will have done

Will have done是将来完成时么？

许多语法书上把将来完成时的构成形式定义为情态动词will或shall加上动词的完成形式have done。这种说法忽略了时间状语的必要性。事实上，在薄冰的《英语语法》（开明出版社1998年）、L·G·亚历山大的《朗文英语语法》（外研社1991年）等语法著作中，所有关于将来完成时的例句都是带有表示将来时间的状语的。遗憾的是，他们都没有在正文中强调时间状语的必要性。笔者在教学中经常发现，有的学生只要看到will have done，就条件反射似的认定是将来完成时结构。然而时间状语的不同往往会导致will have done结构的不同含义。试看下列句子：

1. He will have spent a long time learning English, by the time he leaves school.

到他毕业的时候他就已经学了很久的英语了。

2. He will have spent a long time learning English, beginning when he left school.

他自毕业以来肯定已经花了很长时间学英语了。

上面第一个句子的状语是表示将来时间的，主句中的will have spent表示将来完成。而第二句中的时间状语指过去，则will have spent 表示对过去已经发生的事实进行的推断，语法上称为情态动词的推测性用法。能够出现在推测性用法中的情态动词有might, may, could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must等，又如：

3. It might have been warmer there yesterday.

昨天那儿也许暖活点儿。

4. He may have left already.

他有可能已经走了。

5. He could have been in his office this time yesterday.

他昨天这个时候可能在办公室的。

6. He can’t have finished the letter this morning, for he is still typing now.

他今天早上不可能完成了那封信，因为他现在还在打字呢。

7. They must have been smoking just now.

他们刚才肯定在抽烟。

需要指出的是：

（一）上述情态动词在推测性用法中，might, could, would等不能看作是may, can和will的过去式。它们之间的区别不是时间的不同，而是推测的语气强弱不同，亦即说话人对自己所推断的事情的把握大小不同。粗略地讲，各情态动词在推测用法中的语气由弱到强排列为：might, may, could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must。其中might表达的推测把握性最小，must的把握性最大。当然，这种从弱到强的排列只是粗略的排列，没有必要也不可能把它量化到谁比谁强百分之几。如果说话人心里不是很肯定，就会选择使用might, may等情态动词，如果说话人感到较有把握，就会选择使用will, must等来表达自己的推测。在这种用法中，情态动词的核心含义只有一个，那就是“可能”。根据不同的把握性分别翻译成：也许、有可能、很有可能、肯定。如上面的第７句译为“他们刚才肯定在抽烟”，但其中的must have been smoking也只是说话人的推测。如果说话人亲眼看到他们抽烟，那就会说They smoked just now。

（二）上述例句3-7中出现的“情态动词+have done”的结构只是情态动词推测用法中的一种，即表示对过去发生的事情进行的推测。其中情态动词不表示时间，只表示说话人推测的把握性大小，之后的have done结构不表示完成，只表示动作发生在过去。

（三）上述情态动词的推测用法的否定形式为“情态动词+not+have done”, 其中must 的否定形式用can’t。

还需要注意的是，如果情态动词would, could, should分别用作“愿意，可以，应该”等情态意义时，would have done, could have done, should have done等结构也可表示对过去没有发生的事实的遗憾或谴责, 属于虚拟语气的一种。比如：

8. They would have come to my party yesterday, if they had got our invitation in time.

如果他们及时收到我们的请贴，他们昨天一定会来参加我们的派对的。

9. They could have finished their job by 5 p.m. but they stopped to play chess.

他们本来可以在下午５点完成工作的，但是他们停下来下棋了。

10. You should have been here last night. The performance is fantastic!

你昨晚真应该来这儿，演出太精彩了！

可以看出，上述8-10句中的“情态动词＋have done”结构所指的时间也是过去，但说话人心里很确定这些动作是没有发生过的。与3-7句最大的不同在于，8-10 句的主语可以是第一人称，说话人知道自己没做过某事而感到遗憾或自责。而3-7句中的主语通常不可能是第一人称，因为我们通常不可能不知道自己是否做过什么事情而自己进行推测。如：I should have been here last night.只可能理解成“我昨晚真应该来这里的。”而不可能理解成“我昨晚可能在这里吧。”

综上所述，对于will have done，或者其他情态动词＋have done 这种结构，要根据具体语境以及表示时间的状语的不同来理解

(完整版)wouldshouldcouldhavedone用法和区别

would/could/might/should have done等 用法和区别 一、在虚拟语气中的用法（情态动词都是过去时态！） 1. should have done：原本应该做某事，(否)shouldn't have done :原本不该做某事 2. ought to have done 原本应该做某事，(否) oughtn't to have done :原本不该做某事 注意： ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用must ）． should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化 3. need have done 原有必要做某事 (否) needn't have done 原本没必要做某事 注意：做情态动词，need的过去式仍然是need;做实意动词，need 的过去式是needed. 4.could have done 原本能够做某事 注意： couldn't have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 can't have done：过去不可能做了某事 5.might have done 原本可以做某事 注意： might not have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 may not have done：过去可能没有做某事

6.would have done原本会做某事 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 二、对过去事情表推测的用法(情态动词用原型或过去式都可以，只是在说话者看来，可能性大小稍微有所不同而已) 1. must have done：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could)have done：“不可能做过某事”来表示： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't/couldn`t have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could/can have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？ 2. may / might have done may / might have done：过去可能做了某事，may 比 might 表示可能性稍大些。 may/might not have done过去可能没有做某事： I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。

情态动词+have done

情态动词+ have + done用法 1、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“_____________”，该结构只用于________。 1). It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 翻译： 2). He is playing on the playground, he must have finished his homework. 翻译： 2、“can't/couldn’t+ have+ done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成 “___________________”。 1). Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 翻译： 2). Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 翻译： 3、“could+have+done” 有两种用法，一种表示猜测，“_____________________”，用于疑问句；另一种是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是________________________。 1）What could have happened? 翻译： 2）He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 翻译： 4、“can+have+done”(较少使用)表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成 “_____________”。 1). There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 翻译： 2). There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 翻译： 5、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“_______________”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. 翻译： 6、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。

could have done 用法

could have done 用法 1.表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could 可以用于肯定句）。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？ They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 2.表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了—— 你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 3.表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如： She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。 It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。 有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如： She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。 Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。 4.表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？ I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了。 5.表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”。如： You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打。 You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的。 6.表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如： You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。 You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢? 7.表示可能达到的极限：表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事，但还是未能做成，通常用于否定句。如： I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了，所以我就没有参加赛跑。

情态动词+have_done结构(过去推测结构)

情态动词+have_done结构 一、“must+have+done” 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done” 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

三、“can+have+done” 表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done” 是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，译成“本来能够”做某事而没有做。 1. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done” 表示对过去发生的事情的推测，译成“可能已经”，用于肯定句中。——What has happened to George? ——I don't know. He may have got lost. ——乔治发生了什么事？ ——我不知道，他可能迷路了。

最新小升初英语语法零基础 can have done用法小结

小升初英语语法零基础：can have done用法小结 can have done can have done 通常只用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句时表否定推断，推测肯定没做；用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”，表示怀疑。例如： Can he have done such a foolish thing? (= Is it possible …?) 他会做这样的傻事吗？（表怀疑） He can't have taken it home. 他不可能把它带回家了。（表不可能） could have done could have done 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做，有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意，也可以表示对过去动作的推测；用于否定句和疑问句的情况与can have done 相同。例如： You could have done better, but you didn't try your best. 你本可以做得更好，但是你没有尽力而为。（表惋惜） This glass is cracked. Someone could have dropped it. 这个玻璃杯破了。可能是谁把它掉在地上了。（表推测过去） Could he have left the work unfinished?

他会丢下工作不干了？（表怀疑） He couldn't have checked out so early. 他不可能这么早就离开了。（表不可能） 注意：can't have done 的语气比 couldn't have done 要强一些。例如：He can't have been to that town. 他根本不可能去过那座城市。（语气略强） The measurement couldn't have been wrong. 测量不可能出错了吧。（语气稍弱）

情态动词-have-done的用法

“情态动词+have done”的用法 “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳： 1．should (ought to) have＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。 2．needn’t have＋过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ h ave come this morning. (06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3．must have＋过去分词 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。

have_sth_done_简化课件

have sth done简化课件 <一>have+名词+过去分词 have your hair cut have your house painted have your photos taken have your car repaired have your bike mended/fixed have your new flat decorated/ redecorated have sth rebuilt have sth dry-cleaned have sth photocopied/framed have sth sent upstairs have one’s new furniture delivered etc --pay sb or a professional person to do sth for you, or you arrange for sth to be done: I had my appendix removed when I was six. / When did you last have the house decorated? / The place is looking much better since they had it redecorated.自从他们请人重新装修后，这个地方看起来漂亮多了。/ She wanted to have her portrait painted by a famous artist.她想请一位著名的画家给她画肖像. have/get one’s car serviced It’s time I had the car serviced. get/have a prescription filled get/have your hair permed(烫发) get/have sth fixed get/have your house done up(整修,修缮;打扮,梳头) get/have a job costed(估价) We'll have/get your luggage delivered to the airport. 比较: We'll have someone deliver your luggage to the airport. While I was in Singapore I had/got my eyes tested. 比较: While I was in Singapore I had a doctor test my eyes. While I was in Singapore I got a doctor to test my eyes. We ought to have/get her examined by a doctor.我们应该找个医生给她检查一下。 Where can I have/get this printed?我在哪里能(找人)把这份东西打印出来呢？ Got in this pattern is normally only used in conversation and informal writing. Why don't you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发? * They're going to have their house painted.他们准备把房子粉刷一下. * We're having our car repaired.我们的汽车正在修理. We're having the house painted next month./ Where do you normally have your hair done? We'd only just had a new engine put in. / I had your rooms cleaned and aired. I had my nose straightened by a plastic surgeon. / He had his hair cut short by a barber. / The doctor said I should have this mole removed. / We are having new windows installed. / I just had new tires put on the car. <二> have+名词+过去分词 1遭受、蒙受他人行为之不愉快的后果 have sth stolen/broken/taken etc --suffer the consequences of another person's action:

不定式完成式to have done用法

情态动词+have done用法 1. Something may have happened to her. 她可能发生了什么事情。 She might have had an accident. 她或许遭受了意外. So she must have taken that too. 因此，她肯定把它也带走了。 1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词＋不定式的完成时”，表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。 (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用can't have done。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了，我是用挂号寄的。 (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “可能做过某事”，就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。 (3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't. 我本该在九点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。 (4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”，但实际上又做了。 He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did. 他本不该在九点前离开伦敦，但是他离开了。 (5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“不可能做过某事”。 She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。 (6) could have done 可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”。 He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. 他本来可以按时干完活的，但他没有卖力。 (7) needn't have done 表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”。 I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there). 昨天我没必要去办公室（但我却去了）。 (8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。 He might have given more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他很忙，也可以多帮点忙。 情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。 一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构needn't have done 表示

情态动词have_done

情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下： 一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句. 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗? 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做. He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ —我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might 与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了.含有指责对方或自责的含意 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。 “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。 1．should (ought to) have＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not ／ought not to have＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.（04’广西卷） A.should have arrived B.should arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”.故答案选[A] 2．needn’t have＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.(06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。 3．must have＋过去分词用于肯定句,表示‘过去一定做过某事’,表示一种很有把握的推测 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .（05’北京春季） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped [解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。 I ____have been more than six years old when the accident happened.(05’天津卷) A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't [解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[b] 。 4．may／might have＋过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷) A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t Key:[b] 5．can／could have＋过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。 --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York . --- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿with Barbara． A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: [A] 巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? ---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all. A. couldn’t have waited B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to D. should wait 2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must 3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?” 1

情态动词+have_done_结构

情态动词+have+done 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ —我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、“ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、“need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 1.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。

(完整版)havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结

havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done，have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。 例：①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 （2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。 例：①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 （3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。 例：①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。

(4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例：①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例：①I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 （2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。 例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。（1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。 例：①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起

“could +have+过去分词”的10种用法

“could +have+过去分词”的10种用法 一、表示主观猜测 即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能已经…”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river. 由于有河水声我们不能听见他们的话。 Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。 【说明】该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句，而could可以用于肯定句。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗? They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 二、表示未曾实现的能力 即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以、本来能够”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets. 我们本可以不买票就进去—根本没人收票。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。 有时用于反语中。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 三、表示未曾实现的可能性 即表示过去本来可能发生的情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以、本来可能”