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Part A GRAMMAR

Subject- Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement is a very complicated issue and it is not our intention to cover all the ground in this unit. What we attempt to do here is to bring students' attention to some points particularly tricky and let them learn by practice. The method we use in the grammar section of this book is the discovery approach -- to let students find out their own answers. We hope this can raise students' interest in learning grammar and sharpen their inductive skills.

The question of subject-verb agreement is very complicated. Generally speaking, there are three basic principles: grammatical agreement, notional agreement, and the principle of proximity. In his unit, we are going to approach this issue in four contexts:

When the subject is compound

Reference for the Classroom Activities

Summary:

1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it

expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.

2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not …but,the

verb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.

3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not

affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositional phrases such as well as, as much as, rather than, along with in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.

When the subject expresses quantity

Reference for the Classroom Activities

All the sentences are correct.

Summary:

1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a

singular verb.

2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singular or

plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.

3.Phrases lik e lots of, heaps of , loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on

the form of the nouns that follow.

4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject nouns, the verb

should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.

When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1). He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.

He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges

2). What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.

What one thinks and says are not always the same.

3). There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.

There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.

Summary:

1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and

number as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)

2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular,. But if the what-clause is in a

compound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.

3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number of

the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.

Others

Reference for the Classroom Activities

1). Nobody in town admits seeing him.

2). Does anyone want to go with me?

3). Are any of you going to the exhibition?

4). None works/work so hard as he does.

5). Books are her chief source of enjoyment.

6). The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting

7). The jury is finally complete.

8). The jury were divided in their Opinions.

9). New York Times is his bible.

10). Semantics is the study of meanings.

Summary:

1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,

and somebody generally require a singular verb.

2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.

3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.

4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a

unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.

5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take a

singular verb.

6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take a

singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news, statistics,and whereabouts.

Part B Keys to the FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES

1. 1). The little boy was chicken-hearted.

2). That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.

3). We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake

4). We need to drink the milk before it sours.

5). The child had difficulty finding his way to school.

6) The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.

7). My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.

8). Our university can accommodate 4,000 students.

9). Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

2. The writer's attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences

3. (1)experienced (2) elapsed

(3)attempting (4) with

(5)take up (6) made

(7)endeavor (8) true

4. 1). The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.

2). We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested

3). Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.

4). We must pursue this matter further.

5). The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.

6). Al1 the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.

7). The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches

8). The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.

9). (correct)

10). He was awaked to the risk.

5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland.

Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.

6. 1). Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.

2). The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.

3). Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.

4). Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.

5). Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.

6). The instructor as well as the students was at fault.

7). He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.

8). The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial

9). Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display

10). The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.

11). He believes that athletics improves school morale.

12). Up goes the starter's gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.

13). Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.

14). The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.

15). She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

7. As a way to wind up the unit, ask students to write a note for each of the situations. This can be done as homework.

Part C Complementary of Notes

(12) Notes of Suggestion

Below is an example of a note of suggestion

Part D Assignment for this week Assignment: The question 7 of Page 27 in your text book. Please finish both of questions and hand in next time.

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2、简述撰写调查报告的注意事项。 答：调查报告是我们工作的一种常用的方法，没有调查就没有发言权。只有对事物做全面深入的调研，观点才能正常，方法才能得当，工作才能出成绩。调查报告的注意事项如下： a、调查报告中选题要明确。了解党和国家一个时期的政治方针是什么，了解社会，了解老百姓在想什么，有什么热点，有什么难题需要我们去解决，确定工作的总体方向； b、调查报告中认真分析素材，拟定提纲。根据调查掌握的材料，做到去伪存真，去粗取精，找出规律性的东西，提炼正确的观点； c、调查报告要有时效性。抓住要紧的，迫切需要解决的事情，才能发挥一定的作用，注意时效性； d、调查报告中方法要科学。调查的目的是为了解决问题，要尽可能的反映事情，为此要掌握科学的方法。做到多看，多走，多问为领导决策提供依据，防止决策的失误； e、调查报告中加强语言修养，力求表达准确，通俗易懂。题目要新，观点要明，语言要打动人且通俗易懂。做到生动、准确、鲜明。 3、简述经济合同的结构和内容。 答：经济合同在市场经济中，运用原来越广泛，因而为繁荣经济，保护当事人合法权益，维护经济秩序，我们必须准确的使用这一文种。一份完整的合同包括以下几个部分：

应用文写作学习总结 (6000字)

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新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit-1-4课后答案

Unit 1 . 1.1)The little boy was chicken-hearted. 2)That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena. 3)We sat down by the oak tree ,enjoying the breeze coming from the lake. 4)We need to drink the milk before it sours. 5)The child had difficulty finding his way to school. 6)The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts. 7)My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him. 8)Our university can accommodate 4,000 students. 9)Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 3.1)experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true 4.1)The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted. 2)We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested. 3)Tony can hit a ball farther than I can. 4)We must pursue this matter farther. 5)The principle behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success. 6)All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest. 7)The federal government comprises the legislative,judicial,and executive branches. 8)The whole region was struck by an economic disaster. 9)(correct) 10)He was awaked to the risk. 6.1)Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for. 2)The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly. 3)Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications. 4)Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was at fault.. 7)He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest. 8)The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial. 9)Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display. 10)The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case. 11)He believes that athletics improves school morale. 12)Up goes the starter”s gun,and each of the runners becomes tense. 13)Either The Moning Post or The City News is a reliable sourse of news. 14)The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines. 15)She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案

写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案

Unit 1 PART Ⅱ FOCUS Denotation and Connotation Suggested answer to the question If it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings. Reference for the Classroom Activities 1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes protection but in a serious fashion. wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness. 2. Word Denotation Connotation Sentence gold a precious yellow metal wealth, value, preciousness, etc Silence is gold. moon the natural body that moves around the earth once every 28 days tranquility, purity, something out of reach, etc. There’s no point hoping for peace in the country. It’s like asking for the moon. ice water frozen so that it has become solid coldness, indifference, cruelty, death, etc. The ice in his voice was only to hide the pain. blood red liquid flowing through the bodies of humans and animals family background, descent, race, temperament, etc. Blood is thicker than water. bravery, spirit, and toughness. b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. Attitude Reference for the Classroom Activities 1. Favorable Neutral Unfavorable unique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormal resolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheaded compliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s boots senior citizen old person fossil bachelor girl single woman spinster Collocation Suggested answers to the exercise a.do somebody a favor b.do somebody good c.make a gesture d.do evil

写作教程1 答案

Unit One Part V Follow-up Exercises 1. a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-hearted b.politician: →statesman c.wind:→breeze d.utilize: →drink e.ascertaining: →finding f.was bombarded with→received a lot of g.opened→drew back h.contain→accommodate i.habits→customs 2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences. 3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with (5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true 4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted. b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.

c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can. e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success. f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest. g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster. i.(correct) j. He was awake to the risk. 5. The first line: principle→principal The second line: stationary →stationery The fourth line: adopted →adapted The fifth line : effect →affect The sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-conscious The seventh line: disinterested→uninterested The ninth line: credible →credulous The eleventh line: continuously →continually 6. a. is

应用文写作学习计划范文篇

应用文写作学习计划范文3篇 应用文写作课程教学的根本目的是提升学生的写作能力,促进其今后职业生涯的发展。本文是小编为大家整理的应用文写作的学习计划范文，仅供参考。 应用文写作学习计划范文篇一： 自从xx年上半学期学习应用文写作半年来，在老师的指导和帮助下，已初步对常用的应用文有一定了解。 新学期由于学校组织参加省电脑应用文写作技能竞赛，老师对进一步提高应用文写作水平提出了新的要求。为此，我结合自身学习情况，特制订下列学习计划： 一、学习要求 深入学习《应用文写作基础》内容，全面提高应用文写作水平，争取比赛中取得优异成绩。 二、学习内容 1.了解应用文写作基础知识，包括主题、材料、结构、语言。 2.学习行政公文(通知、通报、报告、请示、批复、函、会议纪要、决定、意见)传播应用文(消息、广播稿、演讲稿)事务应用文(证明信、推荐信、感谢信、慰问、贺信、倡议书、建议书、申请书、计划、总结、会议纪要)礼仪应用文(欢迎词、欢送词、开幕词、祝词)三大方面，学习每种文种的格式、写作要求、内容、语言、排版要求。 3.从网上下载试题，尤其对计划、总结、演讲稿加强练习。 三、学习方式 以自学为主，老师指导为辅。养成良好学习习惯，分配好每天的学习内容和时间，多和老师同学沟通，交流经验。 四、学习时间 每周一到周五上午8：00—12:00，下午14:00—17:00。在完美的计划也比不上脚踏实地的去实施。在实施的过程中我会及时结合当前情况，做出调整。一星期一小结、二星期一大结，总结经验，找出自身不足积极改正。 我相信"有志者事竟成"，通过我的努力，我一定可以提高应用文写作水平，最后取得比赛的胜利。 应用文写作学习计划范文篇二： 因为在此之前，从未学过经济应用文写作。对这门课没有多少了解，但是学好这门课程，对以后无论是学习上还是工作上都必定有很大的帮助。所以想要学好这门课程，进一步提高应用文写作水平，涉足于应用文写作知识的海洋。经小组会议讨论，结合小组成员学习情况，时间安排，现制定计划如下： 一、任务和目标 1、了解应用文写作基础知识，包括主题、材料、结构、语言。学习每。种文种的格式、写作要求、内容、语言、排版要求。 2、了解并深入学习《经济应用文写作》内容，全面提高应用文写作水平 二、方法和措施 1、以自学为主，老师辅导辅。查漏补缺，不懂的地方进行强化学习，懂的地方进行周期复习巩固。 2、养成良好学习习惯，分配好每天的学习内容和时间，多和老师同学沟通，交流经验。 3、加强小组成员之间的学习合作交流探讨，解决学习方面的问题。 4、一步一个脚印，循序渐进。每天总结，在学习中总结，在总结中学习。 三、时间和步骤 9月份：了解应用文写作基础知识，包括主题、材料、结构、语言。学习每种文种的格式、写