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一词多义

一词多义
一词多义

用的一词多义

A类--- 14个多含义的常见动词(w or k,shar e也兼作名词)

Develop a new model研发新模型;develop a good habit培养好习惯;develop/exploit the natural

resources开发天然资源; develop a cough咳嗽起来

develop a film 冲胶卷recover lost thing找回丢失的东西;

c over one’s sight/ hearing恢复失视力/听力

recover one’s strength 恢复元气; recover from one’s illness病后复原; recover from one’s

astonishment 惊魂已定

3. settl e

settle the argument 结束争论; settle the disagreement 解决分歧; settle / solve the problem 解决

问题; settle the matter解决事情; settle down (使) 镇静;(使)平静; (做vi 时= calm down)

settle on the branch 停于树枝上; settle in 迁入新居;从事新的工作; settle oneself in an

armchair在扶手椅上休息

4. co v er

cover an area of 占地面积…...; cover the loss 弥补损失; cover the event/ conference 报道事件

/ 大会; cover our expenses 够开支; cover the young man from the man’s blows 用身体护住

年轻人不致被那人殴打; cover 10 miles 走了1;英里; cover a wide field 涵盖很广的领域

5. stri ke:

n. 罢工,打击,殴打v. 打,罢工,(灾难等)袭击/降临;袭击;划燃;突然想起

1) The car ran out of control and struck / hit a tree. 汽车失去控制,撞在树上。

2) The union struck for better work conditions. 工会为争取更好的工作条件而罢工。

3) It was not long before tragedy struck again. 没多久,灾难又再次降临。

4) Enemy troops struck just before dawn. 敌军在拂晓前发起了进攻。

5) The little girl struck a match and tried to keep herself warm. 小女孩划了根火柴想让自己暖和些。

6)The clock struck 12’ 0clock 钟敲12 点了。

7)I've struck on a plan for solving the problem. = A plan for solving the problem struck me.

我突然想起一个解决这个问题的办法。

6. b ear

bear a heavy load 负重担; bear wounds 有创伤; can't bear忍受不了

can't bear的用法:can't bear sb. / sth. can't bear to do sth., can't bear sb. doing sth.)。例如:

1) Oh, I can't bear that man---he really irritates me! 我无法忍受那个人—他真的很让我生气。

2) Please don't leave me all alone, I couldn't bear it. 不要拉下我一人,我受不了。

3) He can't bear people smoking while he's eating. 他受不了吃饭的时候别人抽烟。

4) Alison couldn't bear to leave and cried all the way to the airport. 就要离开了,Alison很难过,

一直哭到机场。

联想:can't stand,常用于can't stand sth./can't stand doing/can't stand to do/can't stand sb. doing

sth.通常用于口语:不能忍受(某人、某物、做某事):

7. tr ea t n. 宴飨,款待v. 视为,对待,处理,探讨,治疗。例如:

1) This meal is my treat, so put your money away. 这顿饭我请客,你把钱收起来吧。

2) Smoked salmon, what a treat! 吃熏大马哈鱼--那可太棒了!

3) This boy is being treated for a heart condition. 这个男孩正在接受心脏病治疗。

4) My mother always treats us like children. 我妈妈总把我们当孩子看待。

5) This delicate glass must be treated with care. 这精巧的玻璃杯处理时要小心。

6) The documentary treated the question in some detail. 这部记录片探讨这个问题有些深度。

7) We were treated to the unusual sight of the Prime Minister singing on TV.

我们有幸目睹首相上电视一展歌喉的难得场面.

8. b ea t vt. & vi. 打赢(其宾语是“对手”= defeat );敲打;(心脏等)跳动。例如:

1) We beat them by a score of 2 to 1. 我们以2比1打赢了他们。

2) You can’t beat us at the game. 你们不可能打败我们的。

3) His heart is still beating. 他的心脏还在跳。

4)Who is beating the drum? 谁在击鼓?

比较:w i n“获胜”,其宾语是“比赛”、“竞赛”或“奖品”等。

例如:

We have won the match. 我们胜了这场比赛。

Li Ming won the first place. 李明得了第一名。

9.r each

vt.

1) 伸展,伸出:(将身体的一部分)伸展开或拉开;延伸:

He reached out an arm. 伸出一只手臂

The property reaches the shore. 地产一直延伸到岸边

2) 伸出,够到,触及:伸出或展开…来触摸或抓住:I couldn't reach the shelf. 没法够着书架

3) 达到,得到:reach a conclusion得出一个结论;reach their destination.到达他们的目的地

4) 取得联系,沟通:They reached us by telephone. 他们通过电话找到了我们。

5) 影响,左右; 成功地对…产生影响: No one seems able to reach her anymore. 看起来没有人能够再对她产生任何影响

6) 传达:最大限度地发射出去:A distant cry reached our ears. 我们听到从远处传来一阵哭声

7) 合计,累计:总计为或总数为…:Sales reached the thousands. 商品卖出了数千件

8) 传递【非正式用语】:抓住然后传递给另一个人:Reach me the sugar. 把糖递给我

vi

1) 伸出:伸出或延展某物,伸手碰到,伸手去抓:尽量抓到或触到某物:reached for a book. 使劲够一本书

2) 延伸:在时间或空间上有延伸度:a coat that reaches to the knee长及膝盖的大衣;; a career that reached over several decades. 一项干了几十年的事业

n.

out of/ beyond one’s reach 某人够不着;within one’s reach 某人够得着

10. ma ke.

1. 做;制造;建造: Mary made a paper boat. 玛丽做了一只纸船。

2. 作出(某种举动) : I didn't make any promise. 我没有作出任何承诺。

3. 使得;使...做..: His jokes made us all laugh. 他的笑话把我们都逗笑了。

4. 到达;赶上: We just made the last bus. 我们正好赶上末班公交车。

5. 获得,挣得;赢得: He makes $1,000 a month. 他每月挣一千元。

6. 认为;估计,推算: I make the distance ten miles. 这段距离我估计是十英里。

7. 总计;等于One hundred centimeters make one meter. 一百厘米等于一米。

8. 准备;整理;布置: make the bed 铺床

9. 引起;产生: He made her many enemies. 他树敌甚多。

10. 成为,变成;成为...的成员:She will make a good wife. 她会成为一个好妻子。

11. 使成为;使作为:I've made it a rule never to hurry. 我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。

12. 使成功:I’m sure I can make it. 我肯定我能做到。

13. 构成;组成A car is made up of many different parts. 汽车是由许多不同的零件组成的。vi.

1. 正要做,刚要开始做:George made to go out to play, but his mother stopped him. 乔治刚要出去玩,却被母亲拦住了。

2. 朝某方向走去The ship made for the sea. 船向大海驶去。

n.

1. 品牌;型;样式[C][U] :What make is your car? 你的汽车是什么型号?

2. 性格;气质;体格[U][C]

11. w or k

n.

劳动;操作;作业;功课; 工作;职业; 活计;制作品; 著作,作品(可数)

Work on it had begun before my sister left. 这幢房子是在我姐姐离开前动工的。

It takes a lot of work to build a house. 建一座房子得花许多劳动。

My work is as a doctor. 我当医生。

This mat is my own work. 这个垫子是我亲自做的。

He sells his work in the market. 他在市场上销售他的产品。

Shakespeare's works are widely read 被广泛阅读的莎士比亚著作

v.

1) 工作;劳动;办公: The two typist have already worked away all day. 这两位打字员已经工作一整天了。

2) 计划、机器等)行得通,能运转:

The plan won't work? How so? 这个计划行不通吗?怎么会的?

The machine won't work because of a faulty connection.机器电源线接错了,所以开不动。

Your idea won't work in practice.你的想法在实践中行不通。

The machine is worked by electricity.这机器是电动的。

3) 使(某人)工作;使用(某人)

They work us too hard.他们要我们死命地干活。

4) 操作;使运转: to work a machine 开一部机器

5) 经过努力才达到: She worked her way to the front. 她好不容易才挤到前面。

12. d o

1) 做:: What you doing here? (“What are you doing here?" 将重音放在What,而呈现逐渐下降的语调。为“你在这里做什么?”之意。但若将重音放在do上就会变成“你到底在这里做什么呢?”,含有责备对方的语气)

2) 处理 --- How would you like steak? ---Well-done. ----请问你要几分熟的牛排呢?----我要全熟的。( rare半熟; medium普通的中等熟)

3) 制作

--- What's up? 你在做什么呢?

--- I'm doing my report on consumer movements. 我正在写消费者运动的报告。

We did a concert/ play . 我们举行一场演唱会/ 我们排了一出戏。

4)能产生速度

A: What make of car of this? 这部车是什么牌子呢?

B: It's a FLAT. 这是菲亚特汽车。

A: How many miles an hour can a FLAT do? 菲亚特的时速是多少呢?

B: More than 120 miles per hour,I think. 我想每小时大概能跑120多哩

5) do without~不用~也可以做例如:

A: Do you need my advice? 你需要我的忠告吗?

B: No, thank you. I can do without your advice. 不,谢谢。没有你的建议我自己也能做。

We can't do without a car in America. 在美国没有车子,就无法做任何事)。

6) do with~"根据~而做“。例如:I can do with two meals a day.“我可以一日两餐地过生活7)will do 行;好;可以

A: I'd like to take you out for dinner. When is it convenient for you? 我想邀请你共进晚餐,不知何时比较适合呢?

B: Any weekend will do. 任何一个假日都可以。

Will it do if I pay you next week?"我下周再付钱给你可以吗?

Five hundred dollars will do. 五百元美金就够用

That won't do. 这样不行

Will these shoes do?为“这双鞋子合适吗?

That will do 这样就好了。

This will do for to day.今天就到此为止。

13. shar e

不知同学们注意到上面句中share happiness and sorrow这个share没有?现在咱们一起"分享"一下share的用法吧。

从上面课文句子中我们可以看出,share是及物动词,其后接happiness and sorrow作宾语。再看那两个例题,share也是作及物动词用。那么,share的用法到底怎样呢?当然,share 既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词,意思为"分享;合用;分配";除了作动词用外,还可以用作名词,意思为"共享;一份;份额"。下面来看看它的具体用法。

v.

1 share作及物动词和不及物动词用时:

1) 和某人合用; 与某人共有,share sth. 和share sth. with / between sb.后接表具体事物的名词,也可以是taste, interest, opinion, view, task, experience等名词。

Li Ping and I shared the same room at college. 上大学时,李平和我同住一室。

People often share politicl views with their parents. 人常跟父母的政治观点一致。

2)若要表示"分享; 分担",其句型用share in sth.,句型中的介词in可以省略,share后面的宾语可以是worry, trouble, hardship, excitement, happiness, cost等名词。例如:

She always shares (in) her mother's troubles. 她总是为她妈妈分忧。

She hopes we will share in her joy. 她希望我们分享她的喜悦。

3)分配;分摊share sth (out) among/ between sb.

We shared the pizza between the four of us. 我们4人把那份比萨饼分着词。

4)把自己的想法/ 经历/ 感情告诉他人

Men often like to share their problems. 男人往往不喜欢把自己的问题告诉他人。

n.

1) 一份;份额,常可构成a share of... , one's share of... 形式。例如:

Tom promised to give me his share. 汤姆答应把他的那一份给我。

Everyone ought to have his share of food. 每个人都应该有一份食物。

2) 股份,是可数名词,还具有名词作定语的用法。如:

He bought 500 shares in a shipping company. 他买了某航运公司500股股份。

14. afford

1)常与c an, co uld, b e ab l e to连用,后接sth(to d o sth.) / to d o sth: 买得起,有时间做,能做

Nonoe of them could afford $50 for a ticket. 他们中没有哪个拿得出50美圆买张票。

We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 今夏我们没有足够的钱到国外。

2)can’t afford to do sth 还有“承担得起(后果)”的含义

I can’t afford to fail in the exam. 我考试不能不及格。

3)(正式)提供/ 给予= provide sb. with sth 后接宾语或双宾语

The tree can afford shelther from the sun. 这树可挡挡太阳。

The program can afford young people the chance to gain work experience. 这项计划给年轻人提供了获得工作经验的机会。

15. l ea v e

vt. 离开(某处)[(+for)];离开(某人)的身边;遗弃,离弃;辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等);遗忘;丢下;听任,使处于某种状态(使役动词) ;留给;死后留下…..;把...交给;委托[(+with/to); 剩下

Mr. Smith left the room at two o'clock. 史密斯先生两点离开房间。

Her husband has left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。

Mary left school last year and she is working in a shop now. 玛丽去年退了学,现正在一家商店工作。

I left my keys behind. 我忘了带钥匙了。

He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。

The coat was left hanging behind the door. 衣服挂在门背

(近似于:The coat remained hanging behind the door.)

The work was left undone.工作没做。(近似于:The work remained undone.)

The readers can’t be left unsatisfied. 要让读者满意。

He left me a few books. 他留给我几本书。

You can leave your case with me. 你可以把箱子交给我。

He left a wife and five children. 他死后留下妻子和五个孩子。

Mother left me $10,000. 母亲去世,留给我一万美元。

I felt I had little energy left. 我感到我一点劲也没有了。

11. (从某个方位)经过Leave the monument on the right and cross the bridge.

从右手经过纪念碑,再往前过桥。

vi.

1. 离去;动身[(+for)]

We will leave for London next week. 我们下周动身去伦敦。

n. 准假;休假;休假期[C][U]; 许可,同意[U][+to-v]; 离去,告别[U]

I got two weeks' leave. 我获得两周的假期。

2. Have you got leave to come here this afternoon?

你得到许可今天下午来这里吗?

3. The guests took leave after thanking the host.

客人们对主人表示谢意之后告辞了。

16. ser v e

vt 服务;为…效力;接待顾客;供给某物; 开饭;上菜

Can I serve you in any way? 我能帮你忙吗?

The job of a politician is to serve the community. 原则上,政治家的职责就是为公众服务。

We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们需全心全意地为人民服务。

The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.

接待她的售货员不喜欢她那种穿着。

Mrs White can't come to the telephone - she's serving a customer.

怀特夫人不能来接电话——她正在接待顾客。

A pipeline servs the house with water有根水管给房子供水。

The waitress serve coffee hot 侍者把咖啡趁热端上来。

vi任职/服役(与i n连用); 可做;适于

He serves in the navy. 他在海军服役。

This box will serve for a seat. 这箱子可当作座椅。

This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. 这个平台将用作港口和火车站。17. mar k

n. 污点, 斑点;符号,标签;(性质、感情等的)痕迹,迹象;分数;目标,目的;(体育)起跑线等。如: Who made these dirty marks on my new book? 谁把我的新书弄脏了?

The horse with a white mark on its head runs the fastest. 头上有白斑的马跑得最快。

The white marks painted on the tree are used to show the route. 树上涂的那些白色的符号是用来指示行进路线的。

Please accept this gift as a mark of our respect. 请接受我们这份薄礼,以表敬意。

The arrow missed the mark and the dear escaped. 箭偏离了目标,鹿逃走了。

vt. 在某物上做标记; 指示,表明(某事); 给(学生作业等)批分数,评成绩; 以……为特征; 留心,注意

Prices are marked on the goods.商品上都标有价钱。

There will be ceremonies to mark the Queen's birthday. 庆祝女王生日将举行典礼。

I have twelve articles to mark tonight.今晚我要批阅十二篇文章。

These are qualities which mark the film as quite exceptional. 这些特征标志着那部电影与众不同。

Please mark my words. 请留心我说的话。

mark构成的常用短语主要有: give sb. full marks给某人打满分;make one's mark出名,成功give sb. a good (bad) mark给某人留下好(坏)印象;make a mark 做标记;mark A with.B = mark B on 把B标到A上. mark down记下等

18. sig n

n. (1)记号,符号,手势,信号She put her finger to her lips as a sign to be quiet.她把手指放到嘴上示意大家安静。(2) 标志,告示Pay attention to road signs. 注意路标。(3)迹象,征兆Clouds are a sign of rain. 乌云是下雨的征兆。the/a sign of ……的迹象

v. (1) 签名,签字。Sign here, please. 请在这里签字。(2) 打信号,做手势The policeman signed to me to stop. 警察示意让我停下来。sign 的短语搭配sign one's name 签名,sign to sb (not) to do sth. 示意某人(不)做某事。

近似词:1. signal n. (可数)信号(通常指现代的电子信号,包括红绿灯)

send signal to sb. 向某人发送信号

2. sigh vi / n 叹气

19. r u n

1) 不及物动词vi. 跑

He is a man who runs ahead of the time. 他是跑在时间前面的人。

I'm tired because I've just run home from school. 我累了,因为我刚从学校跑回家。

2) 不及物动词vi. 行驶;开

The buses run every five minutes. 公共汽车每五分钟开一次。

A car ran by at a great speed. 汽车以极快速度行驶。

3) 不及物动词vi. 运转;进行(work; function)

The machines run day and night. 机器日夜不停地转动。

The machine has been mended and runs very well. 机器修好了,运转得很好。

4) 不及物动词vi. 延伸;处于(extend)

The good news ran through our village. 这好消息在我们村子里传遍了。

The road runs north. 这条路伸向北方。

5) 不及物动词vi. 流((of liquids) to flow )

The Yangtse River runs into the East China Sea. 长江流入东海。

Tears ran down from her eyes. 泪水自她脸上流下。

6) 不及物动词vi. 续版(appear continuously in print; be published )

The story is now running in the newspapers. 那故事正在报纸上连载。

7) 不及物动词vi. (时间)流逝((of time) go by; pass)

How fast the years have run by! 时间过得真快!

8) 不及物动词vi. 连续上演(be pe rformed o n the stage co nti nu ou sl y; be conti nu ed o r re peate d )

That film ran for two weeks. 那部电影连演二周了。

9) 及物动词vt. 追赶(force to run out, and follow; pursue; hunt )

The hunter is running a fox. 猎人正在追狐狸。

10) 及物动词vt. 使行驶;驾驶(cause to move; drive )

John run a car into a park. 约翰把小汽车开进了公园。

11) 及物动词vt. 管理;经营;指挥(control or organize a business,club, etc. )

My father ran/ manage / operate a camera store last year. 我父亲去年管理照相器材商店。Who runs the business? 谁管事?

12) 名词n. 跑;奔(moving fast on your feet )

I take a ten minute run before breakfast every day. 我每天早饭前跑步十分钟。

Let's go for a run across the fields. 咱们去跑步,跑过那片田野吧。

13) 名词n. 路程;短期旅行(journey in a car, train, etc. )

It is an hour's run by train from here to London. 从此地到伦敦搭火车有一小时的行程。

14) 名词n. 延续(a continuous course or period of some condition, activity, etc. )

The play had a run of three days. 这出戏连续演三天。

20. ma na g e

1. 作及物动词,意为"管理;经营;负责"。

Your mother has a genius for managing such things. 你母亲有管理此类事情的才能。

2. 作及物动词,意为"控制;对付;照管"。如:

The girl is good at managing her money. 这个女孩善于理财。

You couldn't manage the demanding case; you'd better ask your parents for help. 你对付不了这件难办的事,你最好叫你的父母帮助你。

3. 作及物动词,意为"达到;做成(某事)",常与can,could,be able to连用。如:

I haven't been learning French for long, so I can only manage a few words. 我学法语的时间不长,所以只能凑合着说几句。

Despite his disappointment, he was able to manage a smile. 尽管他很失望,可还是强颜欢笑。

4. 作不及物动词,意为"设法(终于)完成(某件困难的事)",其后通常接不定式。如:Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?你认为你能给我弄到护照吗?

We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow. 无论如何,我们最终得到了我们想要的。

The shirt was very dirty, but he managed to clean it. 这件衬衫很脏,但他设法把它弄干净了。注意:manage to do 是“设法做到了”,强调“做到了” 而try to do是“设法,尽力去做”,但不一定做到.

The hunter tried to escape from the forest, but he lost his way. 猎人设法逃出森林,但他迷路了。

5. 作不及物动词,意为"能办到;设法解决;勉强维持"。如:

We have a little food, but we can manage. 我们只有一点儿食物,但我们能应付过去。

How will you manage without a job? 没有工作你怎么生活?

6. 作及物动词,意为"设法得到;拿得动;吃得下",后接名词或代词。如:

I couldn't manage two weeks' holiday this year, only one. 今年我无法得到两周的假期,只能是一周。

Can you manage another another slice of cake? 你还吃得下另外一块蛋糕吗?

7. 构成manage for习惯短语,意为"设法得到"。如:

How did you manage for money? 你是怎样弄到钱的?

manage的名词一是不可数的management,意为"经营;管理";二是可数的manager,意为"经理;管理人"。如:

The failure was caused by bad management. 失败是经营不善所致。

She's not a very good manager-she always spends more money than she earns. 她不大会理财--总是入不敷出。

B 类--- 多词性多含义的几个常用词

1. r igh t

1)adj. 正当的;合法的;正直的; 正确的;正面的;合适的;健康的,右方的;

It is not right to leave the party without saying goodbye. 不说声再见就离开舞会是不合适的

Put things right. 把事情办好

Do you feel rig ht / al l ri gh t?你感觉好吗?

Make sure that the right side of the fabric is visible. 保证织物的正面可以看到.

all r igh t 行;好吧eg: --- W ou ld y ou l i ke to jo in us for d i nn er? --- A ll r ig h!

2)n. “右边”,“正义”,“正确”,“权利”

Turn to the right= Turn right. 往右转human rights人权do the right 做得对

3)adv. “右面”; “正好” “正确”,“令人满意地”“立即”

The wind was right in our face. 风迎面吹来。

The bus came right on time. 汽车正好准时到达。

I’ll be right back. 我马上就回来。

You guessed right. 你猜着了。

Nothing is going right for me today. 今天没有哪件事让我顺心。

righ now立即;此刻; r igh t aw ay立即

2. stil l

adj.

1)指没有运动或动作的状态,相当于motionless,常译为“静止的”、“不动的”,“大海/ 空气无风的”=calm。例句:

The doctor asked me to keep still. 医生叫我不要动。

The air is still/ calm. 空气中一丝风也没有。

2) still还可以指完全没有声响的,常译为“宁静的”、“平静的”、“寂静的”。例句:How still everything is! 一切是多么寂静啊!

The room was still at the end of the speech. 演讲过后,室内一片寂静。

adv.

1)“仍旧”、“还”之意,表示某事仍在继续,多用于肯定句或疑问句之中。例句:

My mother is still cooking. 我妈妈还在做饭。Will you still go there tomorrow? 明天你还会去那儿吗

试比较:He still stands. (副词)他仍旧站着。

Stand still. (形容词)站好别动。

still有时也可用于否定句中,表示某事尚未完成或发生,此时,它要放于否定的助动词之前(在否定句中常用yet,放在句末)。例句:

She still hasn't come back. 她还没有回来。The bus hasn't arrived yet. 汽车还没有到达。

2)still还可以用来修饰比较级,相当于even,可译为“更”、“还要”、“甚”。例句:We must study still harder. 我们必须更加努力地学习。

3)不过(转折词)

The weather was cold and wet. Still, we had a great time. 天气又冷又潮,不过我们仍旧玩得很开心。Although he promised faithfully to come, still(yet) I didn’t think h would.尽管他信誓旦旦要来,但我还是觉得他不会来。

3.wh en

1.引导时间状语从句。如:Don’t be afraid of asking for help when it is needed. (NMET2003)

2.类似并列连词,表at that time, 常用于be about to do ... when, hardly...when等句型中。如:

We were swimming in the lake when suddenly the storm started. (北京春2004NMET)3.表原因,同since。如:Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(NMET1998)

4.连接副词,用于名词性从句中。如:I remember when this used to be a quiet village. (NMET1993)

5.关系副词,用于定语从句中。如:The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET2001)

6.whenever引导名词性从句和让步状语从句。如:You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like. (重庆2004)

7.表让步,同even if.如:The enemy held out when they must have known there was no hope.【考例1】-----Where’s that report?

-----I brought it to you _____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.(07北京卷,25)

A. if

B. when

C. because

D. before

【考例2】The book was written in 1946, __ the education system has witnessed great changes.(07山东

A. when

B. during when

C. since then

D.since when

【考例3】Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.(08福建卷,

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

【考例4】Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(08山东卷,26)

A. who

B. which

C. why

D. when

【考例5】There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.(08四川卷,6)

A. when

B. until

C. that

D. where

【考例6】The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.(08天津卷,12)

A. where

B. how

C. when

D. why

【考例7】I used to love that film _____ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.(08江苏卷,

A. once

B. when

C. since

D. although

【考例8】Jane is back in May, by______ the new house should be finished.(08四川延考区,14)

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. when

4. while

1.引导时间状语从句,从句谓语动词为延续性动词。如:

----I’m going to the post office. ---While you’re there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET1999)

2.并列连词,表两相对照。如:The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, while

the quality of life is probably one of the highest. (天津2006)

3.引导让步状语从句,表“部分接受,并非全部”。如:While I accept that he is not perfect, I

do actually like the person. (江苏2006)

【考例1】________ I really don’t like the art, I find his work impressive.(07山东卷,29)

A. As

B. Since

C. If

D. While

【考例2】I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography. (07四川卷,29)

A. though

B. as

C. while

D. for (C)

【考例3】______the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a food idea to spend too much time on it. (08湖南卷,33)

A. If

B. While

C. Because

D. As

【考例4】In some places women are expected to earn money ____ men work at home and raise their children.(08四川卷,12)

A. but

B. while

C. because

D. though

4.as

1.关系代词,引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

如:As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江苏2004)

2.用作介词,表“作为”或用在动词treat, recognize等之后。

如:I feel that one of my main duties as a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.

(广东2004)

3.从属连词,引导状语从句,表“让步、时间、方式、比较、原因等。如:

Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as father was away in France.

As the day went on, the weather got worse. (NMET1990)

It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.

4.as常见搭配:as good as (与……一样好;实际上,几乎等于) as well (as) (也;与……一样

好),as much(如此),as far as (据……),not so much as (不如……)等。

如:As long as I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.(北京2003)-----How far apart do they live?

-----As far as I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. (上海2003)

John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.(NMET1994)

【考例1】________ , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(07重庆卷,34)

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

【考例2】The Beatles, _______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

(05全

A. since

B. when

C. as

D. while

【考例3】His plan was such a good one _______ we all agreed to accept it.(06陕西卷)

A. as

B. that

C. so

D. and

【考例4】John is the tallest boy in the class,______ according to himself.(05安徽卷)

A. five foot eight as tall as

B. as tall as five foot eight

C. as five foot eight as

D. as tall five foot eight as

【考例5】31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

—I don’t mind where we get ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. (08全国卷I,31)

A. as if

B. as long as

C. now that

D. in order that

【考例6】My English teacher’s humor was ____ make every student burst into laughter.(08江西卷,

A. so as to

B. such as to

C. such that

D. so that

【考例7】Ten years ago the population of our village was______ that of theirs.(08陕西卷,16)

A. as twice large as

B. twice as large as

C. twice as much as

D. as twice much as

【考例8】I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______.(08浙江卷,3)

A. as much

B. as many

C. so much

D. so many

【考例9】Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _____ a stepping-stone to future success.(08全A. to B. for C. as D. by

【考例10】–I think you’d better type this letter again before Mr. Smith see it. -- Oh, dear!

_______

A. Who cares?

B. No problem

C. I don’t mind at all

D. Is it as bad as that?

5. b ef or e

1.引导时间状语从句,“在……之前”,常见于“It will be...(long)before....”句型。如:It was

evening before we reached the little town of Winchester.(天津2004)

It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment.(上海2002)

1.用于祈使句中,既表时间,又表隐含条件,可译作“要不然、否则”,近似or。

如:Get out before it got worse.(北京2003)

Put back the book where it is before it gets torn.

3.从属连词,“宁愿……与其……”用法近似于would rather...than...

如:He will die before he tells the secret.

4.从属连词,有“不知不觉某事已经完成”的意思,常见于“...before I know it”。

如:We had come to the store before we know it.

2.副词,“从前,以前”,常与完成时连用。

如:They have known each other long before.

【考例1】The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time____we meet them again.(07安徽卷,21)

A. after

B. before

C. since

D. when

【考例2】He was told that it would be at least three more months____he could recover and return to work.(07福建卷,29)

1.when B. before C. since D. that

【考例3】I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian get back.

(08北A. before B. since C. till D. after

6. but

1.并列连词,用法类似于yet,但在“Excuse me/I’m sorry...but”结构中,只能使用but。

如:Excuse me for breaking in, but I have some news for you. (NMET2002)

2.用作介词,表“除了”,但不同于besides, 后可接动词不定式。若前有do的适当形式,后

续动词前要省略to。

如:Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.(上海春2001)

此时要注意nothing but, anything but的惯用表达

He is anything but a liar. = He is not a liar. 他决不是骗子。

We’ve had nothing trouble with the car。这辆车尽出毛病。

The park is all/anything but beautiful.这公园一点也不美

3.从属连词,表“无一例外”,用于否定句中,如:Never does a day pass but we need food.

【考例1】Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ______ the way they actually are.(07湖南卷,21)

A. as

B. or

C. but

D.and

【考例2】Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _______ their education that causes misunderstanding.(07全国卷I,31)

A. like

B. as

C. or

D.but

【考例3】------Will you join us in the game? ------Thank you, ______. (07江西卷,21)

A. but why not?

B. but I’d rather not,

C. and I won’t.

D. and I’ll join.

【考例4】I thought we’d be late for the concert, we ended up getting there ahead of time. (08湖

A. but

B. or

C. so

D. for

【考例5】It is often said that the joy of traveling is __________ in arriving at your destination ___________ in the journey itself.(08江苏卷,27)

A. / … but

B. / … or

C. not … or

D. not … but )

【考例6】13. Stand over there ___ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.(08全国卷I,13)

A. but

B. till

C. and

D. or

【考例7】The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.(08重庆卷,32)

A. and

B. or

C. . but

D. so

7. so

1.程度副词,表“十分,很”常置于“so+adj.+a/an+n.”“not so+adj./adv.+(冠词+名

词)as+...”“so+(adj./adv) that....”结构中。

如:Can you believe that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people?(NMET1995)

He speaks English well indeed, but of course not so fluently as a native speaker. (上海2004)

So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.

2.从句性替代词,用于“so did I, I did so, so I did”以及“I hope so”等结构中表肯定替代。

如:-----Father, You promised!

-----Well, so I did. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first. (湖北2005)

3.并列连词表因果。如:The shop doesn’t open until 11a.m. so it loses a lot of business.(北京

春2004)

4.固定搭配,常见于if so, even so, or so, so as to等短语中。如:

Your uncle seems to be a good driver; even so, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car.(江西2005)

All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.(辽宁2005)

My parents will move back into town in a year or so.(NMET2005)

【考例1】-----My room gets very cold at night. ------_________.(07江苏卷,31)

A. So is mine

B. So mine is

C. So does mine

D. So mine does

【考例2】-----You should apologize to her, Barry.

------_______, but it’s not going to be easy.(07浙江卷,3)

A. I suppose so

B. I feel so

C. I prefer to

D. I like to

【考例3】The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.

A. really

B. such

C. too

D. so

【考例4】I haven’t seen Ann for ____ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like.(08四川卷,1)

A. such

B. very

C. so

D. too

【考例5】 -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.

-----Ok, ______ you make it short.(08安徽卷,31)

A. now that

B. if only

C. so long as

D. every time

8. by

1.表地点或趋向:路过,途经。如:

They came in by the back door.

2.表时间:不迟于、在……之前;乘着,在……时,类似when。如:

The train leaves at 6:00p.m. So I have to be at the station by 5:40p.m. at the latest. (NMET1997)

It’s a special experience to visit the lake by night.

3.表程度。如:Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain by an inch. (上海2002)

The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200 . This means it has risen by 20 percent.

4.表方位,被接触身体的一部分,与冠词the连用,常与表“抓、握、击、打”类动词连用。

如:He took her by the arm and led her across the street.

5.以……为单位计量,与定冠词the 连用,形成时间、长度、重量等副词短语。如:

As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour.(上海春2004)

6.表方式,强调使动对象,常用于被动语态中的动词后;使用某种手段或方法,使用某种交通工具等。如:No one helped me. I did it all by myself. (NMET2005)

7.表原因,“由于……”常见于by accident(偶然),by mistake (由于疏忽)等。如:

We hadn’t planned to meet. We met by chance.(NMET2005)

【考例1】---Didn’t you have a good time at the party?

----Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to __so quickly.(07安

A. go by

B. go away

C. go out

D. go over

【考例2】Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _______ an inch.(02上海卷)

A. by

B. at

C. to

D. from

【考例3】-----When do we need to pay the balance? ------________ September 30.(06北京卷,

A. In

B. By

C. During

D. With

【考例4】A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man.(08福建卷,23)

A. under

B. with

C. on

D. by

【考例5】If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ___ the back door.(08北京

A. for

B. by

C. across

D. out

9. with

1.表方式或状态,用于“with+宾语+补语”结构中。如:

It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.(福建2004)

With two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(北京2004)

The prisoner was brought in , with his hands tied behind this back. (NMET1991)

2.表伴随关系,“和……”“与……同时”。如:

American women usually identify their best friend as someone with whom they can talk frequently.

3.具有。如:Have you found the book with a green cover? I need to use it now.

4.表原因,“随……而”,侧重心理变化。如:

Rose was wild with joy at the result of the examination.(上海春2001)

5.表方式,使用某种工具。如:Did she get the pen with which she was going to write a letter?

6.对于、关于。如:

--What do you want with those old boxes? ---To put things in when I move to the new flat.(北京02)

7.表比较,常见于compared with, as with 等。如:As with running, learning English needs will.【考例1】John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work____, he gladly accepted it.(07安徽

A. finished

B. finishing

C. having finished

D. was finished

【考例2】------Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

-------Sorry. With so much work______my mind, I almost break down.(07福建卷,26)

A. filled

B. filling

C. to fill

D. being filled

【考例3】You have no idea how she finished the relay race ___ her foot wounded so much.(08福建卷,

A. for

B. when

C. with

D. while

10. b ey ond

1.表方向,“在……那一边”,而off表距离,“距离……不远处”。如:

I live beyond the main road while he comes beyond the sea.

2.表时间,“超过,晚于”,after较常见。如:She never stays out beyond 9o’clock.

3.表程度,“因太突出而超出……”“因太惊奇而出乎……”“因太难而能力所不及”。如:

I am sorry it’s beyond my power to make a final decision on the project.(上海春2004)

It’s quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.(安徽2006)

4.表除去,“除……之外”,不用于肯定句中。如:

They have nothing in common beyond their hobbies of collecting stamps.

【考例1】-------Can he take charge of the computer company? --------I’m afraid it’s ______ his ability.

A. beyond

B. within

C. of

D. to

【考例2】This new model of car is so expensive that it is ______ the reach of those with average income.

A. over

B. within

C. beyond

D. below

【考例3】 --- Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

--- Because the old one has been damaged_______.(08江苏卷,28)

A. beyond reach

B. beyond repair

C. beyond control

D. beyond description

【考例4】Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.(08陕西卷,19)

A. at

B. beyond

C. within

D. upon

3.but

1. conj. “但是”,“可是”,“而且”

English may be hard, but it is the most important of all. 英语虽然很难,但却是最重要的。

注意:although或though 不能与but连用但可与still/ yet连用。

Although he is only a child,he knows a lot.(√) 虽然他是个孩子,但是却懂得很多。

He is only a child, but he knows a lot.(√)

Although he is only a child, still/ yet he knows a lot.(√)

2. adv. (=only) “仅仅” “只有”

I can’t tell you but one thing—my age. 我只有一件事不能告诉你,即我的年龄。

I don’t think we’ll manage it. Still, we can but try.我想我们应付不了这事。但不防试试。

3. prep.“除了” 可接名词、代词、形容词、数词、介词短语,也接不定式、接从句

They are all wrong but / except here. 除了她以外,他们都错了。

He is anything but a liar. = He is not a liar. 他决不是骗子。

We’ve had nothing trouble with the car。这辆车尽出毛病。

The park is all/anything but beautiful.这公园一点也不美

You can put it anywhere but/ except on the floor. 你就是不能把它放在地上。

Take the first turning but one. 在第二个拐弯处转弯

H e w an ted n othi ng b u t to sta y h er e for a no th er d ay.他只是想在这再呆一天。

I h av e n o ch oic e b u t to tell y ou th e tr uth. 我只有告诉你实话。

* 如果谓语动词为实意动词do的某种形式时,but 后的不定式要省略符号to.

T her e w as no th ing to d o b u t w ai t til l h elp c ame. 只有等待救援了。

Nothing would contend him but (that) I must come. 必须我来了他才能满意。

There’s no question but (that) he will succeed. 他一定会成功的。

由b u t 构成的几个常用结构

1)but for “多亏…” “要不是” 多用于虚拟语气

But for your help,I wouldn’t have succeed. 要是没有你的帮忙,我就不会成功。

2)not…but “不是…而是…”

I meant not he but you should pay attention to pronunciation.

我说不是他而是你要注意发音。

3)not only…but also “不但…而且…”

Not only he but also I am interested in pop music. 不但他而且我也对流行歌曲感兴趣。

* 该结构可以并列任何两个句子成分,在并列两个主语时,要注意谓语动词与就近的主语一致;并列句子时,not only 部分用倒装句。

4)cannot help but “不得不”,后接动词原形

We cannot help but admit that the Chinese people are a great people.

我们不得不承认,中华民族是一个伟大的民族.

4. as

1) 状语从句连接词“当……时;随着;一边……一边;因为;按照;虽然

I slipped on the ice as / when / while I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。

As/ When she left the room she remembered that book. 她离开房间时想起了那本书。

As the sun rose the fog dispersed. 太阳一出来,雾随之消失。

The situation is not so bad as you suggest. 情形不如你说的那样糟。

I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 睡得早,因为我精疲力尽了。

You ought to do as Paul tells you. 你应按照保罗吩咐的做。

Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true. 这个故事看似荒唐,却是真的。

Tired as he was, he sat up late. 他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。

He was so foolish as to lie. 他太傻才会撒谎

2)定语从句关系词“正如”,或与such, the same连用。

As everyone knows, the sun is hot. = The sun is hot, as everyone knows. = The sun, as everybody knows, is hot. 太阳非常热,这一点众所周知

She has married again, as was expected. 她已再婚,这是意料中的事。

We are tired, as anyone can see. 我们累了,这是有目共睹的。

I received the same grade as you did. 我和你得分一样

I have never met such people as you describe. 我从没碰到想你所说的人。

3)pre.“作为”

He works/ serves/ acts as a cook on the ship. 他在船上做厨师。

She works/ serves/ acts as an interpreter in that company. 她在该公司里担任翻译员。

She didn't think much of him as a painter. 她对他作为一位画家评价不高。

对比like “像” He has blue eyes like me.

4) adv.(副词)“同等地,一样地”,“像; 如同”与一些动词连用

The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale. 这孩子歌唱得同夜莺般婉转

On this issue they thought as one. 在这个问题上,他们意见一致

T he old woman was dressed as a young lady. 这位老妇人打扮得像一位年轻人。,

as的一些固定短语:

1)as for sb/ sth 至于;关于used to start talking about sb./ sth.

As for Jo, she’s dong fine. 至于乔,她现在日子过得不错。

2)as to sth. 至于;关于used when you are referring to sth.

As to tax, that will be dededucted from your salary. 至于税款,将从你的薪水中扣除。

3)as it is 实际上,某物本来的样子

4)as + S +be某人/ 物本来的样子

5)as it is with the case of 就象某人的情况一样

6)as in …与某处的情况一样As in China, climate in Canada is different from area to area. 5. w h en

1)用作状语从句连接词:“当……时;因为/ 既然= since ;如果= if , as/so long as;虽然= although”

1. When water becomes solid, we call it ice .当水变成固体的时候,我们就叫冰。

While / When / As we were working in the fields, a storm came up. 我们在田里干活时,暴风雨来了。why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already ?

既然你已经有了这么好的职业,为什么还想找一个新的差使?

You’ll make more progress when you study hard. 只要你努力学习,就一定能取得更大的进步。

Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障,就把电闸关掉。He came to help us when he had plenty of work to do.尽管他有许多事情要做,却还是来帮我们的忙。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time .虽然再试一次可能成功,可是他放弃了努力。

引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”,相当于at the time that, 从句的谓语动词是延续性的时= while,as ,也可以是非延续性的,常相当于as

2)用作并列连词,意为“在那时,届时”,表示时间。这时主句中可以用过去完成时,过去进行时或“was/were about to do sth.” “was/were + 介词短语”结构。例如:

He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder .

他正要把秘密告诉我,这是突然有人轻轻拍了一下他的肩膀。

He had just finished the book when supper was served. 他刚要读完那本书正在这时晚饭端上来了。

I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. 我正在厨房做饭突然有人敲门。

He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。

3)作为疑问副词、代词:

I don’t know when he left .我不知道他是什么时候离开。

Since when has China been using the metric system ? 中国从什么时候起使用公制度量衡的?Till when will the delegation stay here ? 代表团要在这儿住到什么时候?

From when did you pick up Spanish? 你从什么时候起开史学西班牙语?

4) 作关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词,且再从句中充当时间状语。

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village.这部电影使我想起我在那个遥远村子受到很好的照料的时光

3. 作名词

When用作名词,意思是“时间”,系可数名词。

The report gave the when and where of the fire .报告介绍了火灾发生的时间和地点

请看高考题对when的考查:

(2006全国I-33) Please remind me_______he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.

A. where B.when C. how D. what

2. (2006山东-31) How can you expect to learn anything _______ you never listen ?

A.in case B.even if C.unless D.when

3. (2006湖南-31) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _________I heard the steps.

A. while

B. when

C. since

D. after

4. (2006辽宁-24) He was about halfway through his meal ________ a familiar voice came to his ears.

A. why

B. where

C. when

D. while

(Keys: BDBC)

6. w hi l e

1)作状语从句连接词或并列连词:“当……时;趁着;尽管/ 虽然(表“部分接受,并非全部);而”

While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

Sell the car while it is still running. 趁车还能跑赶紧卖掉。

While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. 虽然他不完美,但我仍喜欢。There’re plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.

东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。

w hil e从句中的省略现象:

While listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她在听收音机时睡着了。

While in London, he studied music and painting. 在伦敦时,他学习音乐和绘画。

while可用作名词,意为\"一会儿;一段时间\"。

2)作名词,主要用于短语中: after a while "过了一会儿"; all the while"一直,始终"; a short / little while ago "刚才"; once in a while "偶尔,间或"; wait / rest(for) a while "等/ 休息一会儿"。例如:

I haven”t seen her for a long while.我好久没有看见她了。

Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你到哪去了?

请看高考题对while的考查:

1.He thought I was talking about his brother, ____ in fact I was talking my brother.

A. when

B. while

C. as

D. and

2. ________ I really don’t like the art, I find his work impressive.

A. As

B. Since

C. If

D. While

3. I’d like to study law at university _______ my cousin prefers geography.

A. though

B. as

C. while

D. for

4. ______the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a food idea to spend too much time on it.

(08湖南卷,33)

A. If

B. While

C. Because

D. As

(Key: BDCB )

w hil e与w h en以及a s之间的区别。

1. 当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。

While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。

2. 当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时,不可用while,而用when, as; 当强调一个动作发生

时,另一个动作接着发生,常用as。

When/ As I left home, an idea struck me: “Will evryting remain the sme when I cme back?”

As the sun rose the fog dispersed. 太阳一出来,雾随之消失

3. 如果谈论两个长动作,最常用的是while。

While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。

4. While除可表示同时性外,还含有一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续过程中的某一时

刻发生。

---I”m going to the post office. ---________you’re there, can you get me some stamps? B

A. As

B. While

C. Because

D. If

可省略某些词的表达

1. at (the) most

2. (in) this/ that way

3. be busy (in )doing sth

4. have difficulty/ trouble (in ) doing sth

5. spend time/ money (in) doing sth

6. waste time/ money (in) doing sth

7. have a good time (in) doing sth 8. stop/ prevent sb. (from) doing sth

9. except (that) 9. now (that)

不同介词表达意思相同或基本相同的短语

1. at/ in school/ college/ university in 表示某人“在学校/大学”,指的是他的位置。

at表示某人在学校、大学学习。

2. at/ on the beach at the beach 指的是海滩有浅水的地方,如“船停在海滩上”,应用at the

beach ; on the beach 指的是海滩上(陆地),如“人们在海滩上散步”,应用on the beach.

3. in(Br. E)/ on(Am. E) the street

4. at/ on the week

5. in / on the playground 5. a bridge across/ over the river

6. be certain/ sure of/ about

7. remind sb. of/ about

8. inform sb. of/ about 9. warn sb. of/ about

10. dream of/ about 11. talk of/ about sb./ sth. ; talk to/ with sb.

12. learn ( know, speak) of/ about 13. as if/ though…好像……

14. even if/ though …即使15. as/ so long as …只要……

16. as / so far as I know/ I’m concerned/ I can see/ I can judge

初中文言文一词多义归纳整理

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②父曰:“履我!” 因长跪履之 良业为取履 下取履(a名词:鞋子b动词:替……穿鞋) 妙 ①众妙毕绝 ②以为妙绝(a形容词:奇妙b名词:妙处) 名 ①不能名其一处也 ②了却君王天下事,赢得生前身后名 ③命之者谁?太守自谓也 ④此“双龙”之名所由起(a名词:名字、名称b动词:说出c动词:命名d名词:名声) 命 ①其命使各有所主 ②太医以王命聚之(a名词:命令、指示b名词:命运c动词:派遣) 能 ①肉食者鄙,未能远谋

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(conj)在…以后 I will tell her the news after she comes back. 4. against (prep)倚在……上 The piano is against the wall. 对 We played against a team from the No.2 Middle School and won the game. 反对Don’t do anything against the law. 5. around 大约See you around 7:30. 向各处 I like to travel around the world someday. 环绕The earth moves around the sun. 6.as (ad)像…一样,如同He is as tall as his father. as (conj)由于,因为

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一词多义

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(完整word)二年级语文一词多义词

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高中英语词汇一词多义”重点词 1. stage: ①舞台②阶段 2.find: ①找到、发现 ②感觉、觉得 3.meet: ①遇见、遇到 ②满足 ③ (在车站、机场) 接(人) 4.赢得 4.course: ①课程②路线3.一道菜5.court: ①法庭、宫廷②球场3.求爱6.hold: ①掌握②举行③容纳④占据7.develop: ①发展②冲洗(相片)3.发育 4.培养 5.开发 6.研发 7.得一种病8.spare: ①业余的多余的②饶恕 ③备用的④腾出、让出9.support: ①支持②赡养 10.charge: ①负责②充电③收取(费用) ④指控5.冲向 11.realize: ①认识到②实现12.suppose: ①假设②猜想 13.expect: ①期待、期望②预计、预料14.defend: ①防御②辩解 15.drive: ①驾驶②驱使、驱赶16.treat: ①对待2.治疗3.处理4.请客款待17.accident: ①事故 ②意外、偶然的事(accidentally) 18.raise: ①提高、举起②饲养;抚养 ③筹集;集资4.种植19.stand: ①站②忍受③架 ④摊5.屹立 20.appear: ①出现②好象、似乎21.concern: ①关心、使担心、忧虑 ②与……有关 22. deliver: ①递送②发言、陈述、发表 3.接生孩子 23.still ①仍然、还②静的,不动的24.save: ①拯救、救②节约③储蓄 4. 保留 5.免得 25.lift: ①举起②电梯③搭便车 4.云雾等散去 5.提神 26:place: ①地方②放置 27.serve: ①服务、服役②招待、供应28.interest: ①兴趣、使感兴趣②利益③利息29.point: ①指(出)②点 ③时刻、瞬间④要点、论点30.check: ①核查②支票 31.try: ①尝试、试验②审问 32. break: ①打破、打碎②休息3违反 4.中止打断 5.兑开 6.破晓 7.传开7.垮掉 33.since: ①自从……(以来)2.既然34.fix: ①固定、安装②修理 ③确定④凝视

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名师高效资料
一词多义,即一个词在不同的语言环境中具有多种含义,乃至拥有不同词性。这种现象,在文言文中 尤为普遍,也是高考中文言实词考查的重点。词义的分化衍生是有规律的,后起义往往是以原有义为基础 扩展衍生的,与原有义有着直接或间接的联系。一般来说,词有本义,引申义,比喻义和假借义之分。词 的本义是指最初造字时表示的意义,如“兵”最初的意义是“兵器”,“走”最初的意义是“跑”等。词 的引申义是指由本义引申出来的意义,如“兵”的引申义有“军事,战争”“军队”“士兵”等,“走” 的引申义有“奔向,趋向”等。词的比喻义是由本义通过打比方产生的新义,如“爪牙”的本义是“兽类 的脚爪和牙齿”,比喻义是“武臣,重臣”。词的假借义是指借用已有的或音近的文字而表示的意义,如 “至莫夜月明”(《石钟山记》)中的“莫”通“暮”,意思是“晚上”。
一、阅读下面的文言文,完成后面的题目。
马文升,字负图,貌瑰奇多力。登.景泰二年进士,授御史。历按山西、
湖广,风裁甚著。成化初,召为南京大理卿。满四之乱,录.功进左副都御史。
从考查方式看,高考对
振.巩昌、临洮饥民,抚安流移,绩甚著。是时败寇黑水口,又败之汤羊岭, 文言实词的考查主要有以下
勒.石纪之而还。进右都御史,总督漕运。淮、徐、和饥,移江南粮十万石、 三种方式:
盐价银五万两振之。孝宗即位,召拜左都御史。弘治元年上言十五事,悉议
1.单独考查,即从文言
行。帝耕藉田,教坊以杂戏进。文升正色曰:“新天子当使知稼穑艰难,此 文中选出四个语句,要求判
何为者?”即斥去。明年,为兵部尚书,督团营如故。承平既久,兵政废弛, 断出加点的实词解释不正确
西北部落时伺塞下。文升严核诸将校,黜贪懦者三十余人。奸人大怨,夜持 的一项。考查时,以单音节
弓矢伺其门,或作谤书射入东长安门内。为兵部十三年,尽心戎务,于屯田、 词居多。
马政、边备、守御,数条上便宜。国家事当言者,即非职守,亦言无不尽。
2.偶尔在选择题中与虚
尝以太子年及四龄,当早谕教,请择醇谨老成知书史者,保抱扶持,凡言语 词混合在一起考查。
动止悉导之以正。山东久旱,浙江及南畿水灾,文升请命所司振恤,练士卒
3.常与文言文翻译放在

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之: 1. 助词,相当于“的”。 虽有千里之能(马说) 醉翁之意不在酒(醉翁亭记) 脱笼之鹄(满井游记) 燕雀安知鸿鹄之志(涉世家) 寡人以五百里之地易安陵(唐雎不辱使命) 2. 代词,它,他,她,他们等,指代人或物或事。 昂首观之。(童趣) 又数刀毙之(狼) 渔人甚异之(桃花源记) 或置酒而招之(五柳先生传) 3. 助词,补充音节,没有实在意思。 久之,目似瞑,意暇甚。(狼) 处处志之(桃花源记) 鸣之而不能通其意(马说) 怅恨久之(涉世家) 公将鼓之。之,助词,补足音节,无义。(刿论战) 4. 用于主谓之间,取消句子独立性,表舒缓语气。不译。吾妻之美我者,私我也。(邹忌讽齐王纳谏) 虽我之死,有子存焉(愚公移山) 5. 倒装标志,不译。 何陋之有(陋室铭) 马之千里者(马说) 宋何罪之有。之,助词,宾语前置标志。(公输) 6. 限定关系,以。 郊田之外(满井游记) 7. 去,往,到。 辍耕之垄上(涉世家) 又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中(涉世家) 多助之至。之,动词,到。(得道多助) 为: 1. 因为。项为之强。(童趣) 2. 表示被动,被。舌一吐而二虫尽为所吞。(童趣)仅有“敌船”为火所焚(观潮) 山峦为晴雪所洗(满井游记) 3. 对,向。不足为外人道也(桃花源记) 为天下唱(涉世家) 4. 为了。(第四声)乡为身死而不受(鱼我所欲也)今为宫室之美而为之(鱼我所欲也) 5. 名词,行为,活动。或以二者之为(楼记) 6. 动词,当作,作为。以丛草为林。(童趣) 其诗以养父母、收族为意。(伤仲永) 武林人捕鱼为业(桃花源记)

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一词多义

第5讲课外拓展 ----- 一词多义 要点归纳 多义词: 有些词所包含的意义不止一个,在不同的语言环境中能表示不同的意思,这样的词叫多义词。 重点点拨 多义词的几个意义中,有的是最初的或常用的意义,叫基本义;有的是从基本义引申出来的意义,叫引申义;有的是通过用基本义比喻另外的事物而固定下来的意义,叫比喻义。 例如: 鬼:基本义一一迷信的人所说的人死后的灵魂。 引申义一—躲躲闪闪,不光明,如“鬼头鬼脑,鬼鬼祟祟”; 也指不可告人的打算或勾当,如”捣鬼、心里有 鬼”。 海:基本义——大洋靠近陆地的部分,如“大海、东海”。有的 大湖也叫“海”,如“黑海”。 引申义一一大的,如“海碗、海量”。 比喻义一一比喻连成一大片的很多同类事物,如“人海、火 海”。 算账:基本义——计算账目,如:“别打扰他,他正在算账呢。” 引申义——吃亏或失败后与人较量,如:“好了,这回算

你赢,下回再和你算账。” 包袱:基本义——用布包起来的包儿.如“捆包袱”。 比喻义——比喻某种负担,如“思想包袱”。 解题技巧 辨析方法 多义词往往与修辞手法,如“比喻、借代、双关”等结合考查;有时也和病句,如“表意不明”等结合考查;有时也和同义词结合在一起考查。在古文阅读中,设题者既考查实词中的一词多义,也考查虚词中的一词多义。辨析多义词,应从以下几方面入手: A、从多音现象辨析 例如,(1)他这个人不难求,太好说话了。(2)他这个人太好说大话了。 不难判断,(1)中的“好”读上声,是“易于、便于”的意思。(2)中的“好”读去声,是“喜欢、爱好”的意思。 B、从词义上辨析 例如,(1)山上到处是盛开的杜鹃。(2)树林里传来了杜鹃的叫声。 其中,(1)中的“杜鹃”指的是“杜鹃花”,而(2)中的“杜鹃”指的是“杜鹃鸟”。

2020高考语文复习精讲精练28《正确理解一词多义》附答案详析

2020高考语文复习精讲精练 28《正确理解一词多义》 一词多义,即一个词在不同的语言环境中具有多种含义,乃至拥有不同词性。这种现象,在文言文中尤为普遍,也是高考中文言实词考查的重点。词义的分化衍生是有规律的,后起义往往是以原有义为基础扩展衍生的,与原有义有着直接或间接的联系。一般来说,词有本义,引申义,比喻义和假借义之分。词的本义是指最初造字时表示的意义,如“兵”最初的意义是“兵器”,“走”最初的意义是“跑”等。词的引申义是指由本义引申出来的意义,如“兵”的引申义有“军事,战争”“军队”“士兵”等,“走”的引申义有“奔向,趋向”等。词的比喻义是由本义通过打比方产生的新义,如“爪牙”的本义是“兽类的脚爪和牙齿”,比喻义是“武臣,重臣”。词的假借义是指借用已有的或音近的文字而表示的意义,如“至莫夜月明”(《石钟山记》)中的“莫”通“暮”,意思是“晚上”。 一、阅读下面的文言文,完成后面的题目。 马文升,字负图,貌瑰奇多力。登. 景泰二年进士,授御史。历按山西、湖广,风裁甚著。成化初,召为南京大理卿。满四之乱,录.功进左副都御史。振.巩昌、临洮饥民,抚安流移,绩甚著。是时败寇黑水口,又败之汤羊岭,勒. 石纪之而还。进右都御史,总督漕运。淮、徐、和饥,移江南粮十万石、盐价银五万两振之。孝宗即位,召拜左都御史。弘治元年上言十五事,悉议行。帝耕藉田,教坊以杂戏进。文升正色曰:“新天子当使知稼穑艰难,此何为者?”即斥去。明年,为兵部尚书,督团营如故。承平既久,兵政废弛,西北部落时伺塞下。文升严核诸将校,黜贪懦者三十余人。奸人大怨,夜持弓矢伺其门,或作谤书射入东长安门内。为兵部十三年,尽心戎务,于屯田、马政、边备、守御,数条上 便宜。国家事当言者,即非职守,亦言无不尽。尝以太子年及四龄,当早谕教,请择醇谨老成知书史者,保抱扶持,凡言语动止悉导之以正。山东久旱,浙江及南畿水灾,文升请命所司振恤,练士卒以备不虞。帝皆深纳之。在班列中最为耆硕,帝亦推心任之,诸大臣莫敢望也。吏部尚书屠滽罢,倪岳代滽,岳卒,以文升代。南京、凤阳大风雨坏屋拔木,文升请帝减膳撤乐,修德省愆,御经筵,绝游宴,停不急务,止额外织 造,振饥民,捕盗贼。已,又上吏部职掌十事。帝悉褒纳。正德时,朝 政已移于中官,文升老,连疏求去,许之。家居,非事未尝入州城。语 及时事,辄颦蹙不答。五年卒,年八十五。文升有文武才,长于应变, 朝端大议往往待之决。功在边镇,外国皆闻其名。尤重气节,厉廉隅, 直道而行。卒后逾年,大盗至钧州,以文升家在,舍之去。 (节选自《明史·马文升传》) 对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( ) A.登.景泰二年进士登:升职。从考查方式看,高考对文言实词的考查主要有以下三种方式:1.单独考查,即从文言文中选出四个语句,要求判断出加点的实词解释不正确的一项。考查时,以单音节词居多。2.偶尔在选择题中与虚词混合在一起考查。3.常与文言文翻译放在一起考查,且实词往往是得分点。

(完整版)一词多义单词大汇总

一词多义单词大汇总 A 1. about (prep.) 关于(ad.) 到处,四处大约 2. absent (a.)缺席的absent-minded健忘的心不在焉的 3. after (prep.)在…后面(conj.)在…以后. 4. against (prep.)倚在……上. 反对 appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;领会;鉴别appreciation n. 欣赏,鉴别;增值;感谢 5. around 大约向各处环绕The earth moves around the sun. 6.as(ad)像…一样,如同;as (conj.)由于,因为;在……期间,当……的时候;(prep.)作为,当作 7.attractive adj. 吸引人的;有魅力的;引人注目的attract vt. 吸引;引起vi. 吸引;有吸引力 B 1.bear (n)熊(v)忍受bet 打赌 2. bill(n)账单;钞票,纸币 3.book (n) 书,本子book (v) 预订 bother 麻烦,打扰 4. break (n) 休息(v) 打破终止已坏 5. bring(v)带来,拿来 6. brush (n)刷子, 画笔,毛笔(v)刷 7. burn (v) 着火使晒黑(n) 烧伤,晒伤8.but (conj)但是(prep)除了 9. by (prep)靠近,在……旁通过经过(某人、某物)不迟于由乘(车)通过…..的方式 C 1.can 能够,可以(n) 金属或塑料的容器;罐头 2.cap (n) 帽子(钢笔、瓶子等的)帽、盖 2. 3. capital(n)首都大写字母资本 4. care (n) 照料;小心;(v) 介意,在乎关心 5.carry (v) 携带,搬运;持有,带有; 6. catch (v)接住捉住赶上染上(疾病)听见(某事物),理解 7. change (n) 零钱,找头;改变(v) 改变8. class (n)班级;等级课 9. close (v) 关闭. (a) 亲密的接近(ad) 接近,靠近close by离(某人或某事物)不远 10. cold (a)寒冷的;冷却的;不友好的;(n) 寒冷;伤风,感冒. 11. cover (v) 覆盖(n) 盖子;罩;封面 12. cross (v)横穿交叉(n) 十字架; 十字形或叉形记号(a) 生气 custom, 习惯,风俗,海关customer 顾客,家伙 D 1.date(n) 日期;约会;时新的,现代的out of date 过时的 disturb ,打扰,妨碍 2.draw (v) 绘画;向某方向移动;拉,拖I drew my chair up to the table. 获取(知识经验等)At the end of the class I drew a conclusion. (得出结论)

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