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翻译硕士(MTI)英语常考题关于近义词词汇辨析的资料放送

翻译硕士(MTI)英语常考题关于近义词词汇辨析的资料放送
翻译硕士(MTI)英语常考题关于近义词词汇辨析的资料放送

翻译硕士(MTI)英语常考题关于近义词词汇辨析的资料放送

翻译硕士(MTI)考研备考必备关于词汇辨析的整理。

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。

ambiguous a.意义含糊的,有歧义的,指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.

他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。

obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.

艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解,因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。

vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意义,用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚,该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.

他大概知道他要做什么,但没有具体的计划。

unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚,使人难以看懂;不肯定的。

Unclear writing is difficult to understand.

模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。

It is unclear whether the economy will get better.

经济是否好转仍不明朗。

dim a.光线暗淡的,看不清的;记忆力模糊的;不大可能的。

Don't work in dim light.

不要在昏暗的光线下工作。

His changes of recovery from illness are dim.

他康复的可能性十分渺茫

allocate, separate, detach, divide

allocate, separate, detach, divide这一组动词都有“分开”的意思。

allocate v.分配,把……拨给。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.

市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。

separate v.人为地分开,使隔离开。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.

我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。

detach v.拆开组合的物体;远离,疏远。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.

我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。

divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.

这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。

You can divide this between you.

这个你们可以两人平分。

Divide the cake with your brother.

和你兄弟分吃这块饼。

Divide it in half.

把它分成两半。

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有“减少,减轻”的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻,缓和

The painkiller alleviated the pain.

止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗,在数量方面缓慢减少,也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.

由于战争石油的供应减少了。

reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.

他缩减了他们的开销。

decrease v.指数量上的减少;力量或者强度的减弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.

去年人口数量急剧下降。

decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降;谢绝,婉言推辞;衰退,衰落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.

去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。

He declined our invitation to dinner.

他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。

alive, live, living, lively

alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟“活”有关。

alive a.活着的,有活力的,常作表语,作定语时必须后置。

After the accident, he was barely alive.

交通事故后,他奄奄一息。

all man alive 所有活着的人

live a.活的,有活力的,现场直播的,

We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.

我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。

living a.活着的,作定语可前可后,可修饰人也可修饰物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?

谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家?

living room 起居室

lively a.活泼的,栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.

她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘,总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

alert, cautious, considerate

alert, cautious, considerate这一组形容词都表示“小心的,谨慎的”。

alert a.警惕的,留神的。

The hostess remained standing, alert to every guest's drinking need.

女主人一直站在旁边,时刻准备给大家斟酒。

cautious a.细心的,谨慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.

在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。

considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的。

He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.

他总是很体谅他人,并且慈祥而富有同情心。

Since not everybody is so considerate, do what you can to stay healthy.

鉴于不是每个人都这么体贴,你要做任何可以让自己保持健康的事情。

He expressed gratitude to the King for his warm reception and considerate arrangement.

他对国王陛下的热情款待和周到安排表示衷心感谢。

You have a choice in how you behave towards others. You can be generous, considerate and caring to the people around you or you can be selfish, self centered and always put your own interests first.

你可以选择如何对待别人.你可以是慷慨的,周到的和关怀的对待你周围的人,也可以是自私的,自我为中心的,并且常常把自己的兴趣放在首位.

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有“加强”的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等),使之恶化。

I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.

我的脚受伤了,而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce v.增援,一般用于军队或警察的行动;(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.

一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行,用无线电话要求增援。

increase v.指数量上的增加。

The number of people has been increased.

人数增加了。

strengthen v.加强,巩固,增强,相当于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.

每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.

人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈,加剧,相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors

加深色彩

intensify hatred

加深仇恨

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有“声称”的意思。

affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称,是deny的反义词。

He affirmed his love for her.

他发誓爱她。

assert v.指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称,或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。

She asserted that she was innocent.

她宣称自己是无辜的。

allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。

The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.

嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v.要求,声称,断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.

他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话,闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v.宣布,宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度,常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.

印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v.宣布;宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断,尤其指重大事件的宣布,多用于官方场合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.

当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

affiliate, link, attach, append

affiliate, link, attach, append这一组动词都有“附加”的意思。

affiliate v.加入,成为……一部分。

an affiliated middle school

一所附属中学

link v.将人或物连接起来。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.

群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。

attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.

我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。

append v.增加,附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.

律师在合同后又附加了两页。

Then type up to 1500 characters to append to your forum posts, and click Update.

最多可以输入1500 个字符来附加到论坛帖子中,然后单击更新。

Then take the top 10 searches, create HTML for each search, and append them to an ordered list.

然后对于前10 个搜索,为每个搜索创建HTML,并将它们附加到一个排好序的列表。Implementations generally append context to the application message at the source in order to establish the execution environment at the target.

实现一般会在源代码中将上下文附加在应用程序消息后面,以在目标处建立执行环境。

admit, confess, concede

admit, confess, concede这几个动词都有“承认”的意思。

admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认”某一事实或过错。

I admit that you have a point. 我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等),含有“坦白、招认”的意思。

He confessed his crimes to the judge. 他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误,但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认,还可以指“以退为进”的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.

造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

In fact, why should we concede them at all?

实际上,我们为什么要让步呢?

The government might do better to concede this one.

政府这次可能要做出更大让步。

If we are serious about coexisting with other species, we have to concede them territory.

如果我们确实希望与其它物种共存,我们必须给予他们领土。

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary这九个动词都含有“调整、改变”的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool. 我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节,

使之准确工作或运行;多含有“控制”之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic. 红绿灯被用来管制交通。

rectify v.纠正,校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

amend v. (正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs. 政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途,还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971. 英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。He's converted to Catholicism. 他已经皈依天主教。

alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.

.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

modify v.改变,修改,以使某物更趋完善,还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.

他粗声大气,脾气暴躁;朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

transform v.指彻底、深远的改变,这种变化完全改变了外观或特性,使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

Remodeling transformed an old, dark houses into so cheerful one.

重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。

vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

Air fares vary from one airline to another. 航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

acute, critical, crucial, urgent

acute, critical, crucial, urgent这一组形容词都有“严重的,重要的”意思。

acute a.剧烈的,严重的;急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.

食品严重缺乏,伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

critical a.意为“关键的”,表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点,与crucial相似。

与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指“批判性的,分析性的”。

It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.

为了考好你必须用功学习,否则你会不及格的。

crucial a.意为“决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的”,最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent a.意为“紧迫的,急迫的,紧要的”,它不强调所指的问题是最重要的,仅强调“紧急的”状态。

We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.

我们急需要帮助,我们的水就快要用光了。

He was urgent in his demands.

他的要求很迫切。

Some urgent business took me away from Shanghai.

有些紧急事务使我离开上海。

How fast can you post to the port with this urgent message?

你带着这份紧急信件能有多快通过驿站到达港口?

acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

这一组动词都有“获得,取得”的意思,在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等,也可用于对财物等的获得,该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

正是通过学习,个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。

attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果;也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month. 这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得,买到,用于正式语体中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan. 他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。

gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处;亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value. 投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。

earn v.挣得,赢得,指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

How much do you earn a week? 你一星期挣多少钱?

achieve v.得到,获得,多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth. 这个影星取得了成功和财富。

secure v.得到;把……拿到手,含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意;使安全,保卫;

作形容词比较常见,意为“安全的”。

A million signatures have been secured. 已征集到了100万人的签名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night. 他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

accuse, charge

accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉,指控”之意,但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控,控诉,与介词of连用。

The police accused him of theft.

警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。

Perhaps, because there is simply nothing to accuse him of?

或许,其实只是因为没有名目可以用来指控他?

I had no one to point at . Certainly not my parents, because I had nothing to accuse them of.

我没有可以指责的人。当然不会是我们的父母,因为我对他们没什么可谴责的。

We accuse China of selling us cheap this and cheap that, and most of all, we are angry at China for selling us its cheap currency, called renminbi, or yuan.

我们指责中国向我们出售这个或那个廉价商品,最重要的是,我们对中国向我们出售廉价货币(人民币或元)而感到气愤。

charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备,也指因违法而受到控告,与介词with连用。

The police charged him with murder.

警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。

She had to retract her charge.

她只好撤回她的控告。

He denied the charge to the court.

他向法庭否认对他的控告。

They do not charge at all for their services.

他们的服务概不收费。

accomplishment, attainment, achievement

accomplishment, attainment, achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功,成就;才艺,修养。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.

对于登山运动员来说,爬上了那座山就是成功。

Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.

画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。

attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数);达到,到达。

a scholar of the highest attainments

造诣极高的学者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”,与accomplishment是同义词。He rated the achievement high.

他高度评价了这一成就。

This achievement is surely unprecedented.

这成就确实是空前的。

The scientist thirsts after an achievement.

这名科学家渴望取得成就。

access, assess

access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。

access n.接近,进入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.

住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。

So how do you access it?

那么如何访问连接池?

You can turn on and off access to any of these groups.

您可以打开或关闭对任何这些组的访问。

Regardless of where we are and what we are doing, we want access to our data.

不管我们身在何处、在做什么,我们都想要访问到我们的数据。

assess v.评估(财产,价值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.

我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。

If so, how do we assess it?

如果是,我们如何评价它?

They assess his house at 15000 yuan.

他们给他房子的估价为15000元。

How do you assess that?

那你该怎么评估收益?

accent, tone, dialect

accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近,容易混淆。

accent n.口音,指某一地区语言的发音特征;重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.

他讲英语带有西班牙口音。

tone n.语气,音调,指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。

He speaks to his baby in soft tones.

他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。

dialect n.方言,土语,地方话,指一个地区人们所使用的语言。

the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言

the Sichuan dialect四川方言

Is it a dialect?

它是一种方言吗?

Cockney is the colourful dialect spoken in the East End of London.

伦敦方言是在伦敦东区讲的颇有特色的地方语。

In some way, I agree with you that Singlish is like a dialect because we tend to mix our spoken English with some other languages.

在某种程度上,我同意你说的新加坡英语像一种方言,因为我们趋向于把我们所说的英语和一些其他语言混合起来。

abundant, plentiful

abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a. (数量)充足的,常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等,含有“过多”之意。

Our country is abundant in minerals.

我国矿产非常丰富。

Our country has a vast territory and abundant resources.

我国土地辽阔,资源丰富。

In particular, it should not export capital to capital-abundant countries like the US.

特别是,它不应该把资本输出到像美国那样资本充裕的国家。

Oil is in abundant supply in this country.

这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的,充足的,常用于食物、收获、财产等,不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.

现在鸡蛋很多。

The pigs battened on the plentiful fodder.

那些猪饲料充足,吃得膘肥体壮。

This is because, even were it not cheap and plentiful, gas would be attractive simply on the grounds of cleanliness.

这是因为即使天然气还不够廉价和丰富,它也会仅由于“清洁”的特点而具备强大吸引力。If a fisherman sold the squid processors a proportion of his expected catch a year ahead and squid turned out to be plentiful, he would do well.

如果一个渔民出售了鱿鱼加工机,他下一年的预期捕获物比例和捕获鱿鱼将是丰富的,他将做的很好。

absurd, ridiculous, silly

absurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢,可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒谬的,可笑的,指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。

There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.

过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。

ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的,指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄,含有蔑视成分。

It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.

仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。

silly a.愚蠢的,傻的,指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。

a silly little boy 傻小子

How can you explain such a silly remark?

你怎能解释这样一个愚蠢的意见?

He's been plaguing me with silly questions all day!

他整天老是拿愚蠢的问题来烦我!

This short novel was stuffed out with silly conversation.

这部短篇小说用无聊的对话拉得很长。

abstract, digest, outline, summary

abstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点,摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要,摘要,尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。

I have read the abstract of his book.

我已经读了他的书的概要。

digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要,文摘,它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释,浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。

Reader's Digest《读者文摘》

outline n.要点,大纲,概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk

她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。

Summary n.总结,摘要,指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点,不考虑原文的风格。

His summary prosifies the poem.

他的摘要把诗散文化了。

As you can see, these requirements are not in the same summary task or deliverable.

正如您所看到的,这些需求并不在同一个概要任务或者交付中。

If you have verification points, summary information for those tests will be shown here, as well as in Figure 30.

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct这一组形容词都有“明显的”之意。

apparent a.明显的,显而易见的,尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。

He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.

他很不高兴,显然他现在想走了。

evident a.明白的,明显的,与apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。

It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.

显然他是有罪的,在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。

manifest a.清楚的,明显的,多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义,常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.

她才能出众,但长相并不动人。

obvious a.明显的,显而易见的,含有无可辩白,不需证明之意。

It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.

很显然,那个妇女酒喝的太多了。

distinct a.清楚的,明显的;不同的,独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。

Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.

治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转

applaud, clap, commend, praise

applaud, clap, commend, praise的区别

applaud v.鼓掌,赞扬,指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许,大声叫好或热烈鼓掌

The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.

老板表扬了我的工作,对我的努力表示赞许。

clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。

clap sb. 为某人鼓掌

clap sth. 拍打某物

commend v.为正式用词,用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖,通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。

The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.

老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。

praise v.为一般用词,用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕;赞颂,赞美。

A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.

一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。

Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.

坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。

area, district, region, vicinity, zone

area, district, region, vicinity, zone这一组名词都有“区域”的意思。

area n.泛指面积较大的地区;面积;专业领域。

The New York area has high rents.

纽约地区房租很高。

district n.行政区划的小范围地区。

如Xicheng district北京西城区

region n.行政区划上更大的地区,如“自治区”;身体部位。

The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.

美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。

vicinity n.周围地区,附近地区。

The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.

警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。

zone n.指特定的地方、地带。

The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.

市政府通过法律,在一些空地上开辟商业区。

Then we add the picture to the "trash" zone.

然后,把这个照片添加到“垃圾”区中。

They circumnavigated the danger zone and speeded along.

他们绕过危险地带疾驶而去。

Find something that takes you out of your comfort zone or that you love to do.

找到一些把你带离舒适区域的事或你热爱去做的事。

assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium

assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium这一组名词都表示“会议”的意思。

assembly n.集合,集会。

The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n. (专门性的)会议,讨论会。

The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva

a.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。

congress n.代表大会,(美国的)国会。

Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.

美国国会通过的法律,人民一定要遵守。

rally n. (鼓舞士气的)集会;群众性集会。

The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.

足球教练召开了一个动员会,以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。

seminar n. (大学的)研究班,研讨会。

During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.

暑假里,一些教师在学院里参加研究班。

session n. (一届)会议,回合。

the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议

summit n.最高级会议,峰会(通常为领导人参加)。

Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.

明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。

symposium n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会,专题报告会。

The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.

非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。

assessment, estimate, evaluation

assessment, estimate, evaluation这一组名词都有“评估”的意思。

assessment n.评估,估价,常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。

We have a low assessment on our property.

我们对我们的资产评估很低。

But how do you really know what exists unless you do an in-depth assessment?

但是,除非您进行深入评估,否则如何真正了解存在什么内容呢?

Rational, unemotional, self assessment should tell us whether or not we have the skills and ability to do something.

理性的不参杂感情的自我评价应该能告诉我们自己是否有能力和技巧去做些什么。

Every couple goes through a stage of assessment as you figure out if you want to be together: Do you want to live together?

每对伴侣都会经历一个评估阶段,以决定是否想和身边人在一起的时候:你确认想一起生活吗?

estimate n.估计,强调进行评估得出的结果,常与动词give搭配。

The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car. 机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。

evaluation n. (对于能力,价值、工作业绩的)评价,估价,常带有肯定的、正确的含义。

He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.

他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。

Evaluation: What do you have?

评估:您有什么?

How will this affect your next performance evaluation?

这将如何影响您下一步的性能评价?

If the operators all have the same precedence, then the order of evaluation depends on their associativity.

如果所有操作符优先级一样,那么求值顺序就取决于它们的结合性。

associate, ally, combine, unite

associate, ally, combine, unite这一组词都有“联合”的意思。

associate v.交往,结交;联系,联想。多指平等友好的合作,后接with,表示与某人交往或合作,后接in表示在某个方面合作。

We associate with our neighbors at church.

在教堂里,我们同邻居交往。

ally v.使结盟,使联姻,多与with搭配。

Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.

几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。

Another ally can do this but not that.

另一个盟国能这样、又不能那样做。

He has also proved, far beyond the call of duty, his affection for the US and his loyalty as an ally. 他同时也证明了,他对美国的热爱和作为一个盟友的忠贞,都远远超过了职责要求。

I hesitate to even mention this because I believe in the power of one, but you can find an ally to help.

我很犹豫是否提到这个,因为我相信个体的力量。但是你可以找一个同盟者来帮忙。combine v.联合,化合,混合,多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。

The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.

小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。

unite v.联合,合并,团结,尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体,强调结果的一致性。

The nation united against its enemy.

国民团结一致共同对敌。

average, common, general, universal, usual

average, common, general, universal, usual这一组形容词都有“普通”的意思。

average a.普通的,一般的,它强调的是一般水准或普通水准;通常在有数字出现的情况下,表示“平均的”。

The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.

跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。

common a.常见的,普通的,不足为奇的,有时引申为“平凡的”,强调事物的共同性。另外,它还有“公共的,共同的”之意。

Car accidents are a common occurrence.

交通事故是很普通的事件。

general a.普通的,一般的,表示涉及到各方面,强调整体性而非个别和例外,该词的反义词为particular。

In general, the economy is doing well now.

总的来说,现在的经济形式还不错。

universal a.普遍的,比general语气更强,有“全然没有例外”的意思。

Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.

贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。

usual a.通常的,惯常的,强调“习惯性的,符合规章制度的”,是个一般用语。

award, reward

award, reward的用法

award v.指正式地或官方地颁发,授予,给予;也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.

学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。

This new invention won the highest award.

这项新发明获得最高奖。

However, I do not want to sound like a Hollywood actor accepting an award.

然而,我不想听起来像一个正在接受奖项的好莱坞演员。

It is the custom of this academy to make an annual award for outstanding researchers in chemistry. 每年向杰出的化学研究人员发奖是这个学会的惯例。

reward v.酬劳,奖赏,回报,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢,其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。

I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.

我将出50美元,酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。

He made promises of a large reward.

他许下要给大报酬的诺言。

How can I reward you for your kindness?

我怎样才能报答你的好意呢?

They reinforced good behaviour with some kind of reward to direct a child's pattern of behaviour. 他们以某种奖赏鼓励好的行为来指导孩子的行为模式。

aware, conscious

aware, conscious的用法

aware a.知道的,意识到的,强调感官对外界事物的意识。

He was aware of his mistake.

他意识到自己的错误。

Yon can only humbug those who are not aware of your tricks.

你只能欺骗还不清楚你的伎俩的那些人。

And we have to be aware of that, and not let it control us.

我们必须意识到这一点,而不是让它控制我们。

I need not press the urgency of the matter on you, as I konw you are fully aware of it yourselves.

我无需向你们强调此事的急迫性,因为我知道,你们自己对此完全了解。

conscious a.有意识的,意识到的,一般指内心所意识到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.

销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。

Or, should I say, a more conscious version of me.

不然,我应该说,我有了一种更清醒的认识。

Except for the difference that he is conscious, and that is why he is absurd.

但是不同的是,他是有意识的,这是他为什么荒谬的原因。

They may not be conscious of it though, so their comments come across as complaints rather than requests.

他们也许自己都没意识到,所以他们的意见听起来更像抱怨而不是请求。

base, foundation, ground

base, foundation, ground这一组名词都有“基础”的意思。

base n.指具体的有形的基础,也可指物体的底部、基部;基地,总部。

They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.

他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。

foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基,含有坚实的基础的意思;基金会。

The foundation for our house is made of cement.

我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。

ground n.地面,土地,也指地域,水底,海底。

A snake wormed on the wet ground.

一条蛇在潮湿的地上慢慢爬行。

The crane lifted the heavy stone from the ground.

起重机把沉重的石头从地上吊了起来。

I heaved him up and then put him down on the ground lightly.

我奋力把他举了起来,然后又把他轻轻地放到了地上。

basic, elementary, fundamental

basic, elementary, fundamental的用法

basic a.基本的,基础的,既可用于具体事物,也可用于抽象事物。

He has a basic understanding of the problem.

他对问题有基本的了解。

elementary a.初步的,初级的。

elementary school小学

With a funny rate that contains all the elementary rate constants as part of it.

一个有趣的速率包含所有基本的速率常数,作为它的一部分。

My little sister, Becky, was born that year, and I started Year One at Winston Elementary, near the military base.

我的妹妹,贝琪,在那年出生了,而我则开始在离军方基地不远的温斯顿小学上一年级。All this is so elementary that one would blush to state it if it were not being constantly forgotten by those who coin and circulate the new slogans.

所有这些实在是太基本了,如果不是因为那些杜撰和传播新口号的人一再忘记这些的话,在这里都不好意思再提。

fundamental a.根本性的,一般只用于抽象的事物;必要的,必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.

诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。

We should direct our attention at the fundamental question.

我们应把注意力集中在这个基本问题。

This decision represents the fundamental interests of the people.

这个决定反映了广大人民的根本利益。

Independence and sovereign equality among states is a fundamental principle of international law. 国家的独立和主权平等,是国际法上的一项根本原则。

beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer

beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer这一组都有“笑”的意思,而它们之间的差别也是明显的。

beam v.本义指照耀,放光,引申为“微笑”,是正式用语,指面带喜悦或笑容,暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。

She beamed with happiness.

她高兴得眉开眼笑。

chuckle v. (书面语)吃吃的笑,抿嘴笑,轻声笑,多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.

她没有笑出声来,只是抿嘴而笑。

giggle v.咯咯地笑,痴笑,傻笑,多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walked into their classroom.

当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时,女生们都咯咯地笑起来。

grin v.露齿而笑,指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。

He grinned at his mother.

他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。

jeer v.讥笑,嘲笑,其同义词是mock。

The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.

当那个拳手被人打倒时,人群开始嘲笑他。

laugh v.笑,大笑,用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。

roar v.怒吼,咆哮,引申为放声大笑,哄堂大笑。

He roared when he heard the joke.

听完这个笑话,他哈哈大笑。

sneer v.冷笑,嘲笑,指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。

He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.

他对报价嗤之以鼻,说它太低了。

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex这一组词都有“迷惑”的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑,使茫然,强调非常困惑,通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱,语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.

他没有得到事先警告就被开除了,完全不明白是什么原因。

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.

当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候,他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。puzzle v.使迷惑,感到不解,强调不理解或解决不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.

沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。

confuse v.一般用语,使混乱,使糊涂,强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.

他发错了报告,因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。

embarrass v.使窘迫,使为难,使困惑,有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。

Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.

她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型,使她感到难堪。

perplex v.使杂乱,使疑虑,使不安。

The new tax laws perplex me.

新税收法律使我很费解。

blame, condemn, reproach, scold

blame, condemn, reproach, scold这一组动词都有“责怪”的意思。

blame v.责怪,把……归咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.

万一你考试不及格,你不能怪罪任何人。

condemn v.谴责,用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。

The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.

妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。

reproach v. (书面语)责备,表示不满。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.

老师责备他不做作业。

Do not reproach yourself, it was not your fault.

不要责备你自己,这不是你的过错。

I have nothing either to hope or fear, and nothing to reproach him with.

我既没有什么奢望,也没有什么担心,更没有什么要责备他的地方。

Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.

这样,我们也当出到营外就了他去,忍受他所受的凌辱。

scold v.责骂,训斥。

Don't scold him; it is not his fault.

不要骂他,这不是他的错。

He's too angry to hold on to himself not to scold.

他太生气了,甚至控制不住自己大骂了起来。

Don't take any notice of the boy. If you scold him, he'll only start acting up.

不要理那孩子,你要是责骂他,他反倒会开始调皮捣蛋。

blunder, error, mistake

blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示“错误”。

blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错,愚蠢的错误。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.

这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过,我感觉到犯了一个大错。

But he made an awful blunder.

但他犯了一个糟糕的大错误。

And in Brazil there is always the possibility of a scandal or blunder.

而且,巴西一直存在发生丑闻或捅出大漏子的可能性。

Sadly, we are still living with the consequences of that moral and strategic blunder.

可悲的是,我们仍然要容忍那些道德和战略大错的后果。

error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误,也可指智力或道义上的错误。

The accident was the result of human error.

这事故是人为的错误造成的。

How can she explain away her error?

她是怎样把错误解释过去的?

The accident was caused by human error.

这一事故是人为错误造成的。

The lawyer parted error from crime for him in court.

在法庭上律师把他的错误与罪行区分开来。

mistake n.误会,误解;(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.

我错拿了你的手提包。

She blasted to make him admit his mistake.

她激烈批评使他承认自己的错误。

He compounded his mistake by arguing with the teacher.

他与老师争吵就更加重了他的错误。

One should not plead inexperience in excuse of his mistake.

一个人不应该借口缺乏经验来为其错误辩解。

brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid

brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid这一组形容词都有“弱”的意思。

brittle a.易碎的,易损坏的,通常是指坚硬的东西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.

老年人的骨头变得脆弱,很容易骨折。

fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西,也引申为体弱的,虚弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.

他参加了昨晚的聚会以后,现在感觉有些虚弱。

frail a. (指人)体弱的,虚弱的,也可以指东西易碎的。

His mother has grown old and frail.

他母亲已经年老体弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆;清新的,爽快的;活跃的,有生气的,干净利落的。

crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.

学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。

invalid a.不正确的,缺乏证据的;无效的,作废的。作名词时,表示病弱者,伤残者,久病者。Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.

你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思,但是缺乏证据。

A bad car accident made him an invalid.

一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。

boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge

boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge这几个名词都有“边界”的意思。

boundary n.边界;界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.

这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。

border n.较宽的边缘,边界,多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带;也可以指物体的边缘等。

We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.

我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。

frontier n.边界,边境,边疆,指靠近边界(boundary)的区域;

也可引申为“未开发的领域”,“(学术的)前沿”等。

The American West was still a frontier a century ago.

一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。

She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.

她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。

rim n.边,边缘,尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

So the Pacific Rim has helped shape my view of the world.

因此,太平洋周边地区影响了我的世界观的形成。

Let us living ones dance about the rim of the crater, a last expiring dance. But a dance!

让我们活着的人在火山口边上跳舞吧,这是临死前的一场舞,不过它仍是一场舞。Statuses, like wireless signal and battery life, are displayed along the rim of one of the screens.

至于类如无线信号、电池电量等状态信息则被显示在其中一块屏幕的边沿。

verge n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘,引申为“某事即将发生之际”。

on the verge of war 战争爆发之际

形容“简短的”词汇brief, concise, curt, succinct

brief, concise, curt, succinct这一组形容词都有“简短的”意思。

brief a.简明扼要的,简短的,指时间短暂,办事利索,态度明了等;有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。

The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting. 经理致了简短的开幕词。

concise a. (文字等的)简要、精练,常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.

他的信写得简明扼要,省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。

curt a.三言两语的,简短的,常含有“草率”的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"

他问老板一个问题,但是老板草率的说:“我没时间搭理你。”

succinct a.简明的,简洁的,简练的,尤指用词简练,除含有concise的意思外,还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。

succinct summary of the argument 论点的概要

“组成成分”的单词component, element, factor, ingredient

component, element, factor, ingredient

这一组名词都有“组成成分”的意思。

component n.零部件;(某事物的)组成部分;成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.

轮胎,引擎,车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。

element n.元素;组成部分,方面;某特定类型的人或群体,分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.

氢元素和氧元素构成了水。

He belongs to a bad element in this city.

他属于这个城市的坏分子。

factor n.因素,要素,侧重指原因。

Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.

耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。

ingredient n.原料,成分,要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.

面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

形似易混淆词certify, rectify, testify, verify辨析

certify, rectify, testify, verify

这是一组形近易混词。

certify v.证明,声称是真的。

He certified it was his wife's handwriting.

他证明那是他妻子的手迹。

rectify v.改正,纠正;整顿。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.

他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。

testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证;表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.

由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害,他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。

verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。

I verified the store's address by calling to check it.

我打电话询问,以核实商店的地址。

表“强迫”词汇compel, constrain, force, oblige

compel, constrain, force, oblige

这一组动词都有“强迫”的意思。

compel v.强迫,迫使,常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事;

有时也表示"别无办法,不得不做"。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝,强迫,与compel意思相近,但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用,一般用于正式的场合。

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