城市规划专业英语(第二篇)

CHAPTER TWO: HIERARCHY OF PLANS

ARTICLE: HIERARCHY OF PLANS IN UK

Level 1, Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) at the national level

The Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) is on the highest level of the planning framework. It is a territorial development strategy, which guides urban planning at both regional and local levels by providing consistency across the whole country. Regional and local planning authorities must take their contents into account in preparing their development plans. It is a non-statutory policy guidance for providing planning objectives, approaches and operational principles at national level, and considering various aspects of urban planning, such as green belts, housing, countryside, industrial and commercial development, coastal areas, tourism, etc. PPG is produced for short periods of time (such as five years with a mid-term review) for which it is possible to foresee likely changes. Design issues are stressed recently and integrated into the PPG.

Level 2, Regional Planning Guidance (RPG) at the Regional Level

At the next level of the hierarchy, Regional Planning Guidance (RPG) is also non-statutory guidance but with emphasis on regional development. It provides a regional development strategy to coordinate local planning. The RPG has a dual role: on the one hand it offers a spatial framework for the land use and economic investment decisions of central government and large development interests and on the other it provides some rather general guidance for local planning. The long-term objective of RPG should be to develop into a comprehensive spatial strategy for the region; i.e. to set out the range of public policies that will manage the future distribution of activities within the region. RPG should avoid identifying specific sites as suitable for development. However, RPG will need to establish the locational criteria appropriate to regionally or sub-regionally significant housing, business, retail and leisure uses, or to the location of major new inward investment sites. At the same time, RGP also sets up general guidance for local planning to guide the region development in a consistence way, including housing, transport, urban design, etc.

Level 3, Development Plans at the Local/district level

At the local/district level, the development plan has statutory power under the Town and Country Plan Act. It is composed of the Structure Plan and Local Plan. While the structure plan provides a broad range of planning policies for the overall area, the local plan contains physical land use plans. The plans are usually in the form of maps or diagrams. Because the purpose of a Structure Plan is to establish general policy for future change in the planning, it is not important to show how planning proposals relate in any detail to individual plots of land. Structure Plan key diagrams are usually brightly colored and diagrammatic in style, with the policies indicated approximately to scale but without an Ordinance Survey base. In contrast, Local Plans are intended to show how Structure Plan policies are interpreted in more detail at the scale of individual settlements, especially where rapid change is taking place. Local Plan maps must show physical relief features and the location of specific sites. However, there are three types of Local Plan and the presentation differs somewhat: District Plans cover fairly large areas such as a small town or collection of rural settlements. These plans may be diagrammatic and cover essentially the same subjects

as the Structure Plan but the proposals are specific to a certain site and shown at a scale of 1:25000.

?Action Area Plans identify quite small areas, residential neighborhood or renewal over a ten-year period. The maps show detail often at a scale of 1:2500.

?Subject Plans cover particular topics which Counties and Districts think require some special investigation, for example: green belts, the rural-urban fringe, recreation, mineral extraction, reclamation and waster disposal.

Urban design at the local/district level becomes more specific. Planning policies in the structure plan integrate urban design policies with a good understanding of the local/district context. For local plans, design policies in terms of desirable standards of urban design, like scale, height, materials? are attached for different types of area. In addition, supplementary guidelines are especially set for different districts. Besides, the Town and County Plan Act have two ordinances concerned with urban design: the Civic Amenities 1967 and the Housing Act 1969, which give urban design control with statutory power.

FURTHER READING (1):Comprehensive Plan, Precise Plan and Zoning

The Comprehensive Plan sets the basic policies for development of the city, the general relation between the various land uses —— residential, commercial, and industrial and forms the framework of the urban structure, From time to time this general framework is translated into precise plans which specify the zoning for land use, streets and highways, mass transit, recreation and conservation, subdivision expansion, utilities, railways and airports, civic centers, schools, and urban redevelopment. The precise plans interpret the basic policies for urban development reflected in the comprehensive plan and serve to adjust the Plan to new situations and conditions as they arise.

The precise plans serve a dual function. On one hand, they define the standards for development of the city, the standards of population density, the design of the circulation system, and the amount and location of open space and physical facilities for business and residence. On the other hand, the precise plans provide a program for development, a basis for timing proposed improvements in the city, the location, design, and installation of utilities, schools, parks, the extension of subdivision development, and the redevelopment of devastated areas. Thus, the need for public improvements may be geared with the ability to finance such improvements and maintain a coordinated pace with expansion of private development.

Planning is a process which anticipates the needs of a community, proposes ways and means for the satisfaction of these needs, and relates these proposals to the orderly development of the city and realization of the comprehensive plan. The precise plans are the instruments with which these functions are performed.

Zoning is the legal regulation of the use of land. It is an application of the police power for the protection of the public health, welfare, and safety. The regulations include provisions for

the use of property and limitations upon the shape and bulk of buildings that occupy the land. The law comprises two parts: the ordinance in which the regulations are defined, and the zoning map which delineates the districts within which the provisions of the ordinance apply.

Zoning Ordinance and Map.Zoning laws consist of two fundamental parts: an ordinance defining the entire set of regulations, and the zoning map describing the various use districts. Although there are many local variations, the zoning map normally includes residential districts (estate, single-family, and multiple family), commercial, industrial, and special-use districts, and the corresponding regulations indicate the density, intensity, height and bulk of development in each respective category.

Zoning is neither a substitute nor an alternative for the comprehensive plan. The plan expresses the basic policies which shape the community character, the general land use, circulation, and relationships among the variety of urban facilities. The zoning plan establishes the specific limitations which apply to the use of land as an instrument for achieving the goals set forth in the comprehensive plan. Serving as a comprehensive guide for urban development, the comprehensive plan is usually adopted as a resolution by the legislative body. The zoning plan is adopted and rendered effective as a legal ordinance.

Validity of the zoning ordinance has been subjected to several tests by the courts, whose decisions have generally supported the following criteria:

1.The plan shall be comprehensive.

2.The same regulations shall apply to all districts having similar zone classifications.

3.The plan shall demonstrate protection of health, welfare, and safety.

4.There shall be neither discrimination nor capricious intent in the plan.

5. Administration of the ordinance shall be reasonable and free from arbitrary decisions.

FURTHER READING（2）: Hierarchy of Plans in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, planning is carried out at three levels (see Figure 2.2), namely, territorial, sub-regional and district planning. This gives rise to a three-tier planning system comprising the Territorial Development Strategy, the Sub-Regional Development Strategy and the district plans. Guiding the preparation of these plans is the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines.

Figure 2.2 the hierarchy of plans in HK

1. Territorial Development Strategy (TDS)

The TDS provides a long-term planning framework, upon which sub-regional and district planning will be based, for the integration of Government policies on land use, transport infrastructure development and environmental matters. It’s objectives is to formulate a long

term land

associated

socio-economic activities in a manner which will produce a highest quality of environment with constrains set by resources availability and time frame within which the needs of target population have to meet.

Since the first TDS 1984, it has been reviewed several times to take account of changing circumstance. Recently, “Hong Kong 2030: Planning Vision and Strategy” is being carried out for a further review.

2. Sub-regional Development Strategy (SRDS)

Within the framework of the TDS, SRDS are prepared to translate the territorial goals into more specific planning objectives for the five sub-regions of Hong Kong(i.e. the Metropolitan area, the North East New Territories, the North West New Territories, the South East New Territories and the South West New Territories). Each SRDS comprises a series of plans and development statements which provide a framework for more detailed district planning and work programmers.

In one of the sub-regions, the Metropolitan area, the Metroplan has been prepared to provide a planning framework for public and private sector development and a conceptual strategy for developing and upgrading the Metro sub-region. On the basis of Metroplan, development statements have been prepared to translate the broad Metroplan concepts into specific district planning objectives and plans of action. To date, development statements for West Kowloon, South East Kowloon (including the Kai Tak Airport site) and Tsuen Wan-Kwai Tsing have been published. The Hong Kong Island West Development Statement is under preparation.

3. District plans

SUB-REGIONAL

District plans are detailed land use plans which translate the broad planning principles identified in the territorial and sub-regional levels to the local level through the designation of various parcels of land for different uses. There are two types of district plans, namely, statutory and departmental plans.

Statutory plans are prepared by the Town Planning Board (TPB) under the Town Planning Ordinance. They include Outline Zoning Plans (OZPs) and Development Permission Area (DPA) plans. The OZPs show the proposed land uses and major road systems of individual planning scheme areas. Areas covered by such plans are zoned for such uses as residential, commercial, industrial, open space, government, institution and community uses, green belt, conservation areas, comprehensive development areas, village type development, open storage or other specified purposes. Attached to each OZP is a Schedule of Notes setting out the uses which are always permitted (Column 1 uses) in a particular zone and other uses for which the TPB's Permission must be sought (Column 2 uses).

DPA plans have been prepared since the enactment of the Town Planning (Amendment) Ordinance 1991 mainly for the non-urban area. They also indicate land use zones and are accompanied by a set of Notes which specify the uses which are always permitted and those which require TPB's permission. Development without the necessary planning permission will constitute an unauthorized development and will be subject to enforcement. DPA plans are interim plans. They are effective for three years from the date of first publication and will be replaced by OZPs within the period. The provisions for enforcement will however continue to be applicable in the areas after the DPA plans are replaced by OZPs.

Departmental plans are non-statutory and they include Outline Development Plans (ODPs) and Layout Plans (LPs). ODPs are prepared within the framework of the relevant SRDS and OZPs, and show greater details of development proposals. LPs are usually of local significance, drawn on larger scales and prepared for unformed or newly-formed land or redevelopment areas that require comprehensive planning. Once approved, both ODPs and LPs are binding on Government and serve as a guide for development programming, development control, land sales and the reservation and allocation of Government sites.

城市规划专业的英文自我介绍

城市规划专业的英文自我介绍 during school achievement is outstanding, curious, has own individuality, teamwork spirit is strong, also thering is no lack of independence, and accept new things of ability, dedication and lequn, professionally has certain innovation ability. i am a love design, believe design will be after the professional oneself want, i also believe oneself can have a design personnel shall have the quality, because i am a self-motivated person, i will diligently enterprising! although i don’t have much of social experience, but i’ll work harder and harder to recover my gap, and i believe that life won’t heroine in a moment, but to see own struggle degree, is a persist in learning, to improve the process of self! i am from shandong yantai’s a girl, i think life should not be flatly light hasten paper-cover profane, should have their own pursuit, have the courage to challenge the limits of life, because i believe that human potential is very large, only in some pressure will play out, so i would rather choose a competitive pressure for me greater environment to live! such life is positive, happy! life should be is rich and colorful! university i have been in various aspects due to fill the oneself, excellent results, i was fortunate to chose us city planning department as my mentor, in the last two years, i follow mentor do a lot of engineering, including the design, drawing, have relatively good graphics operation ability, and from various aspects divergent my design ideas, therefore, also developed my works is responsible earnestly, sureness fine style of our work is supposed to make mankind harmonious home, so i want to do a project attitude is very important! 1/ 1

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

城市规划专业英语词汇

专业英语词汇整理 一、城市规划专业词汇 1、专业词汇 act of urban planning 城市规划法 development strategy 发展战略 enforcement 规划实施 formulation guide 编制办法 global city system 全球城市体系 historic preservation 历史古迹保护 conservation of historical cultural cities 历史文化名城保护 conservation of historic landmarks and sites 文物古迹保护 conservation of scenic spots 风景名胜保护 conservation of historic buildings 古建筑保护 conservation：对于野生动、植物、自然资源及人造资源的利用，所采取的一种措施，以确保这些资源得到保护和补充，包括在规划和设计工程时，保护现存具有重要机制的自然资源。始终具有更积极意义的古迹保护，它倡导估计能为今用。Perservation则指的是原样不动的消极保护。 land use administration 用途管理 planning theory 规划理论 theory in planning theory of planning planning reform 规划改革 public space 公共空间 open space 空地 Warehouse仓库 residentialisation 居住区改造 settlement 居住 town cluster 城镇群 the build environment 建成环境 Urban and Rural Planning Law 城乡规划法 new town policy 新城政策 urban-rural dual planning system 二元规划体系 green belt policy 绿带政策 design review 规划评价 Urban Image 城市意向 Cityscape 城市风貌 urban competitiveness 城市竞争力 urbanization 城市化

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

城市规划专业英语

城市规划专业英语 unban planning 城市规划 town planning 城镇规划 act of urban planning 城市规划法 urban comprehensive planning 城市总体规划 urban detailed planning 城市详细规划 Residentiral district detailed planning 修建性详规 regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规 规划类的专业课程 reginal planning 区域规划 urban system planning 城镇体系规划 urban sociology 城市社会学 urban economic 城市经济学 urban geograghy 城市地理学 urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划 (water supply and drainage \electricity supply\road building) （城市供水、供电、道路修建）urban road system and transportation planning 城市道路系统和交通规划 urban road cross-section 城市道路横断面 urban management information system 城市管理信息系统GIS =geograghy information system 地理信息系统 RS=remote sensing 遥感 Gardening==Landscape architecture 园林=营造景观学Urban landscape planning and design 城市景观规划和设计Urban green space system planning 城市绿地系统规划Urban design 城市设计

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：

城市规划专业术语英文

城市规划建设英语术语 保留地 reserved land 步行街 pedestrian street 仓储区 warehouse district 仓储用地 warehouse land 城市（城镇） city 城市布局 urban layout 城市道路面积率 urban road area ratio 城市道路网 urban road network 城市道路网密度 density of urban road network 城市道路系统 urban road system 城市对外交通 intercity transportation 城市发展方向 direction for urban development 城市发展目标 goal for urban development 城市发展战略 strategy for urban development 城市防洪 urban flood control 城市防洪标准 flood control standard 城市防洪工程 flood control works 城市防空 urban air defense 城市防灾 urban disaster prevention 城市防震 earthquake hazard protection 城市给水 water supply 城市给水工程 water supply engineering 城市给水系统 water supply system 城市工程管线综合 integrated design for utilities pipelines 城市功能分区 functional districts 城市供电电源 power source 城市供电系统 power supply system 城市供热系统 district heating system 城市规划 urban planning 城市规划法规 legislation on urban planning 城市规划管理 urban planning administration 城市规划建设管理 urban planning and development control 城市规划区 urban planning area 城市规划用地管理 urban planning land use administration 城市规模 city size 城市化 urbanization 城市化水平 urbanization level 城市环境保护 city environmental protection 城市环境污染 city environmental pollution 城市环境质量 city environmental quality 城市环境质量评价 city environmental quality assessment

城市规划专业英语

unban planning 城市规划 town planning 城镇规划 act of urban planning 城市规划法 urban comprehensive/master planning 城市总体规划urban detailed planning 城市详细规划 Residentiral district detailed planning 修建性详规regulatory detailed planning 控制性详规 protection planning of historic cities 历史名城保护规划 规划类的专业课程 reginal planning 区域规划 urban system planning 城镇体系规划 urban sociology 城市社会学 urban economic 城市经济学 urban geography 城市地理学 urban infrastructure planning 城市基础设施规划 urban immediate planning 城市近期建设规划Community planning 社区规划 Flood control planning 防洪规划 electricity supply planning 供电规划 water supply planning供水规划 gas supply planning 供气规划 urban water supply and drainage planning 城市给排水规划 urban road system and transportation planning 城市道路系统和交通规划 Land planning 用地规划 Site planning 场地规划 Urban growth 城市扩建 Urban revitalization 城市复苏 Urban agglomeration 城市群 urban road cross-section城市道路横断面 urban management information system 城市管理信息系统GIS =geograghy information system 地理信息系统 RS=remote sensing 遥感

土木工程专业英语修正版

Take the road of sustainable development civil engineering Abstract: Civil Engineering is the oldest in human history "technical science" as a system of industrial activity, the essence of civil engineering production process, is a technical process Civil engineering is the construction of various facilities in science and technology, collectively, both refer to the construction of the object, that is built on the ground, underground, water facilities, a variety of projects, but also refers to the application of materials, equipment and carried out survey and design , construction, maintenance, repair and other technology. As an important basis for discipline, civil engineering has its important attributes: a comprehensive, social, practical, technical and economic and artistic unity. With the progress of human society and development, civil engineering has already evolved into large-scale comprehensive subject, and has many branches, such as: construction, railroad engineering, road engineering, bridge engineering, specialty engineering structures, water supply and drainage projects, port engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and other disciplines. There are six professional civil engineering: architecture, urban planning, civil engineering, built environment and equipment engineering, water supply and drainage works and road and bridge projects. Civil engineering is a form of human activity. Human beings pursued it to change the natural environment for their own benefit. Buildings, transportations, facilities, infrastructures are all included in civil engineering. The development of civil engineering has a long history. Our seniors had left a lot of great constructions to us. For example, Zhao Zhou Bridge is the representative of our Chinese civil engineering masterpieces. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is still service at present. Civil engineering has been so rapid development of the period. A lot of new bridges have been constructed, and many greater plans are under discussion. China is a large county. And she is still well developing. However, civil engineers will be facing more complex problems. We should pay attention to the growing population and a lot of deteriorating infrastructures. We should prepare for the possibility of natural disasters. To meet grow needs in the

英语作文对城市规划专业的认识

My Cognition of Urban Planning At the first of this dissertation, I would like to make a self-introduction. My name is **, a stubborn girl. I like sports, reading, listening to music and so on. I am eager for knowledge. Also I have many bad habits. I like sleeping, I loaf on the job sometimes. Just as many people, I have my dream, I want to be a successful person. It’s not easy, so I should pay more endeavor than others. I am a common junior student, my profession is urban planning. When I first enter my college, I don’t like this profession. I even don’t know what I will learn. What I only know is its name, urban planning. But that I don’t know is how to plan and what to design. But I am glad I can study here, in my three years learning, I gradually find the joy of design, something in my mind can be a real drawing. In the future, it may become a building or a city in front of us. My three years in college is spending in constantly raise the study interest and continuous learning. Facing the fierce competition for talent, I was aware that my knowledge is limited, but I know I have a more unwilling to lag behind, and I have the spirit of continuous learning and the desire of continuously enhance. I own my young and persistent career enthusiasm, I believe that I will do better. After more than two years of study, we've been learning architectural design. The knowledge of urban planning isn't too much. But more or less, There is a certain degree of the understanding of urban planning. And get a great progress. We will not be as a freshmen what all don't understand. We already have a preliminary understanding of the city planning. The city is a giant engine of economic growth, and is the window of the social civilization. The planning of city is especially important. The urban planning profession is an architectural discipline which created by country to adapt to the city's planning and development. It raises person who has the talent of urban planning and design, urban planning and management. It requires the students get the basic training of the city planning and design, and be the basic skills master of urban planning and design and management the basic skills. Urban planning is a mixture of science and art. It encompasses many different disciplines and brings them all under a single umbrella. The simplest definition of urban planning is that it is the organization of all elements of a town or other urban environment. However, when one thinks about all the elements that make up a town, urban planning suddenly seems complicated - and it is. Urban planning is the study of the city's future development, urban rational layout and management of resources, arrange the city construction. In China, the city planning usually including overall planning and detailed planning two stages. China has five thousand years civilization of this great country. China ancient city emphasis on strategic planning thought and the overall concept, it stressed that the city and nature combination and strict hierarchy. War, economy, population, migration, these reasons cause city constantly expanding, and all of these make the city land changes, which has made urban planning. Urban planning involves so many other professional knowledge, such as sociology, economics, meteorology, information technology, geology. So, the city planning of professional talents are all-round talents. Urban planning is also a very sensitive professional, it not only to deal with good social and natural ecological harmonious relationship, but also to coordinate the

土木工程专业英语全部

Lesson 1 Compression Members New Words 1. achieve achievement 2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距 3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable 4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge 5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆 6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness 7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load 8. stocky stout 9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly 10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱 11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature 12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤； 13. convince 14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由） 15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的 16. provision 规定，条款 Phrases and Expressions 1. compression member 2. bending moment shear force, axial force 3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要 4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的，临界的 5. cross-sectional area 6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration 7. slenderness ratio 长细比 8. tangent modulus 切线模量 9. stub column 短柱 10. trial-and-error approach 试算法 11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的 12. residual stress 残余应力residual 13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar 14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限 16. effective length 计算长度