上海市2015届闵行区高三英语一模试题(含答案)

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试

英语试卷

考生注意：

1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I 卷（第1-11页）和第II 卷（第12页），全卷共12页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和准考证号。

第I 卷 (共103分) I. Listening Comprehension Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a book store. B. At a library.

C. At a hotel.

D. At a ticket office. 2. A. $30.

B. $50.

C. $60.

D. $100.

3. A. Watch the game with the woman. B. Play games with the woman.

C. Watch the game on TV.

D. Play games alone at home. 4. A. Amusing. B. Inspiring.

C. Fascinating.

D. Boring.

5. A. A college campus. B. An art museum.

C. A beautiful park.

D. An architectural exhibition. 6. A. Before she finishes the report.

B. When she is taking a break.

C. After she finishes typing the report.

D. While she is typing the report. 7. A. To study for his degree. B. To go on a tour.

C. To do a part-time job.

D. To take up a new course. 8. A. Arguing. B. Protesting.

C. Bargaining.

D. Complaining. 学校_______________________ 班级__________ 准考证号_________ 姓名______________

…………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………………

9. A. Take some food to the picnic. B. Invite Gary’s family to dinner.

C. Buy something special for Gary.

D. Pay for part of the picnic food.

10. A. She doesn’t mind John’s telling jokes. B. She enjoys John’s humor a great deal.

C. She doesn’t appreciate John’s humor.

D. She thinks John is not funny enough.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. Babysitter. B. Architect.

C. Fashion-designer.

D. Government official.

12. A. To avoid the household work. B. To add family income.

C. To be financially independent.

D. To make more friends.

13. A. He wanted her wife to be with their children.

B. He didn’t believe Barbara could find a job.

C. He doubted Barbara’s ability to do her job well.

D. He thought of Barbara’s job as meaningless.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. The amount of air in the plane. B. The strength of the plane structure.

C. The pressure outside the plane.

D. The power of the plane engines.

15. A. Keep the plane from exploding. B. Maintain safety speed in the high sky.

C. Test the function of the engines.

D. Control the plane when the engines fail.

16. A. Two important tests on planes. B. The importance of flying safely.

C. The dangers of plane test.

D. How planes are made and tested.

Section C

Directions:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

Purpose of calling: To rent a (17) ___________.

Location: On the Fifth Street, near the (18) ____________ store.

Charge of renting: $80 a month, not including (19) ____________.

Possible time to move in: After (20) ___________ 1st.

Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.

Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

Why is the man worried? Because of the unsatisfactory (21) ___________. How can the company make the products

By improving both the (22) __________.

more competitive?

What is the woman’s suggestion? Doing more TV (23) ___________.

What does the man expect the

To help the company to (24) ___________. investments to do?

Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day driving journey

from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently (25) ______ (relax) ourselves.

One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner.

Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman (26) ______ (stand) at one side. He

was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and

opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back.

Thinking the gentleman (27) ______ need something to eat, I turned around and said to

the gentleman, “Sir. Are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you

something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.”

My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him

to order (28) ______ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and

looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,” I said. “Please add his order (29) ______ our bill.” The manager said with a frown (皱眉), “Okay.” We turned to our ta ble and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank You!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we (30) ______ (hand) our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman (31) ______ (order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns.

When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very small act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, (32) ______ ______ it only lasted for a few minutes.

(B)

Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment (33) ______ you asked for paper bags instead?

(34) ______ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic bags and paper bags.

Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.

(35) ______ (far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish (水母), their main source of food, and often choke (噎死) on them.

Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, (36) ______ has caused great concern among scientists.

However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.

“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most (37) ______ (reuse) things around the house,”explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastics Council.

Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown to some people (38) ______ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags.

So you may ask (39) ______ what to do. One possible solution would be to use biodegradable(可降解的) plastic bags. But, it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags (40)______ biodegradable products become more reliable.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. belief

B. discourage

C. choices

D. issue

E. try

F. characterize

G. demonstrate

H. ensure

I. incomparable

J. opposing

K. responsible

The unique features of colleges and universities in the U.S. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular U.S. college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies 41 colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds,the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan Gregorian. “In America people have a strong 42 that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.”

Foreign students also come in search of 43 . America’s menu of options—research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions—is 44 . No any single European country can offer such variety. “In Europe,”says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, “there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to 45 professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) 46 on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration.

Such 47 philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan, universities are 48 only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money.

Centralization (集权化) is likely to 49 that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also 50 the testing of different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Apes and human beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of 51 by individuals.

One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the 52 of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object—food,

clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others—was sufficient reason to 53 force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females, thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession.

In the first place the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the 54 destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.

In the second place it is observable, that 55 occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were 56 defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire.

Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes greatly to 57 the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the 58 species. Monkeys do not mind being 59 by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often 60 . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The 61 of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults.

Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own 62 . A child will be stopped either by 63 causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be 64 because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by 65 , through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper.

51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness

52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection

53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into

54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary

55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation

56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully

57. A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate

58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable

59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled

60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed

61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion

62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality

63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic

64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented

65. A. learning B. failing C. imitating D. refusing

Section B

Directions:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Around the world coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.

Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced one of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.

During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.

The coral’s ability to adjust to cool temperatures surprised the researchers, who say the study’s results show the complexitie s of monitoring coral health in response to different environmental factors.

“Global warming is associated with increases but also decreases of temperatures,” said Deheyn, one of the researchers. “Not much has been known about the comparative effects of temperature decrease on corals. These results are important because they show that corals react differently to temperature differences, which is important for future management of coral reefs in the field of climate change.”

66. According to the first paragraph, we know that ______.

A. different corals suffer differently by climate change

B. both heat and cold stress affect corals

C. cool temperature is more destructive to corals

D. it’s hard to know the eff ect of climate change on corals

67. The phrase “subjected to” (in 3rd paragraph) is closest in meaning to “______”.

A. referred to

B. adjusted to

C. exposed to

D. stuck to

68. By “Not much has been known about…”,Deheyn probably means that ______.

A. we know very little about the effects of temperature decrease on corals

B. temperature decrease is not expected to have a bad effect on corals

C. it makes no sense to study the effects of temperature decrease on corals

D. corals may not have been affected by the decrease in temperature.

69. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Measures should be taken to control global warming.

B. Climate change has resulted in more cold currents.

C. Heat is responsible for the destruction of corals.

D. Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.

(B)

Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and devices will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward hand positions. They will allow the worker to keep the elbows (肘) next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder and arm.

Overuse injuries can therefore be prevented or reduced if the employer provides, and workers use:

●power tools rather than having to use muscle power.

●tools with specially designed handles that allow the wrist (腕) to keep straight (See

Figure 1). This means that hands and wrists are kept in the same position as they

would be if they were hanging relaxed at a person’s side

●tools with handles that can be held comfortably by the whole hand. This means

having a selection of sizes — remember that tools that provide a comfortable firm

hold for a person with a very large hand may be awkward for someone with a very

small hand. This is a particularly important consideration for women who may use

tools originally designed for men

tools that do not press fingers (or flesh) between the handles, and whose handles do not have sharp edges or a small surface area.

70. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A. Good Tool Design for Women

B. Tool Design and Prevention of Injuries

C. Examples of Good Tool Design

D. Overuse of Tools and Worker Protection

71. Which of the following describes a well-designed tool?

A. It’s kept close to the body.

B. It fully uses muscle power.

C. It makes users feel relaxed.

D. It’s operated with less force.

72. What is Figure 1 used to show?

A. The effective use of the tool.

B. The way of operating the tool.

C. The proper design of the handle.

D. The purpose of bending the wrist.

73. In choosing tools for women, ______ of the handle is the most important.

A. the size

B. the edge

C. the shape

D. the position

(C)

When we perceive other people, we seldom describe a person in cold and objective words. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly—perhaps with a two-second glance.

We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Social scientist Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed person’s behavior with the known others’ behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person’s responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or

have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person: questions, self-disclosures (自我表露), and so on.

Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won’t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent (前后不一致) behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地) those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosure and truthful statements).

74. The word “pinpoint” (in 1st Para.) is closest in means to ______.

A. appreciate

B. obtain

C. identify

D. interpret

75. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A. People like to be described in cold, objective words.

B. It is impossible to get inside of a person.

C. It is difficult to describe a person in words.

D. Getting to know a person is usually no easy job.

76. It can be inferred from Berger’s suggestions that ______.

A. people do not reveal their true self on every occasion

B. the best way to know a person is by making comparisons

C. in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly

D. face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person

77. The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ______.

A. discuss the various aspects of getting to know people

B. provide ways of how to obtain information about people

C. warn readers of the negative side of people’s characters

D. give advice on appropriate behaviors for social occasions

Section C

Directions:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

For years, there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists. In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B. Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science.” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science.” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment. “The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,”he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science.”

The “widening”reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments. Thanks to strict clinical experiments, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments—the tools of psychology—bring more lasting benefits than drugs.

You wouldn’t know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist. Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practise them. Why in the world not? Clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training”, says Baker.

When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works. A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient. If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit (损伤名誉) itself.”

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)

78. Clinical psychologists can’t explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because

they rely on _______________.

79. What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?

80. According to Baker, what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from

learning or practising effective treatments?

81. To avoid discrediting psychology, clinical psychologists need to ______________.

第II 卷(共47分)

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.

82. 你有兴趣参加今晚的英语演讲比赛吗？(mood)

83. 新建的医院让这里的居民就医方便多了。(…it…)

84. 慈善晚会上募集的款项将用来建一座社区老年活动中心。(collect)

85. 这位经理有丰富的酒店管理经验，因此他处理客人的投诉总是得心应手。(full of)

86. 万一你在森林中迷路，最保险的做法是留在原地，并设法立刻与专业营救队取得联

系。(in case)

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

以下是三座城市在就业、娱乐、环境方面的满意度。假如你的家庭打算移居到其中的某座城市，请从你和你家庭的情况考虑选择一座比较满意的城市，并简要谈谈选择这座城市的理由。

提示：不必对图表中的数据做详细描写。

闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量监控考试英语试

卷参考答案

第I卷

一、参考答案

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. D

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. D

9. D 10

.

C

11 . B 12

.

C 13

.

A 14

.

B 15

.

D 16

.

A

17. flat 18. convenience

19. electricity 20. December / Dec.

21. sales income 22. equipment and technology

23. commercials 24. stay profitable

25. to relax 26. standing 27. might 28. whatever/what 29. to

30. were handed 31. had ordered 32. even if 33. if 34. The

35. Further 36. which 37.reused 38. that 39.yourself 40. until

41 F 42

. A 43

.

C 44

.

I 45

.

G 46

.

E 47

.

J 48

.

K 49

.

H 50

.

B

51 . D 52

.

B 53

.

A 54

.

C 55

.

A 56

.

B 57

.

D 58

.

A 59

.

C 60

.

D

61 . C 62

.

B 63

.

A 64

.

D 65

.

B 66

.

B 67

.

C 68

.

A 69

.

D 70

.

B

71 . D 72

.

C 73

.

A 74

.

C 75

.

D 76

.

C 77

.

A

78. their personal experience

79. The great progress in psychological research

80. Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training

81. support their treatments with science

二、评分标准

1、第1~10题；17~65题每题1分。第11~16题：66~81题每题2分。

2、语法题的答案可忽略大小写。

3、第20小题的首字母需大写，否则不得分。

4、第78~81题答案仅供阅卷参考。考生如有其它符合题意的表达法，且无语法错误可得分。

第II卷

一、参考答案

（一）中译英

1. Are you in the mood to take part in / participate in the English speech context?

2. The newly-built / new hospital has made / makes it more convenient / easier for the people here to see doctors.

3. The fund / money collected /which was collected in the charity party will be used to set up / build a community recreation / activity center for the elderly (people) / old people.

4. The manager is full of experience in hotel management, so he is always able to deal with consumers’ complaints effectively/successfully/easily.(…so he has no difficulty in dealing with…)

5. In case you get lost in a forest, the safest way is to stay where you are and try to get in touch with a professional rescue team immediately.

（二）写作

略

二、评分标准

（一）中译英

1、第82~84题每题4分；第85~86每题5分。

2、每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。

3、严重的语法错误每处扣1分。

4、未使用提示词扣一分。

5、所给答案仅供参考，考生如有其它符合题意的表达法，且无语法错误可得分。

（二）写作

1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡

量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3、评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、

上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。

4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。

5、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

6、内容要点可用不同方式表达，对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。

上海市虹口区2019届高三英语一模

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