意思是讲话的组成部分，从数量上是笔记的主要内容。所谓记笔记，就是通过一个字符记住有关的意思，不管是什么样的字符(文字、符号、图形等等)，一个字符的提示作用，可以使人回想起一系列意思之间的联系。从这种意义上说，笔记所对应的不是按照语法规则组织起来的语音形式，笔记所代表的意思，可以用与讲话的原文不同的文字来表达。 笔记中还有表示各个意思之间的联系，比如因果、推论等等，以及各个意思之间的时间关系，这种联系和关系是意思表达的组成部分。 可以作为代码直接过渡到另一种语言(直译)的字词。

听力教程第二册unit2听力原文

Unit 2 Section One Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics-Stress, Intonation and Accent a . It's on top of the bookcase. b. With milk, please. c. At five past one. d. At five past on e. e. It's on top of the bookcase. f. With milk, please. Exercise: 1.f 2.c 3.e 4.b 5.a 6.d Part2 Listening and Note-taking Ralph Nader Ralph Nader is a man of few possessions. He owns very little and lives in a small apartment. He doesn't have a car or a TV set. He doesn't have many clothes and he doesn't care about money when he makes a lot of money, he gives it away. He doesn't smoke and he works from six in the morning until late at night, seven days a week: he is paying back to America his debt as a citizen. When he went to parties as a young man, people complained that all he talked about was the dangers of cars, and how bad car design caused the deaths of so many people each year. After he graduated from Harvard, he published an article entitled "Unsafe at Any Speed," which was about a car called Corvair. Later, he made a big attack on the car industry and showed how many deaths in car accidents were because of badly-made cars. He said new laws were needed to make cars safer. In 1966, because of Nader's work, a law was passed to make car safer. After this success, Nader became interested in something very different. This was the

Note-taking Template-学习英文笔记的写法

Note-taking sheet Bibliographic information Author: John Smith Title of the article: Green growth-Shoots, greens and leaves Year: 2012 Situation/main idea of the whole text Environment damage will be a brake on economical growth . Organisation of the whole article Problem and solution of conflict between prosperity and environment, evaluation of Green growth.

Green growth-Shoots, greens and leaves In the article”Green growth-Shoots, greens and leaves”,John Smith (2012) discuss the problems between economic growth and environment damage and suggest ways to balance them. The author claims that environment damage will be a brake on economical growth . First of all, the author points out the conflict between economic development and environment protection. John Smith (2012) states several problems that cause the conflict. The route-- ”grow first, clean up later ”, which can damage the environment seriously, is one of the problems. Also the author claims that the trade-off of cost to do the environment-friendly action and the rising cost to wait a clean-up after the environment damage are the significant problems. Meanwhile the author also suggests that the idea that environmental concerns are mainly for the rich is also the source of the conflict. Discussing the possible solution to relieve the conflict, the author states the “Green growth”can be a good choice to deal with it. John Smith suggests that paying for the environmental service is a traditional but effective idea to solve these problems .At the same time, the author highlights the way that green growth applies development-like features to environmentalism, which recommends fairly short-term projects, and the biggest gains are in things chosen by consumers. In addition to the problems and solution, the author also evaluates the solution to the problems. John Smith claims that there are improvements in two parts for the solution including what exist now and the demand in the past. The author suggests that green-growth accounting should be open and explicit. Also the author discusses the two reasons about why not so many companies rushing into green activities. One reason is that companies in activities are just at the beginning stage and another is that market-failures, co-ordination problems and government subsidies lead the companies not to choose green growth. Meanwhile, the author suggests that green growth should enhance the productivity and permit long-term growth. Also author doubts that it is unclear to see how far any policies rooted in improving efficiency can go without proper price. At the end of evaluation, the author points out that green growth needs to value accurately enough for companies to get proper accounts of cost and details. John Smith concludes that the countries which are encountering the sharpest conflict between growth and environmental protection can make their outcomes brighter through green growth.

听力教程第二版第二册unit3答案

Unit3 Section One Tactics for Listening

Part2 Listening and Note-taking A Territory When we talk about a territory, we mean a defended space. Animals have their territories, which they mark out with their personal scent. The scent is their territorial signal. Human beings have other territorial signals. There are three kinds of human territory, marked by different territorial signals. First, there are the Tribal Territories, which in modem terms are known as countries. Countries have a number of territorial signals. The borders are often guarded by soldiers and they usually have customs barriers, flags, and signs. Other signals of the tribal territory are uniforms and national anthems. These signals are important, because they warn the visitor that he is entering a foreign country and, while he is there, he must behave like a visitor. Second, there is the Family Territory, at the center of which is the bedroom. This is usually as far away as possible from the front door. Between the bedroom and the front door are the spaces where visitors are allowed to enter. People behave differently when they're in someone else's house. As soon as they come up the driveway or walk through the front door -- the first signals of family territory -- they are in an area which does not belong to them. They do not feel at home, because it is full of other people's belongings -- from the flowers in the garden to the chairs, tables, carpets, ornaments, and other things in the house. In the same way, when a family goes to the beach or to the park for a picnic, they mark out a small territory with towels, baskets, and other belongings; other families respect this, and try not to sit down right beside them. Finally, there is the Personal Territory. In public places, people

英译中笔记方法

英译中笔记方法 我历年的实践，发现学友们在学习口译上最大的难点在于笔记问题。因此我整理了一条实用的（E-C）英译中笔记方法，提供初涉口译的众学友学习。 首先，这里需要指出的是，大多数同学并没有意识到口译笔记的基本类型。在此为大家简述一番，其实口译笔记可以按照“源语和目标语”分为两类，在此以英语(论坛)和汉语为例。比如：“E-C”和“C-E”是两个不同的体系。（E-C即英译中；C-E即中译英）。 关于“C-E模式”的笔记，在中译英时口译者并没有听力上的挑战，所以在记录笔记时我们大都可从容应对；把握脉络、大意、关键词，并选择性的记录；而且还能保证主要意思都能记在脑中；即使没有系统训练过笔记法的学友，也可以通过强记和速写，把信息记全。 所以说，中高级口译考试时的“C-E模式”的句子或段落的笔记可以是挑选性的（selective）; 也可以做得“面面俱到”（every single point），而这时的要求就是你手写速度，清晰度（legibility）, 合理逻辑的布局和排列。 在这样的背景下，C-E模式的笔记体系就引入了大量的“符号”以简化速记的强度，提高速记的质量，使译者有更多的时间脑记。 比如这段符号：“中 e ↗+” 表示“中国经济的强劲增长。” 笔者纵观了各种专业课程、比较了热门的口译笔记法书籍，口译论坛和网站上的有关信息，发现对于这些“符号”并没有一个有明确的、规范的统一写法。完全是不同专家和从业者的各种个性化的笔记，加上一些共性的元素。比如：“全球”这个概念, 有时会写“w”；有时也写成“⊙” 。写法各异，但都属于认知常识范畴。 对于这一情况，我也反复告诫学友，口译上常见的表达和词汇，要用符号，因为用熟悉的“固定符号”更加容易想象到这些信息，所以大家就得掌握熟记这些符号，这样才可以在考试中赢得更多翻译和口译的时间。

英语口译教程

李天舒 主审：冯伟年 编委李天舒朱益平李艳李淑侠赵晓铃 张春娟张录侠何华李超慧宋美盈 世界图书出版公司2003 年出版定价：15 元 本教材出版后已作为英语系2001 级，辅修班2002 级，专升本2001 级学生口译课教材。 ： 1．题材广泛，内容丰富，实用性强。本教材以我国对外交流与合作及口译工作的实际为出发 点，集口译理论、技巧和实践为一体。内容主要包括口译的基本理论、方法和技巧，涉外工作的礼仪 和程序等，重点是口译工作所涉及的各种话题的英汉互译。这些专题材料主要选自国内外中英文报 刊和有关网站的最新资料。题材广泛，内容丰富、涵盖了我国对外交流中可能涉及到的各种话题，旨 在通过大量的英汉互译实践，使学生掌握口译的基本理论和技巧。 2．英译汉、汉译英并重，双向训练同步进行。口译教学不同于书面翻译教学，可采取英译汉、 汉译英分阶段进行。口头交际是一种双向交际活动；口译通常是在两种语言连续交替转换模式中进 行。因此，口译教学采取英汉互译，双向训练同步进行为好。本教材的总体框架就是根据这一原则设 计和编写的。口译实践是全书的主体部分 本教材分两大部分，十八个单元。第一部分三个单元。第一单元着重介绍口译的基本理论，包括 口译的产生、发展、特点、标准、类型、过程及口译人员的基本素质要求等。第二、三单元集中介绍口译 的一些基本方法和技巧，包括直译法、反译法、意译法、增减译法、口译笔记及各种数字的口译及习语、 引语的口译。另外，第二、三单元在介绍了每一种口译技巧之后都附有相应的英汉互译练习及练习参 考答案。在使用本教材时，教师可根据教材顺序，集中一段时间进行口译理论和技巧教学，着重对 学生进行单项口译技巧训练，使他们通过口译实践尽快掌握口译的基本理论、方法和技巧，闯过口 译中经常遇到的几个难点，为在后面的专题口译训练中能灵活机动、综合运用各种口译技巧，顺利 进行英汉互译打好基础。

施心远主编《听力教程》1-(第2版)Unit-12听力原文和答案

施心远主编《听力教程》1-(第2版)Unit-12听力原文和答案

Unit 12 Section One Tactics for Listening Part 1 Phonetics Exercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions. [Sound of busy street] Jeff: Hi, Carl, (I) What’s up? Carl: Hey, Jeff. We're (2) on our way to see that new comedy Running From the Mob. Want to (3) go with us? Jeff: I (4) hear it's really funny. Carl: Yeah, it's got a lot of good (5) people in it. Should be great. Let's go. Jeff: Ah, I (6) wish I could, but I've got to study. Carl: Well, maybe next time. You're (7) missing a good thing. Jeff: I know. (8) Got to go. See you. Carl: Bye. Part 2 Listening and Note-Taking TAPESCRIPT Exercise: Complete the passages as you listen to it. The (1) first thing I do at the office is to (2) open all the boss’s letters,

口译笔记常用符号

4.3.2 口译笔记常用符号 在学会了对原语进行逻辑和思维路线再现之后，用适当的符号替换逻辑或者思维再现图中的部分文字，实际上就是口译笔记了，当然在真实的口译实践中，笔记还可以更进一步地简化。相当多的口译初学者觉得口译员使用的符号很神秘，看起来像天书一样，进而“神话”口译员的工作。其实口译员使用的符号主要来自于原语、译入语，小部分借用了速记符号。现在我们看看口译员常用的符号来源： 4.3.2.1 汉字、汉字偏旁部首、古汉语、简化汉字、拼音 大university, adult, generous, open-minded, large-size… 中middle school, medium-sized, intermediate, in the middle of, neutral,… 小primary (elementary), kid, children, mean, petty,… 凝聚ningju或者nju 饕餮taotie或者ttie “戈”可以用来代替“武器” 偏旁部首举例： 简化汉字举例： 4.3.2.2 英语、英语字母 英语单词的缩写规律：保留单词的辅音，去除元音，当然首字母是元音必须保留。一般保留三至五个辅音就可以帮助回忆整个单词，例如： impoverishment: impvr

debility: dblt rejuvenate: rjvn department: dpt standard: std reference: rfr 口译学习者还需要记住常用国际组织、专用名词、国家名及其首都名的缩写，例如： UN, UNESCO, NATO, APEC, OPEC, … Intellectual property protection: IPP NK, SK, CN, US, UK… 口译学习者还可以自己开动脑筋，充分发挥自己的创造性和想象力，开发出简介实用的笔记符号，下面以英文大写字母为例，看看如何创造性地在笔记中使用这些大写字母： A: first, top, excellent, extraordinary, outstanding, remarkable, unusual E: eyesight, economy, economic, economical, electronic, East F: failure, false, wrong, not true, full, flag G: government, God H: health, help, support, connect, bridge, cross, Hour I: I / we, my (our) party, eye L: long, lengthen, prolong M: money, mail, mother, mountain, movement, McDonald, man, May, Member (ship), mm… N: nose, nation, name, nothing, no, negation, deny, need, necessary, North O: zero, circle, old, orange, our, one, empty, world, all, success, complete P: pm, peace, park, pay, politics, people, perfect, president, prime minister, head, flagship Q: quality, quantity, quarter, question, cute, balloon, head, suspect, doubt, unknown, difficulty R: respect, representative, request, about, relations, return S: smile, snake, turns and twists, society, social, silence, curve, slim T: time, tea, cross-disciplinary, compound, T-shirt, T-stage, disagreement, dispute, disapproval U: you (your party), pitfall, trap, recycle, cycle, return, valley V: victory, triumph, vs, valley, bottom, tip W: west, western, wave, fluctuate, ups and downs X: X-ray, XL, wrong, negation, cross, times, execute, kill Y: why, year, yes, approve, agree, young, deviate, tree, servant Z: zero, zoo, last, zigzag, turns and twists, dream, sleep (comic strip) 从以上例子可以看出，我们可以从拼写、发音以及字母的结构等方面来进行联想，在笔记中创造性地使用这些符号。 4.3.2.3 箭头 箭头在口译笔记中的使用可以毫不夸张地说“占了半壁江山”，首先动词的位置往往由右箭头代替。下面看看箭头的用法：

英语口译技巧

尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的，同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号，同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思，但是通行的原则还是存在的，活用这些原则，那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼…… 在听力活动中，笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。 对于专业的口译译员来说，口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系，还原具体信息细节。 在听力练习当中，题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现，由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来，造成了信息模糊、信息丢失，以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷，掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法，你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”，对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义，可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。 英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关（五大支柱），听懂是做笔记的前提条件，如果听都没有听懂，又怎么可能去记？再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。 下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧： 1、不要大量记录文字（汉字、单词） ——而要使用符号来表示意思（缩写、图形） Eg：“powerful country”记作“强口”， “我同意”记作“I√ ”； “观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”， “economic development”记作“经↑” ↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等” ↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”； ↗表示“缓慢上升，缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”； ←表示“返回，倒退等”; →表示“达到，至，导致，前进等”； +表示“加，增加，此外，另外，又加之”； —表示“减少，减”； ＞表示“多于，大于，强于”； ＜表示“少于，小于，不如”； ∵表示“因为，由于”； ∴表示“所以，因此”； =表示“等于，相同，与……相同”。 t表示thousand; m表示million; b表示 billion; 1st表示first。 2、不要横着写：

英语口译笔记方法(3)

口译中的笔记 一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如 IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。熟练掌握缩略词，大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： 拿掉所有元音 MKT:market MGR:manager MSG:message STD:standard RCV:receive 保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU I/O In stead of 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 根据发音 R are

THO though THRU through 口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned

英语口译笔记

口译课堂PPT What’s interpretation? “Interpretation is a communication process, designed to reveal meanings and relationships of our cultural and natural heritage- Interpretation Canada It should be stressed that interpretive communication is not simply presenting information, but a specific communication strategy that is used to translate that information for people, from the technical language of the expert, to the everyday language of the visitor. The classification of interpretation 1.Working characteristics: Consecutive interpretation 即席翻译 Simultaneous interpretation 同声传译 2.Different domains: politics、social、law、culture、diplomatic etc. The basic requirements of interpretation 1.Listening&speaking competence 2.Translation competence （vocabulary, grammar, sentence, pattern, etc.） 3.Connection: smart response ability through hard training The process of interpretation Interpret (processing of information) 解译 The standards of interpretation 1.“accuracy” is the cornerstone of interpretation 2.“smoothness” is the life of interpretation 3.“Fluency” is the sign of good quality Professional codes of conduct for interpretation Each profession has its generally accepted codes of conduct and professional ethics, and so do interpreters. The interpreter must know his professional ethics well and abide by them for the fulfillment of a successful career in interpreting. The highest standards of international interpreting mean that the interpreter is always professional, keeps confident, is objective, does not interfere with the exchange of information, and has the respect and trust of both parties in the dialogue. The highest praise for the personal

note-taking之速记符号

常用速记符号 1．保留大写字母或第一个音节Agriculture------A Business -------- B Culture ---------- C C×-- Conflict, Confrontation Economy-----Eco Education -- Edu Industry -- I Science & Technology -- ST Politics------P Work, Employ --W ⊙会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，workshop(UK), discussion，symposium ○国家，民族，领土country, state, nation, territory, etc. →○进口：import ○→出口: export J 开心，满意: pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, satisfied, etc. L不满、生气: angry, sad,unsatisfied, discomfort, sorrowful, irritated, etc. K 漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc. ↑增长、进步increase, soar, mushroom, rocket, make progress, ascend… ↓下降、退步、恶化decrease, sink, slide, subside, plump, plunge, drop, degrade, deteriorate, descend… ←来自于be from/ come from, receive from…,追溯到go back to, date back to… →导致、引导lead to, result in, in the direction of, cause…,到达、传达go into, send to, arrive at, present to, return to…,变成turn to/into, change into, become… ! 重点key point ☆重要的important，exemplary（模范的）best，outstanding，brilliant，etc. ?属于belong to, be element of, be part of + 多many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++ / +2 "多"的比较级：more +3 “多”的最高级：the most －少: lack ,in short of, be in shortage of ... 备注：－2 －3 ×错误、失误、坏：notorious，negative, etc. √好的: right/good，famous/well-known，etc.同意: stand up for，support, certain/ affirmative, etc ＞多于、好于：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than…，超过：superior to，surpass, etc. < 少于: 不如…：inferior to，lower than, etc. = 同等means, that’s to say, in other words, the same as, be equal to，对手 a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.≈/～ 大约about, around, nearly, almost, similar to, approximately, etc. ≠不同：be different from, differ from, distinct,etc.，无敌, 独一无二unique，special，matchless, peerless, ,etc. ( ) 在......之间among, within, between, etc. 大约about/around，or so，approximately, etc. ∵因为because, due to, atribute to… ∴所以so, thus, therefore, as a result, contribute to… / 否定;消除,消除cross out, eliminate, clear, etc. ∥结束end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop… ∧转折but, however, yet, though… & 和, 与together with，along with，accompany… ：主观的想法和说辞：marks, announce, comment，declare; think, consider, wish, hope重复，重申 ：2 Repeat, reaffirm ，声明，支持，称赞+： support，stand by，praise, acclaim; commend －：谴责，批评 accuse，condemn; blame; censure; denounce，criticize