glossary 电池培训专业词汇

电池英文专业词汇培训

1电压Voltage

2电流Current

3Charge/Discharge 充放电

4Capacity 容量

5Safety 安全性

6 Impedance/resistance (内阻/电阻)

7 cycle循环

8 Component /structure:零部件/结构

9 Others其他

1、Voltage: 电压

open circuit voltage > nominal voltage > working voltage >

Voltage：Units of measuring electrical current, all batteries are rated in volts DC. (Direct Current). This determines how much energy is needed to power your equipment.

Voltage plateau:（电压平台）：A slow decrease in voltage over a long period of time. As a rule, the plateau extends from the first voltage drop at the start of the discharge to the bend of the curve after which the voltage drops rapidly at the end.

Nominal Voltage（标称电压）：The battery's average voltage during discharging with a low current strength. ：The manufacturer specifies the value on the accumulator.

Open circuit voltage(OCV开路电压)：The voltage of a battery when there is no net current flowing.

The open circuit voltage is the voltage of an accumulator which is without external consumers (not under load). It is generally higher than the nominal voltage.

Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV闭路电压)：The potential or voltage of a battery when it is discharging or

charging.

Initial voltage（起始电压）：A battery's initial voltage is the working voltage when discharging begins.

Measurement usually follows, as soon as current has flowed long enough for the voltage to remain at a constant level, for example after 10% usage of a previously fully-charged cell.

Working voltage（工作电压）：The working voltage of a cell or battery begins at its electrical

connections as soon as an electrical consumer is connected to it; it is smaller than the nominal voltage.

Discharging voltage, average (放电电压)：The average discharging voltage is the average value of the

discharging voltage during the entire discharging process with a related discharging current.

End-point voltage (End voltage, Cutoff voltage, Final voltage)截止电压: Specified closed circuit

voltage at which a service output test is terminated.

open-circuit, IR-free, voltage :The voltage of a battery (at a specified state-of-charge and temperature) in the absence of charge or discharge current. It varies during the period following a charge or discharge and with state-of-charge. Also known as no-load voltage, it is a dynamic, derived value. At steady state (with no current), the IR-free OCV approaches the true open-circuit voltage。

nominal operating voltage (标称工作电压)：The voltage of a battery, as specified by the manufacturer, discharging at a specified rate and temperature.

end-of-discharge voltage ：The battery voltage when discharge is terminated.

end-of-charge voltage：The battery voltage when charge is terminated.

Discharge Voltage Limit（minimum discharge voltage）放电限制电压：The minimum voltage under load permitted during performance of the Peak Power Test and other performance tests. It is equal to 2/3 of the open circuit voltage at 80% DOD at beginning of life, unless the manufacturer specifies a more restrictive (higher) value.

cutoff voltage (V)：The battery voltage at which charge or discharge is terminated. average voltage (V) The ratio of the watt-hours delivered to the Ampere-hours delivered for a given discharge or charge. Not necessarily a simple average of

voltage over time. Also known as current weighted voltage.

2、Current：电流

current {I} (A) ：The rate of flow of electricity in a circuit.

Constant Current（恒流）：Charging or discharging method in which current does not change appreciably in magnitude regardless of battery voltage or temperature.

current collector（集流器）：A part of an electrode that conducts electrons. It may also serve as a structural support for the electrode.

current density (mA/cm2)电流密度：The current per unit electrode area. Determined by dividing the charge

or discharge current by the total geometric (projected) area of the

positive or negative electrode.

short-circuit current （短路电流）：That current delivered when a battery is short-circuited (i.e., the positive and negative terminals are directly connected with alow-resistance conductor).

Voltaic：The ratio of average voltage during discharge of a battery to the average voltage during charge with the prior or subsequent restoration of an equivalent capacity.

Ampere-Hours：Product of current (amperes), multiplied by time (in hours) the circuit is closed (current flowing).

net Ampere-hours (Ah)：For a discharge test including both negative (discharge) and positive (regen) current or power steps, the difference between the Ah removed from the battery during discharge steps and the Ah returned to the battery during regen steps, regardless of battery charge acceptance.

3、Charge/Discharge 充放电

Charge

The process of putting energy into a battery

Recharging（再充电）：Creating a fully-charged state from any charged state (e.g. caused by

self-discharging).

recharge factor：The inverse of the coulombic efficiency, expressed as a ratio, for a cycle.

Self-Discharge（自放电）:The process of a battery releasing its energy without being used. This can

occur by just sitting on the shelf. Most batteries self-discharge about 1 to 2 percent each day, depending on temperature and humidity.

Self Discharge Rate（自放电率）：The rate at which a cell or battery loses its capacity when standing idle. Over discharge（过充）: Continue to discharge after a battery voltage drops below its end-point voltage. Remaining charge：Full charge from undefined charge state.

Deep discharge：State in which a cell is fully discharged using low current, so that the voltage falls below the final discharging voltage.

Buffer charging：Charging method for emergency power batteries which uses a very small amount of charging current（充电电流）：The emergency power battery is continuously charged to compensate for possible losses in capacity. The battery is charged to 100% during the entire period of operation. Discharge characteristics (Discharge curve)放电曲线: Change of a battery voltage with discharge.

Charging, I characteristic

Charging with constant current without voltage monitoring. This is only expedient for small charging currents (e.g. I20), since otherwise parasitic reactions (increased temperature, water loss) can occur. Charging, IU characteristic

Charging is performed with a constant current until a gassing voltage is attained. Switchover is then made to U characteristic, the cutoff voltage lying below the gassing voltage. This results in the current dropping so sharply that the battery cannot be overcharged.

Charging, U characteristic

Charging with constant (cutoff) voltage. When the cutoff voltage is reached (e.g. 2.4 V per cell for a lead accumulator), the current is reduced automatically.

Charging, W characteristic

Charging using a resistance characteristic; the charging current drops as the charging voltage rises. When

cheap chargers are used, gas forms and water is lost during recharge operations.

trickle charge （涓流充电）：Low-rate charging current applied to a battery to maintain full charge.

overcharge (Ah)（过充）：The amount by which the charge Ampere-hours exceed the Amperehours removed on the previous discharge, sometimes reported as a percentage. Occasionally, this excess is normalized to the rated capacity.

high-rate discharge（高倍率放电）：A qualitative term indicating a discharge rate that is usually greater than the Ci /1 rate, e.g., 2Ci rate, where i is an integer denoting the rate at which C was determined. See discharge rate (Ci /X)

float charge：Charging a battery at a fixed voltage for extended periods of time to obtain or maintain the fully charged condition.

finishing charge rate：The current specified for completing the charging of a battery that is nearing 100% state of charge.

Equalization：The process of restoring all cells in a battery to an equal state-of charge. This can consist of a prolonged charge or a complete discharge to a shorted condition, depending on the battery technology.

discharge rate（放电倍率）：The current during discharge of a battery. The current can be expressed in amperes, but more commonly it is normalized to the rated capacity (C) of the battery, and expressed as Ci /X, where i is the hour rate for the rated capacity, and X is a time specification, usually in hours. If i is not given, it is assumed to be the same as X.

discharge step：A change from one power level to another in a discharge profile. discharge segment A subsection of a profile. A convenient, contiguous grouping of specific steps in a profile.

discharge profile：The longest, unique repeating unit of a discharge regime (specifically, 360 sec for the DST; 1372 seconds for the FUDS)

discharge regime：Schedule used for battery discharge that follows a particular current (or power) versus time sequence. Recharge segments may be included. The USABC's Dynamic Stress Test (DST) is a discharge regime commonly used to evaluate the service life of EV batteries.

depth-of-discharge {DOD} (%)：The ratio of the net Ampere-hours discharged from a battery at a given rate to the rated capacity.

deep discharge （深度放电）：A qualitative term indicating the withdrawal of a significant percentage of capacity (typically, 80 percent or more).

4、Capacity容量

Capacity

The amount of energy a battery can store. Measured in Amp Hours or Milliamp Hours, this is the length of time the battery can supply the required voltage.

capacity {C} (Ah)：The total number of Ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified conditions. Also referred to as coulombic capacity.

theoretical capacity (理论容量)：The capacity of a cell's active material, assuming 100% utilization. specific capacity (比容量mAh/g)：Capacity per unit weight of active material. This term is usually applied to active materials and/or electrodes (that is, including current collectors).

residual capacity (剩余容量Ah)：The Ampere-hours that can be discharged from a battery at a

specified discharge rate and temperature after it has been exposed to specified conditions, such as

driving-profile or open-circuit stand tests.

rated capacity (额定容量Ah)：The developer's or manufacturer's specification for capacity. This single value is chosen by the manufacturer to best represent the expected performance of the item when tested under all the conditions of this manual.

energy output, or energy capacity (能量Wh) The total watt-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery for a specific set of operating conditions including temperature, rate, age, stand time, and discharge cutoff criteria (specified by battery manufacturer).

Ci (Ah)：The capacity in Ampere-hours obtained from a battery discharged at a constant current to an end-of-discharge condition (discharge cutoff voltage) in precisely i hours. Ci is established once and is not adjusted through the battery's life.

available, or deliverable, capacity (Ah) ：The total ampere-hours that can be withdrawn from a fully charged cell or battery for a specific set of operating conditions including discharge rate, temperature, age, stand time, and any discharge cutoff criteria specified by the battery manufacturer.

Capacity, residual：The capacity that can be drawn from a battery with an unspecified charge state (e.g. after a long period of non-use) when discharging with nominal current.

Rated Capacity（额定功率）：Measured in 'Ah' or 'Mah' capacity is determined by the cell manufacturer.

This number is then used to determine run time and is also in warranty olicies.

temperature coefficient of capacity（电容温度系数）：The ratio of the change in available capacity because of a battery temperature change relative to the available capacity at a specified temperature.

state-of-charge {SOC} (%)：The ratio of the Ampere-hours remaining in a battery at a given rate to the rated capacity under the same specified conditions (SOC =100% – DOD).

5、Safety 安全性能

Failure：失效

A state in which a battery no longer functions satisfactorily. There are several forms of failure.

Failure, permanent永久失效

A state in which a cell or battery cannot be recharged to a satisfactory level.

Failure, reversible可逆失效

A failure condition that can be remedied by using particular electrical procedures or by reconditioning. Thermal runaway

Continuous heating of the electrolyte up to the boiling point due to an increase in charging current as the charging voltage decreases (lead accumulator with falling charge characteristic).

Load

Describes the current in amperes with which a fully charged battery can be loaded over a defined period and at a defined temperature without the voltage falling below a pre-specified cutoff voltage.

Storage（贮存）: Store the battery under specified conditions.

Internal short circuit: Direct contact electrically between the positive electrode and negative electrode caused by damage to the separator or gasket, or the presence of a conductor piercing the separators. A battery will become completely exhausted before use.

thermal loss (热损耗) ：The power required to maintain a battery at its specified operating temperature, normalized by the battery*s rated energy capacity.

Gassing（放出气体）：The evolution of gas at the interface between the electrolyte and the surface of an electrode (or both electrodes) in a cell.

end of (life cycle) test：The condition that occurs when the actual performance of the test unit degrades to a level defined in the test plan and life-cycle testing is to be terminated. This end-of-test condition may or may not be related to end-of-life depending on test plan objectives.

end-of-life：The stage at which the battery meets specific failure criteria (e.g., capacity and/or power degradation). Specifically, when either: (1) the net delivered capacity of a cell, module, or battery is less than 80% of its rated capacity when measured on the DST (Reference Performance Test); or (2) the peak power capability (determined using the Peak Power Test) is less than 80% of the rated power at 80% DOD.

Dynamic Stress Test (DST) ：A variable-power discharge regime, developed by USABC to simulate expected demands of an EV battery. This specific regime can effectively simulate dynamic discharging and can be implemented with equipment at most test laboratories and developers.

core performance tests ：The minimal set of tests that must be initially performed on every USABC test unit, and which is a subset of the general performance characterization tests. Refer to Figure 1. Outline of USABC Laboratory Battery Testing Process in this manual for a list of included tests.

6、Impedance/resistance (内阻/电阻)

Impedance ：The total opposition that a battery offers to the flow of alternating current. Impedance is a combination of resistance and reactance.

Constant Resistance（恒内阻）：Commonly found in devices which maintain a constant resistance throughout the battery discharge. As the battery is drained, both voltage and current decline.

Internal resistance（内电阻）: Resistant component in a battery that makes discharge reaction slow.

internal impedance (ohm)：Opposition to the flow of an alternating current at a particular frequency in a battery at a specified state-of-charge and temperature.

Leakage resistance（漏电阻）: Enduring characteristics against leakage.

7、Cycle 循环

cycle：The period commencing from the start of one charge/discharge to the start of the next

charge/discharge where said period includes discharge time, open-circuit time, and charge time. The depth of discharge (or percentage of capacity) associated with each cycle must be specified.

Cycle Life （循环寿命）

The amount of times a battery may be charged and discharged. Every time a battery is charged and

discharged it uses one cycle.

Duty Cycle（负载周期）：The time duration and use frequency during which a battery is drained (i.e. 2 hours/day).

Service life 使用寿命

The length of satisfactory performance measured in years or charging / discharging cycles. A general term that describes the length of time a battery can remain in service. Normally, the service life consists of calendar and/or cycle life.

Service life, cyclical（循环使用寿命）

The number of cycles a battery lasts before its capacity falls below the acceptable value.

Service life, useful

The useful service life of an accumulator expressed as the period of time prior to its capacity falling to a specified component of the rated value.

calendar life：The length of time a battery can undergo some defined operation before

failing to meet its specified end-of-life criteria.

8、Component /structure:零部件/结构

Battery：Electrochemical cells electrically connected in a series and/or parallel arrangement. Cylindrical Battery（圆柱型电池）：A battery whose height is greater than its diameter. The term cylindrical is also used to describe batteries made up of cylindrical cells.

Electrolyte（电解液、电解质）: Medium in a battery which causes ions to move to create an

electrochemical reaction. Either water or non-aqueous solution is used as solvent. The latter is called

non-aqueous electrolyte solution, either organic or inorganic.

Electrode（电极）：The conducting body that contains active materials and through which current enters or leaves a cell.

positive electrode （阳电极、正电极）：Of the two electrodes comprising a cell, the electrode at which the associated half-cell reaction has the higher potential. It is positive in voltage relative to the other electrode of the cell. It is the electrode at which reduction occurs during (spontaneous) discharge of the cell.

Cathode（阴极、负极）：The electrode in an electrochemical cell at which reduction takes place.During discharge, the positive terminal of the cell is the cathode; however, during charge, the negative terminal of the cell is the cathode. For rechargeable batteries, the electrodes are normally referred to according to the reactions that occur during discharge.

negative electrode（阴电极、负电极）：Of the two electrodes comprising a cell, the electrode at which the associated half-cell reaction has the lower potential. It is negative in voltage relative to the other electrode of the cell. It is the electrode at which oxidation occurs during (spontaneous) discharge of the cell.

Anode（阳极、正极）The electrode in an electrochemical cell at which oxidation takes place.

During discharge, the negative terminal of the cell is the anode;

however, during charge, the positive terminal of the cell is the anode.

For rechargeable batteries, the electrodes are normally referred to

according to the reactions that occur during discharge.

battery cell（电池单体）：An assembly of at least one positive electrode, one negative electrode, and other necessary electrochemical and structural components. A cell is a self-contained energy conversion device whose function is to deliver electrical energy to an external circuit via a controlled internal chemical process. This chemical-to-electrical energy conversion process involves ionic transport between electrodes having different potentials.

battery module：The smallest grouping of physically and electrically connected cells that can be replaced as a unit. A module can be thought of as the smallest, repeating building block of a battery pack.

battery pack（电池组）：An array of interconnected modules that has been configured for its intended energy storage application, that is, the configuration is application dependent.

battery system（电池体系）：Completely functional energy storage system consisting of the pack(s) and necessary ancillary subsystems for physical support, thermal management, and electronic control. battery system mass fraction：Ratio of battery system weight to gross vehicle weight（车辆毛重）. battery volume (l) The volume of the battery. Cell, module, pack, or system should be specified, and should include the usable volume displaced.

Primary battery（一次电池）: Source of electrical energy obtained by the direct conversion of chemical energy and not designed to be charged by any other electrical source.

Rechargeable battery (Secondary battery二次电池): Source of electrical energy obtained by the direct

conversion of chemical energy designed to be charged by any other electrical source. It is also called a storage battery or accumulator.

Separator：A cell component placed between the negative and positive electrodes that acts as an electronic insulator and physical separator. The electrolyte (ionic conductor) may also act as a separator. Cell

The smallest unit of a battery, consisting of a positive and a negative electrode, a separator and the electrolyte. It stores electrical energy and forms the fundamental cornerstone of a battery if it is placed into a case and equipped with electrical connectors. The capacity of a cell is determined by its size. The cell voltage, however, depends on the electrochemical system of the element.

Buffer battery

An accumulator connected to a direct current source in order to reduce the voltage and current strength fluctuations.

Battery case =battery case = contain ：Battery box containing the plate blocks, the connectors and the

electrolyte.

Can (can = cover + case) ：Metallic outer cover of a primary or secondary cell.

Current collector ：The metallic part of an electrode which conducts electrons to and from the active material.

Grid plate：A grid in an electrochemical cell which is pasted with active mass.

Plate：An electrode consisting of active mass and conductive carrier.

Plug：Component with venting ducts for sealing a cell opening.

Pores：Cavities in an active battery mass.

Positive terminal (正极柱)：Positive pole on a cell or battery.

9、Others其他

acceleration power (kW) ：The battery power required to accelerate an electric vehicle from zero to a specified speed in a specified time. The battery voltage must be maintained above a specified minimum. For example, 50 kW acceleration power may be required when a vehicle is accelerated from 0 to 80 km per hour in 20 seconds, with battery voltage maintained above 2/3 of the open-circuit voltage (highest open-circuit encountered through entire state of charge) during the 50-kW discharge.

Active material（活性材料）: Electrode materials in a battery which cause an electrochemical reaction to

generate electricity. See chart below.

active material area loading (g/cm2) The weight of active material per unit electrode area.

Utilization factor: Ratio of usable capacity against theoretical capacity.

Test after storage: Test conducted within 2 weeks after storage.

Duration time (Duration period ): Time until a battery voltage exceeds the end-point voltage during discharge.

Polarization（极化）: Voltage deviation from equilibrium caused by charge or discharge.

Energy Density（能量密度）: Usable energy of a battery per unit volume or unit weight. The former is

called volumetric energy density (Wh/l); the latter gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg).

Initial test: Test conducted within 2 months of the production month.

utilization (%)利用率：The percentage by weight of the limiting active material present in an electrode that is electrochemically available for discharge at useful voltages. It is equal to the actual capacity divided by the theoretical

capacity.

throughput (Wh)：Cumulative, net energy output provided by a battery over its service life. It is the sum of all the energy delivered over all the discharges that the battery has provided.

specific power (W/kg)（单位功率）：The rated power of the battery divided by the total battery weight. Occasionally, referred to as gravimetric power density.

specific peak power (W/kg)：The peak power of the battery divided by the total battery weight. Othercommon (and similarly derived) terms include specific peak power and specific continuous power. specific energy (Wh/kg)（比能量）：The discharge energy capacity of the battery divided by the total battery

weight. Varies with discharge conditions.

regen (W)：The power delivered to a battery during regenerative braking.

regenerative braking：The recovery of some fraction of the energy normally dissipated in friction braking into energy to be stored in an energy storage device. Also referred to as regen braking. reference performance test：The set of tests to be performed periodically to monitor performance

degradation during life-cycle testing. Refer to Procedure #14C for details.

power-to-energy ratio {P/E} (h-1) : Ratio of the peak power obtained under specified conditions, such as depth-of-discharge, to the energy output obtained under specified discharge conditions.

power density (W/l): (功率密度)The rated power of the battery (W) divided by the total volume of the battery (l). Also referred to as volumetric power density. Other common (and similarly derived) terms include peak power density and continuous power density.

rated (W)：The manufacturer's specification of the discharge power capability of a battery.

peak (W)：The 30s sustained pulse power obtainable from a battery under specified conditions. The peak power (at a given DOD) can be calculated by deriving the battery resistance and equivalent IR-free voltage from measured changes in battery voltage and current (at the given DOD). Refer to Procedure #3 for details.

continuous (W)：A power level characteristic of a battery providing constant power for constant speed vehicle operation. Nominally, the power level required to remove 75% of the rated energy from the battery in 1 hour. Refer to Procedure #4, for details.

Peukert curve：Plot of the logarithm of the discharge rate versus the logarithm of discharge time to a specified end-of-discharge voltage.

performance degradation：The extent to which the battery system is unable to meet the original performance specification or rating established for the battery. Performance characteristics of interest include capacity and power requirements, as well as other standards, such as, energy efficiency and charge retention. See end-of-life.

nonaqueous batteries（干电池）: Batteries that do not contain water, such as those with molten salt, organic liquid, organic solid, or inorganic solid electrolytes.

mid-term：Performance demonstrated by vehicle road-test of full-scale experimental batteries. Volume production and processing capability demonstrated by limited-run prototype production in a pilot plant by mid-year 1995.

memory effect：A temporary loss of available battery capacity because of repetitive cycling to less than 100% DOD.

long-term：Design feasibility and performance benefits demonstrated by vehicle tests of full-scale experimental batteries by mid-year 1995.

hour rate (时率) The charge or discharge current of a battery expressed in terms of the length of time a new, fully charged battery can be discharged at a specific current before reaching a specified

end-of-discharge voltage. For example, the 10-hour rate for discharging a 500-ampere-hour cell (rated at the 5-hour rate) would be 50 amperes. See charge rate or discharge rate.

battery system energy efficiency (%)：Round trip battery system energy efficiency should be distinguished from general energy efficiency as defined above. It must include energy losses resulting from self-discharge, cell equalization, thermal

loss compensation, and all battery-specific auxiliary equipment.

active material loading density (g/cm3)：The weight of active material per unit electrode volume. average power (平均功率kW)：Total energy withdrawn (or returned) from (or to) a battery divided by the time of discharge (or charge).

IEC （国际电工技术委员会）：International ElectroChemical Commission. A worldwide organization for standardization in the electrical and electronic fields.

Constant Power：Power remains stable regardless of battery voltage. As battery voltage changes, the current is adjusted to maintain targeted power value. (See below for power definition.)

Coin Cell：See miniature battery

Carbon Zinc（碳化锌）：A generic term for primary dry batteries of the LeClanche or Zinc Chloride systems.

Air Cell（空气电池）：Battery system which utilizes oxygen in combination with catalyzed carbon as the cathode and zinc as the anode to produce electricity.

Alkaline Battery（碱性电池）：Primary battery which employs alkaline aqueous solution for its electrolyte.

ANSI：American National Standards Institute sponsored by NEMA, National Electric Manufacturers Association and cover cell sizes, terminals and testing procedures.

Rate Sensitivity：Typically refers to battery performance under various discharge loads with operating voltage being the defining characteristic

动力电池基础知识普及

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锂电池的PACK的构成如下图所示:

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它们明显的区别就是能量容量和自放电率。壹次电池能量密度远比二次电池高。但它们的负载能力相对要小。二次电池具有相对较高的负载能力，可充电电池Li-ion,随着近几年的发展，具有高能量容量。不管何种壹次电池的电化学系统属于哪种，所有的壹次电池自放电率均很小。 4、可充电便携式电池的优缺点是什么？ 充电电池寿命较长，可循环500次之上，虽然价格比干电池贵，但经常使用是较划算的。充电电池的容量比同规格的碱锰电池或锌碳电池低。另壹缺点是由于它们接近恒定的放电电压，很难预测放电何时结束。当放电结束时，电池电压会突然降低。假如于照相机上使用，电池突然放完电，就不得不终止。但另壹方面可充电池能提供的容量比大部分壹次电池高。但Li-ion 电池却可被广泛地用于照相器材中，因为它容量高，能量密度大，以用随放电深度的增加而逐渐降低的放电电压。 5、充电电池是怎样实现他的能量转换？ 每种电池均具有电化学转换的能力，即将储存的化学能直接转换成电能。就二次电池（也叫蓄电池）而言（另壹术语也称充电便携式电池），于放电过程中，是将化学能转换成电能；而于充电过程中，又将电能重新转换成化学能。这样的过程根据电化学系统不同，壹般可充放电500次之上。Li-ion是壹种新型的可充电便携式电池。额定电压为3.6V,放电电压会随放电的深度而逐渐衰退,不像其它充电电池壹样,于放电末,电压突然降低。 6、什么是Li-ion电池？ Li-ion是锂电池发展而来。所以于介绍Li-ion之前，先介绍锂电池。举例来讲，以前照相机里用的扣式电池就属于锂电池。锂电池的正极材料是锂

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锂电池基础知识100问

锂电池基础知识100问

11、什么是电池的容量？ 电池的容量有额定容量和实际容量之分。电池的额定量是指设计与制造电池时规定或保证电池在一定的放电条件下，应该放出最低限度的电量。Li-ion规定电池在常温、恒流（1C）恒压（4.2V）控制的充电条件下充电3h，电池的实际容量是指电池在一定的放电条件下所放出的实际电量，主要受放电倍率和温度的影响（故严格来讲，电池容量应指明充放电条件）。容量常见单位有：mAh、Ah=1000mAh）。 12、什么是电池内阻？ 是指电池在工作时，电流流过电池内部所受到的阻力。有欧姆内阻与极化内阻两部分组成。电池内阻大，会导致电池放电工作电压降低，放电时间缩短。内阻大小主要受电池的材料、制造工艺、电池结构等因素的影响。是衡量电池性能的一个重要参数。注：一般以充电态内阻为标准。测量电池的内阻需用专用内阻仪测量，而不能用万用表欧姆档测量。 13、什么是开路电压？ 是指电池在非工作状态下即电路无电流流过时，电池正负极之间的电势差。一般情况下，Li-ion充满电后开路电压为4.1-4.2V左右，放电后开压为3.0V左右，通过电池的开路电压，可以判断电池的荷电状态。 14、什么是工作电压？ 又称端电压，是指电池在工作状态下即电路中有电流过时电池正负极之间电势差。在电池放电工作状态下，当电流流过电池内部时，不需克服电池的内阻所造成阻力，故工作电压总是低于开路电池，充电时则与之相反。Li-ion 的放电工作电压在3.6V左右。 15、什么是放电平台？ 放电平台是恒压充到电压为4.2V并且电电流小于0.01C时停充电，然后搁置10分钟，在任何们率的放电电流下下放电至3.6V时的放电时间。是衡量电池好坏的重要标准。 16、什么是（充放电）倍率？时率？ 是指电池在规定的时间内放出其额定容量时所需要的电流值，它在数据值上等于电池额定容量的倍数，通常以字母C表示。如电池的标称额定容量为600mAh为1C（1倍率），300mAh则为0.5C,6A(600mAh)为10C.以此类推. 时率又称小时率,时指电池以一定的电流放完其额定容量所需要的小时数.如电池的额定容量为600mAh,以600mAh的电流放完其额定容量需1小时,故称600mAh的电流为1小时率,以此类推. 17、什么是自放电率？ 又称荷电保持能力，是指电池在开路状态下，电池所储存的电量在一定条件下的保持能力。主要受电池制造工艺、材料、储存条件等因素影响。是衡量电池性能的重要参数。 注：电池100%充电开路搁置后，一定程度的自放电正常现象。在GB标准规定LI-ion后在20±2℃条件下开条件下开路搁置28天。可允许电池有容量损失。 18、什么是内压？

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答：蓄电池的容量是指在一定的放电条件下可以从电池中获得的电量，用A·H容量，W·H容量表示，A·H容量是电池输出的电量，W·H容量表示其作功能力的能量。 理论容量：根据活性物质的重量，按照法拉第定律求得的。 实际容量：是指在一定放电条件下（放电率、终止电压、温度）电池实际放出的电量，它总是低于理论容量。 额定容量：是指在设计电池和生产电池时规定或保证电池在放电条件下应该放出的最低限度容量。 2、说说特殊工作栓的工作原理。 答：特殊工作栓主要是由金刚沙压制而成，金刚沙有称刚玉，即氧化铝为多孔性物质一般孔率在30-40%，成型后用四氧乙烯处理，形成一层膜四氧乙烯有较强的憎水性，电池中出的酸雾遇到这层膜变为液珠，又流回电池起到防酸作用。 3、根据有关标准，产品型号的含义可分为三段，解释下列几 种电池型号的含义是什么？ （1）6-DZM-10 6个单体串联、电动、助动用、密封、10AH （2）D330KT “D”电机“K”矿用“T”特殊，容量330AH （3）N-462 “N”内燃机用，容量462AH （4）GFM-300 单格电池，“G”“F”阀控“M”密封，容量300AH 4、什么叫穿壁焊？ 穿壁焊：又称对焊，它是用对焊机将相邻单体极群的偏极柱。在

企业英语培训方案

Market Leader
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Thank you for expressing your interest in choosing MARKET LEADER as your facilitator in improving your team’s professional communication skills. Through initial contacts, our team has already gained the basic information about your company’s training needs. The following pages will provide you with information about our company, our training philosophy and methods, and about several details of our language training programmers that will help you to choose the best option for your team. Our aim is to make sure that the final training arrangement reflects both your detailed needs and our commitment to high professional standards and friendly service. Our consultants will be more than happy to clarify any of your questions regarding the content of this Initial Proposal.
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英语培训资料

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