2016年中考英语专题复习 简单句的基本句型

简单句的基本句型

【知识梳理】

英语句子成千上万，其变化也不计其数。然而，这其中只有五种基本句型。学会准确运用英语简单句的五大基本句型，是学好英语的基本功之一。

一、S V句型，即“主语+谓语”

本句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词。所谓不及物动词，就是他们之后不需要接宾语，就可表达一个完整的意思的一类动词。这些动词常见的有：work, come, die, run, fly, wait, sit等等。如：

All the students in Class 1 work hard. 所有一班的学生学习认真。

【友情提醒】

有些SV句型的句子，当其谓语动词表示运动或呆在某处时，一般要接一个表示方向或地点的状语，以使句子的表达更清楚、更完整。但值得注意的是，这并不能影响句子的基本结构。如：

Please wait outside the school gate. 请在学校大门外等。

二、S VP句型，即“主语+谓语+表语”

这种基本句型表示主语的状态及特征等，其中谓语动词为连系动词，表语多为形容词、名词、代词、副词或相当于名词或形容词的词和短语，表语和连系动词一起构成系表结构。在初中阶段，我们经常碰到的连系动词一般可以分为两类：①表状态：be, look, seem, taste, smell等；如：The fish on the plate smells bad. 盘子里的鱼闻起来臭了。

②表转变或结果：become, get, turn, grow等。如：Leaves on the trees turn yellow in Autumn.

秋天树叶变黄。

三、S VO句型，即“主语+谓语+宾语”

此种基本句型的谓语动词为“单宾及物动词”。所谓及物动词，是指他们后边需要接上宾语，才能表达一个完整意思的一类动词。宾语通常为名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，它同及物动词一起说明主语做什么。如：

I remember to return your book on time. 我记住按时归还你的书。

【友情提醒】

①有些不及物动词后面加上适当的介词时，就相当于及物动词。如：

Please wait for me outside the school gate. 请在学校大门外等我。

②有不少动词既可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。这类动词常见的有:speak, stop, break等。如：

The motor stopped. 马达停了。

The policeman stopped his car at the traffic lights. 警察把车停在红绿灯处。

③有些动词，如：hit, catch, pull等的动作涉及到某人身体的某部分，常用“动

词+某人+介词+人体部位”。如：

He hit Tom on the head. 他打汤姆的头。

四、 S VOiOd 句型，即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”

本句型中的谓语动词是“双宾及物动词”，即其后接两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物。 指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如：

Pass me the book on the teacher ’s desk. 把讲台上的书递给我。

【友情提醒】

① 当直接宾语在前，间接宾语在后时，要用介词to 或for 来引出间接宾语，它们都表示

动作的对象。

② 用to 引出间接宾语的有：give, show, bring, tell, send, pass, teach, take 等。

如：

用

for 引出间接宾语的有：buy, get, sing, make 等。如：

I ’I ’③ 如果直接宾语为人称代词时，必须将代词直接宾语放在间接宾语之前。如：

Give it to me. 而不能说成Give me it.

④ 有些双宾及物动词的间接宾语不能用to 或for 来引出，它只能放在直接宾语之前。常

见的这类动词有：ask, wish 等。如：

I wish you a Happy Teachers ’ Day. 我祝你教师节快乐。

五、 S VOC 句型，即“主语+谓语+宾语+ 宾语补足语”

本句型中谓语动词要求是“复宾及物动词”，即其后要求接复合宾语，也就是“宾语+ 宾语补足语”。这类动词需要有一个宾语补足语，意思才能表达完整。宾语补足语可以用名词、形容词、动词不定式、介词短语等来充当。

【友情提醒】

① 后接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：make(使成为),think, call 等。如：

Please call me Xiao Mao. 请叫我小毛。

后接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：make(使得), keep, get, find, leave, turn 等。如：Don ’t leave the windows open when you are sleeping. 当你睡觉时不要把窗子开着。

② 双宾语与宾语补足语的区别

宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，也就是说宾语是宾语补足语的动作发出者。而双宾语都是主语发出动作的对象，没有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：

Who taught you English last term? 上学期谁教你英语？（双宾语） Who taught you to learn English last term? 上学期谁教你学英语？（宾语补足语，us 在逻辑上to learn English 的主语。

③ 动词不定式作宾语补足语要注意以下两种情况：

感官动词：feel, hear, listen, see, look at, watch, notice 和使役动词let, have,

make等后

接省to的动词不定式来作宾语补足语。这类动词常常可以归纳为一“感”（feel）二“听”（hear, listen）三“让”（let, have, make）四“看”（ see, look at, watch, notice）。如：

I often hear Mrs. Green sing Chinese songs in her bedroom.

我经常听见格林夫人在她的卧室唱中文歌曲。

Help后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可用to，也可不用to,意思不变。即：

help somebody to do something= help somebody do something

【知识归纳】

简单句的五种基本句型可以归纳为一首小诗。

英语句子千千万，五大句型一线牵。

句型核心为动词，后接什么是关键。

系动词后接表语，不及物后无牵连。

及物可分三大类，单宾双宾最常见，

还有宾语补足语，各种结构记心间。

【牛刀小试】

指出下列各句分别属于哪种句型。

1. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.

2.They are dancing happily on the playground.

3.Your mother looks much younger.

4.I want to go swimming with you.

5.Mr. Green made his son a card for his birthday.

参考答案：

1. SVOC

2. SV

3. SVP

4. SVO

5. SVOiOd

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