南师大英语语言学03-07复试题

2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、判断

Passage one:

The study of how we do things with sentence is the study of speech acts. In studying speech acts, we are acutely aware of the importance of the context of utterance. In some circumstances There is a sheepdog in the closet is a warning, but the same sentence may be a promise or even a mere statement of fact, depending on circumstances. We call this purpose----a warning, a promise, a threat, or whatever----the illocutionary force of a speech act.

Speech act theory aims to tell us when we appear to ask questions but are really giving orders, or when we say one thing with special (sarcastic) intonation and mean the opposite. Thus, at a dinner table, the question Can you pass the salt? means the order Pass the salt! It is not a request for information, and yes is an inappropriate response.

1.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speaker’s intention in uttering something.

2.Because the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics.

3.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Look out!” is a suggestion.

4.The speech act theory originated with the British philosophy John Austin in the late 70’s.

5.Billy and Joe were long-time pals. One time Billy was in desperate need of money. His car had broken down and he needed $300 to fix it. So, he asked Joe for a load. Joe said he could lend Billy the money. This made Billy happy and he said to Joe;

(a) “You are a terrible friend.”

It is non-sarcastic answer.

(b) “You are a fine friend.”

It is a sarcastic one.

Passage two

Inflectional is a term used in Morphology to refer to one of the two main categories or processes of sword formation, the other being derivational. These terms also apply to the two types of affix involved in word formation. Inflectional affixes signal grammatical relationships, such as plural, past tense and possession, and do not change the grammatical class of the stems t which they are attached; that is, the words constitute a single paradigm, e.g. walk, walks, walked. A word is said to “inflect for” past tense, plural, etc. In traditional (pre-linguistic) grammatical studies, the term “accidence” was used in this sense.

In the phrase inflecting language (“inflectional” or “inflected” language), the term re fers to a type of language established by comparative linguistics using structural (as opposed to diachronic) criteria, and focusing on the characteristics of the word. In this kind of language, words display grammatical relationships morphologically: they typically contain more than one morpheme but, unlike agglutinative languages, there is no one-to-one correspondence between these morphemes and the linear sequence of morphs. In languages such as Latin, Greek, Arabic etc. the inflectional forms of words may represent several morphological oppositions, e.g. in Latin amo(I love), the form simultaneously represents present tense, active, first person singular, indicative. This “fusing” of properties has led to such languages being called fusional and had moti vated the word-and-a model of analysis. As always in such classifications, the categories are not clear-cut: different languages will display the characteristic of inflection to a greater or lesser degree.

1.A language in which nouns have inflectional properties is an inflectional language.

2.The affix “un-” or “dis-” is an inflectional affix.

3.The agglutinative language is a language that typically expresses concepts in complex words consisting of many elements, rather than by inflection or by using isolated elements.

4.Many English adjectives have inflectional properties.

5.The Chinese language is an agglutinative language.

Passage three

Each tongue draws a circle about the people whom it belongs, and it is possible to leave this circle only by simultaneously entering that of another people. Learning a foreign language ought hence to be the conquest of a new standpoint in the previously prevailing cosmic attitude of the individual. In fact, it is so to a certain extent, inasmuch as every language contains the entire fabric of concepts and the conceptual approach of a portion of humanity. But this achievement is not complete, because one always carries over into a foreign tongue to a greater or lesser degree one’s own cosmic viewpoint—indeed one’s personal l inguistic pattern.

(von Humboldt [1836]1971:39-40)

1.This passage mainly discusses the relationship between one’s personal linguistic pattern and a foreign language.

2.According to the author of this passage, language is a powerful instrument that allows us to make sense of the world.

3.This passage reveals the fact that one’s own cosmic viewpoint determines linguistic orientation.

4.The author of this passage seems to believe that language and the world outlook are two sides of the coin.

5.The author of this passage seems to advocate that one’s language presupposes one’s way of thinking.

二、问答

1.Give examples to illustrate several different approaches to meaning.

2.Why do we need two principles of conversation, i.e. the cooperative principle and the politeness principle?

3.What does it mean that a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said?

4.What is the advantage of IC analysis? Take “Drive the car near the station” as an example.

5.Describe briefly the social differences in the use of language among speakers of the Chinese language.

三、评论

State clearly the interrelationship between language and cognition, giving theoretical analysis as well as empirical illustration.

2004年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、单选题。

1.The study of the way listeners perceive the sounds is called ______.

A) acoustic phonetics B) auditory phonetics

C) articulatory phonetics D) phonology

2.The word “FAQ” is an example of ________ in word f ormation.

A) acronym B) blending

C) functional shift D) back formation

3._______ is a sound made by bringing the back of the tongue into contact the velum, or the soft pate.

A) An alveolar B) A palatal

C) A velar D) A glottal

4.The relations between the wo rds “animal” and “fox” are ________.

A) hyponymy B) polysemy

C) homonymy D) synonymy

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,pared with “nurture” position, “nature” position advocates that human beings are innately equipped with _______ in the process of second language acquisition.

A) comprehensible input B) language acquisition device

C) competence D) language transfer

6.Field of discourse, _________, and mode of discourse are the three social variables that determine the register.

A) style of discourse B) formality of discourse

C) tenor of discourse D) content of discourse

7._________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.

A) Sense B) Reference

C) Concept D) Symbol

8.The relationship between “married/ single” is ________.

A) relational opposites B) complementary

C) gradable opposites D) homonymy

9._____ was built on American structuralism and behaviorist psychology.

A) Audiolingualism B) Direct method

C) Situation language teaching D) Functional language teaching

10.The sen tence “The horse race past the barn fell” is an example of _________.

A) simple sentence B) complex sentence

C) ambiguous sentence D) garden path sentence

二、定义

1.phoneme

2.semantic features:

3.idiolect:

4.homonymy:

5.code switching:

6.Critical Period Hypothesis:

7.displacement: 8.synchronicity:

9.homonymy: 10.inflection:

三、判断

1.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Freeze!” is a warning.

2.Since the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics.

3.Interlanguage is a second language.

4.All languages change through time.

5.All grammars contain rules for the formation of the words and sentences of a similar kind.

6.G. Leech proposes the Cooperative Principle as a supplement to the Politeness Principle.

7.The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning.

8.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speaker’s intention in uttering something.

9.Duality of language donates the spoken form and written form of language.

10.Taboo refers to a descriptive term used in reference to words (or acts) that are not to be used (or performed) in “polite society”.

11.Diglossia refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism.

12.Similar grammatical categories (for example, noun, verb) are found in almost every language in the world.

13.There is no gender difference in the use of intonation and lexical choices.

14.Such types of utterances like question-answer, greeting-greeting, apology- minimization are adjacency pairs.

15.The meaning which the speaker doesn’t assert but assumes the hearer can identify from the sentence refers to the presupposed meaning.

四、问答

1.Discuss the relationship between thought and language.

2.Draw a tree diagram for each of the following to show its syntactic structure.

A. the man with the hat

B. The child found the puppy.

3.Give some examples to illustrate the error analysis.

4.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle?

A: How do you like my painting?

B: I don’t have an eye for beauty, I’m afraid.

5.What is the distinction between sentence meaning and utterance meaning?

6.Give examples to illustrate several different methods for addition of new words.

[ 本帖最后由虹影的小窝于2007-6-29 20:35 编辑]

2005年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、单选。

1.All the following languages belong to the Indo-European family except ________.

A). English

B) Chinese

C) German

D) French

2.From linguistics is formal in the sense that ________.

A) it studies languages that existed a long time ago.

B) it studies social formalities in language learning.

C) it is a branch of science.

D) it studies language chiefly by looking at its formal structure.

3. The word “faction” is an example of ________ in word formation.

A) acronym

B) blending

C) functional shift

D) back formation

4.The sentence “Hopefully, it will not rain tomorrow.” was criticized in _______.

A) formal

B) functional

C) descriptive

D) prescriptive

5. Greetings such as “How are you” and “Good morning” are ________ in function.

A) phatic

B) informative

C) expressive

D) vocative

6._______ has become one of the main features of the interlanguage.

A) Fossilization

B) Utilization

C) Assimilation

D) Deletion

7.Generally speaking, _______ is not the theories concerning how language is learned.

A) behaviorist view of language acquisition

B) innatist view of language acquisition

C) interactionist view of language acquisition

D) psychological view of language acquisition

8.When the notion of ______ was taken into consideration, semantics spilled over into pragmatics.

A) text

B) context

C) texture

D) intertextuality

9.The term ________ refers to a sociolinguistic situation similar to bilingualism.

A) diglossia

B) langue

C) parole

D) multiculturalism

10.“Received Pronunciation” (RP) exemplifies _______.

A) sociolect

B) regional dialect

C) ethnic dialect

D) idiolect

二、定义

1.allophone:

2.polysemy:

3.cultural diffusion:

4.speech community:

5.integrative motivation:

6.speech act theory:

7.context: 8.surface structure:

9.presequence: 10.motherese:

三、判断

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,nguage itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes.

2.Irony could be a means to solve the conflict between CP and PP.

3.The principal features of audiolinguilism are an emphasis on structures in language which can be learned as regular patterns of verbal behavior and the belief that the learning is a process of habit formation.

4.The direct method proposes that the teacher should be silent as much as possible and should encourage the learners to produce as much as possible.

5.Meaning shift refers to a semantic change in which the meaning of a word changes in time.

6.In most cases the illocutionary force of “It’s noisy outside!” is a warning.

7. Performatives were the statements that either state or describe, and were thus verifiable.

8.The function words of a language are sometimes called open class words.

9.Cognitive linguistics is a new branch of linguistics within the framework of second generation cognitive science.

10.Displacement means that language can be used to refer to contexts removed fro the immediate situations of the speaker.

11.The famous type of question “Have you stopped beating your wife?” is disallowed in court, because accepting the validity of the question means accepting its presupposition.

12.Idiolect is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variants.

13.The basic principle of the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is using one letter from American English to represent one speech sound.

14.Whorf’s theory is a typical example of linguistic determinism.

15 Approbation maxim is one maxim of the politeness principle.

四、问答

1.There are two groups of words below. Analyze the relationships between them.

(a) sofa, chair, bed, furniture, table

(b) happy/ sad; buy/ sell; awake/ asleep

2.Draw two possible tree diagrams for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure.

The boy saw the man with the telescope.

3.Specify the two approaches to sociolinguistic studies.

4 What are the differences between phonetics and phonology?

5.Give a brief introduction to predication analysis.

五、评论

Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.

----Walt Whiteman

2006年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、单选题。

1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?

A) Language is a system. B) Language is symbol

C) Animals also have language. D) Language is arbitrary.

2.The word “partner reduction” is an example of _______ in word formation or use.

A) acronym B) blending C) euphemism D) back formation

3.All words contain a _______.

A) root B) bound morpheme C) prefix D) suffix

4.When we say that we can change the second word in the sentence “He is waiting outside” with another word or phrase, we are talking about ________ inside the sentence.

A) syntactic relations B) paradigmatic relations

C) linear relations D) government

5.Chomsky holds that the major task of linguists is to _______.

A) tell people how to speak appropriately.

B) study real “ facts” in daily s ettings.

C) look for “the universal grammar”.

D) tell people what is right in language use.

6._______ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a summation of the meaning of each constituent word.

A) Collocation B) Idiom C) Semantic component D) synonym

7.“We can do things with words”---- this is the main idea of ______.

A) the Speech Act Theory B) the Cooperative Principle

C) the Politeness Principle D) semantics

8.Which of the following words is a derivational one ________?

A) black board B) teaches C) consideration D) books

9.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn’t it?” is _________.

A) informative B) phatic C) directive D) performative

10.________ is not a suprasegmental feature.

A) Aspiration B) Intonation C) Stress D) Tone

二、定义

1.formality:

2.constatives:

3.illocutionary act:

4.phoneme:

5.resultative motivation:

6.cognitive strategies:

7.critical Period Hypothesis: 8.positive transfer:

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,prehensible input: 10.priming effect:

三、判断

1.Simplification of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or complication.

2.Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.

3.Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences.

4.Phonology is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and hear.

5.The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it

should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.

6.The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of vocabulary and grammar of a language.

7.Broad transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.

8.Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.

9.The notion of context is essential to the semantic study of language.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,nguage is both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.

四、问答

1.Specify the cognitive factors in child language development.

2.Draw the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic structure. The boy who was sleeping was dreaming.

3.Specify the five types of synonyms.

4.What are the possible causes of language change?

五、评论

Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground.

Walt Whiteman

Do you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?

2007年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试

一、单选10%

1 ________ is the characteristic of interlanguage.

A) fossilization B) assimilation

C) transcription D) aspiration

2 Big and small are _______.

A) gradable antonyms B) complementary antonyms

C) relational opposite D) dialectal synonyms

3 ________ is not suprasegmental feature.

A) intonation B) tone C) stress D) aspiration

4 Vibration of the vocal cords will produce _________.

A) aspiration B) nasalization C) voicing D) voiceless

5 _______ emphases the importance of "standard" rules.

A) prescriptive B) descriptive C) synchronic D) diachronic

6 _______ is the minimal pairs.

A) put and tup B) cool and curl C) bit and bike D) peak and peek

7 The bound morpheme in "tables" is _________.

A) free morpheme B) derivational morpheme

C) inflectional morpheme D) stem

8 The difference between vowels and consonants lies in _______.

A) the nasality of the pronunciation B) aspiration of the sounds.

C) intonation of the sounds. D) the obstruction of the airstream.

9 Words "kid, child, offspring" belong to _______.

A) stylistic synonyms B) emotive synonyms

C) collocational synonyms D) complete synonyms

10 The sentence "The horse race past the barn fell" is _______.

A) simple sentence B) complex sentence

C) ambiguous sentence D) garden path sentence

二、定义50% （每个定义限词20个单词）

1 free morpheme

2 performatives

3 declarations

4 linguistic repertiore

5 caretaker talk

6 negative transfer

7 intrinsic motivation 8 metacognitive strategies

9 bottom-up processing 10 entailment

三、判断10%

1 Holiday originally means a holy day, but nowadays it means a day off word. It is called meaning narrowing.

2 Diglossia is similar to bilingualism.

3 languages are both arbitrary and non-arbitrary.

4 Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentence.

5 Five general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in strength.

6 Sense means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.

7 Conceptualists hold that there is no direct link between a word form and the referent. They link

between the mediation of the concept of the mind.

8 The analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be used. This is called the prescriptive approach.

9 The term “learning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in communicative situation. The term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of vocabulary and grammar of a language.

10 Affect strategies are dealing with the ways learners interact or communicate with other speakers, native or nonnative.

四、问答题60% (每个问题限词100)

1 write the tree diagram to show its syntactic structure.

The woman who married him thinks that the president will win.

2 Write the meaning of the following words and point out the word formation.

blog, autocide, FAQ, ableism, enthuse.

3 Talk about "performance analysis " and its pedagogical implications.

4 Give the reasoning precess of the dialogue below as well as its conversational implicature.

A：Will Sally be at the meeting?

B: Her car broke down.

====＞Sally will not be at the meeting.

五、写评论20% (限字数100)

We think so because other people all think so ; or because after all , we do think so ; or because we were told so , and think we must think so ; or because we once thougut so , and we still think so ; or because , having thought so ,we think we will think so.

-----Henry Sedgwick

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

华师在线-网院-英语语言学复习资料(考试题库)

Which of the following forms a minimal pair? A.fear, pear B.tip, pit C.food, foot D.beat, bit 答案:D The word "realization" consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes. A.five/five B.five/four C.four/three D.four/four 答案:C Which of the following best describes the relations between “Alice is a vegetarian” and “Alice prefers eating steak”? A.The former is synonymous with the latter. B.The former is inconsistent with the latter. C.The former entails the latter. D.The former presupposes the latter. 答案:B Which of the following underlined parts is a free morpheme? A.understandable B.eastward C.otherwise D.without 答案:D Which of the following is a directive? A.Your money or your life! B.You are fired! C.The earth is round. D.Thank you very much. 答案:A How many arguments are there in “I’m not feeling very well”? A.no B.one C.three D.five 答案:B The word “boatel” is a(n) ____. A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:B ‘Parent’ and ‘child’ are ___. A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,plementary synonyms 答案:C Which of the following is the head of the phrase ‘often read science fictions’? A.often B.read C.science D.fictions 答案:B ‘That is a box’ is a ___-place predication. A.no B.one C.two D.three 答案:B The word “DINK” is a(n) ____. A.acronym B.blend C.clipped word D.coined word 答案:A Around the time of their second birthday, children begin to produce ____ utterances. A.one-word B.two-word C.three-word D.four-word 答案:B Which of the following underlined parts is NOT an inflectional morpheme? A.teeth B.speaking C.taken D.chaos 答案:D The design features of human language include the following features EXCEPT____. A.duality of structure B.genetic feature C.arbitrariness D.displacement 答案:B ‘Like’ and ‘dislike’ are ___. A.gradable antonyms B.ungradable opposites C.relational opposites https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6314544489.html,plementary synonyms 答案:A Which of the following is an expressive? A.The earth is a globe. B.Your money or your life! C.I’m very grateful for your help. D.I fire you. 答案:C ‘Slim’ and‘skinny’ are ___. A.dialectal synonyms B.collocational synonyms C.stylistic synonyms D.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning 答案:D Which of the following best explains the relationship between “I like Beijing opera” and “I dislike Beijing opera”? A.inconsistency B.anomaly C.contradiction D.entailment 答案:A The chief exponent of the behaviorist view of language acquisition is ____. A.Bloomfield

2021复旦大学英语语言文学考研参考书真题经验

复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验

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