开大基本语法
1.动词to be
(1)在肯定句中,介绍自己和他人可以用动词to be,其形式随主语变化而变化.
I am from England. (I’m)She is a teacher. (She’s)
The deputy manager is Chinese.We are workers. (We’re)
It is a book. (It’s)He is an officer. (He’s)
(2)否定句直接在to be后面加not.
I am not from England. She is not (isn’t) a teacher.
The deputy manager is not Chinese. We are not (aren’t) workers.
It’s not a book. He is not an officer.
(3)将be动词放在句首构成一般疑问句.
Are you from England? Yes, I am.\ No, I’m not.
Is she a teacher? Yes, she is\ No, she isn’t.
Is the deputy manager Chinese. Yes, she (he) is. No, she (he) isn’t.
Are you workers? Yes, we are.\ No, we aren’t.
Is it a book? Yes, it is.\ No, it isn’t.
Is he an officer? Yes, he is.\ No, he isn’t.
(4)将who, what, when, where, how等特殊疑问词放在句首,构成特殊疑问句.
Where are you from? I am from England
What is her job? She is a teacher.
Where is your mother? She is in China.
How old is your brother? He is 15.
What is your name? My name is Tom.
2.不定冠词a\an
在名词前一般要用冠词a\an,表示―一个‖或者―一‖.如果名词以元音音素开头(a, e, i, o ,u)，
需要用冠词an，其它用a.
a teacher a book a policeman a worker a company
an accountant an engineer an hour an egg an apple
3. 与work连用的介词
I work with Tom in the same factory.Tom works for an IT company.
My mother works at a school.I work in Shanghai.
(1)人称代词:代替人或事物的代词叫做人称代词。人称代词有主格和宾格之分.主格一般在句中作主语,宾格则常作动词或介词的宾语。
I work in China.We are students. He is 10 years old. She teaches me English.
I told him the whole thing. They took it with them.
(2)物主代词:表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词.有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种.
a.形容词性物主代词一般用作定语.表―的‖
My name is Tom. Her mother is a teacher. Their home is in England.
Its name is Rex.His sister is very beautiful.
5.名词的所属关系：
(1)表示有生命的东西（人或物），一般在名词后加’s.
John’s father. mother’s friends. the doctor’s home.
注：名词的复数（以s或es结尾）只要在后面加’s
the teachers’reading room.the workers’ rest-home(疗养院）
(2)表示无生命东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有关系．
the cover of the book the contents of the novel
6.名词的单数和复数：英语中名词有单复数之分，一个以上为复数．其形式变化如下：
(1)名词复数一般是在名词后面加s.
jobs parents workers banks bags
(2)以字母结尾s,sh,ch,x和以辅音字母＋o结尾的词后面加es.
buses watches heroes boxes brushes tomatoes
但radios,photos,pianos例外．
(3)以字母f, fe结尾的名词，改f, fe为v加es．
life—lives leaf—leaves shelf—shelves wife—wives
(4)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，去y改i加es．
factory—factories baby—babies country—countries
(5)不规则变化：不规则变化的名词复数在英语中只是少数,需逐个记忆．
man-men woman-women mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese
child-children ox-oxen sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish
7. 学习一般现在时
( 一)一般现在时的意义:
(1)表示包括―现在‖在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在状态或日常习惯
We eat rice every day. I have a book.
They sometimes go to see the films. He always complains about the weather.
(2)表示主语的性格、能力、特征
He speaks very quickly.The students like English very much.She has long hair.
(3)表示客观真理或普遍真理：
The earth goes round the sun.The sun rises in the east.
(4）在故事叙述中，有时用一般现在时来叙述情节，可增加生动性和真实感。
一般现在时常与every day, often , usually,always,sometimes等时间状语连用.
(二)一般现在时的构成:
(2)行为动词:
否定式:由do not(don’t), does not(doesn’t)+动词原形构成,口语中常用缩略形式.
(三)当主语是第三人称单数的时候,动词需要作下列几种变化:
(1)一般动词在词尾加-s.
likes works tells plays wants
(2)以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加-es.
passes washes goes fixes teaches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es.
fly—flies cry—cries carry—carries
hurry—hurries study--studies
8.动词like的用法:
表示喜欢做某事,用动词like+V-ing的形式.
I like playing football. They like watching TV.
?动词-ing形式的变化:
(1)大多数动词是在其后面直接加-ing,如果动词以辅音加不发音的e结尾,去e再加-ing.
arriving leaving
(2)如果动词以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing.
putting sitting stopping
(3)动词以l结尾,双写l再加-ing. travelling
(2)如果动词以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ing.
putting sitting stopping
(3)动词以l结尾,双写l再加-ing. travelling
●表达问候的方式:
1.Hi! (熟人之间很随便的问候)
Hello!(中性的问候语,认识或不认识的人都可以用)
2.Good morning!-----Good morning!(中午12点前)
Good afternoon!---- Good afternoon!(午后6点前)
Good evening!---- Good evening!(约下午6点后)
Good night!---- Good night!(晚上告别时)
3.How do you do!---- How do you do!(第一次见面,正式场合)
4. A: How are you!(不常见的熟人之间的问候语)
B: I’m fine! Thank you! And you?
A: Very well, thanks!
5.Nice to meet you!----- Nice to meet you!(第一次见面,不那么正式,可用于熟人朋友之间)
6.A.How is everything going on with you?
B. That is good! / Just so-so
称呼的使用
Ms |miz| (女士) 常用于社交,公务场合,与婚姻状况无关.
Miss |mis| (小姐) 用于未婚女性.
Mrs |misiz| (太太) 用于已婚女性.
Mr (先生) 用于男性,与婚姻状况无关.
二.频度副词
常见的频度副词有:never, sometimes, often, usually always. 频度副词在句中的位置:
1.在be动词之后
She is often late for school. I’m usually at home on Sunday. He is often unhappy.
2. 在实意动词之前
He usually goes to bed at about 12.
I sometimes think that it is a great mistake. I never drink wine.
3.在含有助动词的句子中,置于助动词之后,实意动词之前.
They don’t often eat meat. He doesn’t usually go to work on foot.
sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词,
助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以
放在句尾。
Sometimes I help my mother in the house. I sometimes help my mother in the house.
三.动词have
主要有三种含义:
1.具有什么特点I have long hair. She has big eyes.
2.拥有什么东西I have a car. He has two brothers.
当表示以上两点含义时,have与have got可以互换.
3.吃,喝
She has a hamberger for lunch. I have breakfast at 7:00.
●have 数的变化:
I/we/they/you have
she/he/it has
四.介词
1. at
a. 在……时刻I have tea at breakfast time. (at lunchtime/dinnertime)
b.表示在某点的时间She arrived at 8 o’clock. I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.
2.for
a.为……She works for a company.
b. 作为……She eats fish for dinner.
c. 表阶段时间I have learned English for 10 years.
3.in
a.早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
?但在具体的某天早、午、晚要用on
on Monday morning.
b.年、月、季节
in 1986 in April in spring
4.on
a.表星期on Monday
b.具体的某天早、午、晚on Sunday morning
?星期: 星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday 星期三Wednesday
星期四Thursday 星期五Friday 星期六Saturday 星期日Sunday
?月份
January 一月July 七月
February 二月August 八月
March 三月September 九月
April 四月October 十月
May 五月November 十一月
June 六月December 十二月
5.from……to
a.表示从某点到另一点的持续时间. He works from 8 in the morning to 6 in the evening.
b.表示从某点到另一点的距离. I ride bike from my home to school everyday.
五.12小时表达法
1.表示整点过1-30分用past(过).
11:10 It is ten past eleven. 10:30 It is half past ten.
2.表示离整点还差1-29分用to(在……之前).
9:40 It is twenty to ten. 3:50 It is ten to four.
3.表示―一刻钟‖可以用a quarter.
5:15 It is a quarter past five. 5:45 It is a quarter to six.
4.表示―半小时‖常用past.
7:30 It is half past seven. (seven thirty)
5.表示―午前‖用am，―午后‖用pm，―在中午‖用at noon.
It is 10 am. It is 5 pm. I usually take a nap at noon.
六.提出请求,表达提议.
1.提出请求:could you do sth.?
Could you tell me your phone number?
Could you help me with the housework?
Could you pass the salt to me? 应答：
肯定：Yes, of course.\ Certainly 否定：No, sorry.+解释原因
2.表达提议:would you like sth.? would you like to do sth.?
Would you like an apple? Yes, please.
Would you like to have a cup of tea? No, thank you.
二.学习如何介绍自己和他人
1.介绍自己可以用I am…… My name is……来表达。
Hello, my name is Tom. I am a student.
2.介绍他人常用的表达法是―This is(后接名字)，my(后接与讲话人的关系)。
Tom, this is Polly, my sister.
Polly, this is Xiaoyan, my classmate.
三.表达提议和应答。
1.Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please.
Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?
No, thanks. I will have a meeting.
2.What would you like? I’d like a glass of wine.
3.主动提出自己做某事I’ll do sth.. I will clean the room.
四.序数词的表达法
1.多数序数词由基数词加th构成
sixth eleventh eighteenth fifty-ninth
2.以下词例外
one-first two-second three-third
five-fifth (ve改f,加th）eight-eighth (t结尾，直接加h) nine-ninth (去e,加th）twenty-twentieth, thirty-thirtieth(第二十，三十等将基数词的y改ie加th)
序数词的简写形式
first 1st ,second 2nd , third 3rd , fourth 4th , fifth 5th 五.楼层的表达法：on the +楼层数（序数词）
英国人：ground floor 一楼first floor 二楼second floor 三楼......
美国人：first floor 一楼second floor 二楼
六.不定冠词a/an和定冠词the的区别
不定冠词:
与可数名词的单数搭配，相当与汉语中的―一‖用于―非特指‖,―泛指‖.即指某类人或物中的任何个或某一个. 定冠词:与任何名词搭配，主要功能为―特指‖,表示独一无二的事物或者已经被提到的人或物。
I am an accountant.(我是一名会计)
I am the Chief Accountant for that company.（我是那家公司的主任会计师，唯一的一名）
七.指示代词this, these, that, those
1. 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，通常this / these指离说话人较近的物品
that / those指离说话人较远的物品.他们既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数复数
限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.
代词：This is Mary.Those are my teachers.
2 指示代词的句法功能；
(1)指示代词可以用于表达对比的意义(说话时伴随用手指点的动作)
This is my bike and that’s yours
These people are my friends. Those are my husband’s friends.
(2)指示代词可以用于强调
That is really beautiful. Those are no good at all.
八.There be句型
1.用法:
表示‖在某处有\存在……‖ there是引导词,本身没有词义,be为谓语动词,be后的名词为主语.句中常带有表示地点或时间的状语. 如果名词为复数,动词用are,名词为单数,动词用is.
There is a picture on the wall.
There are 24 hours in a day.
2.构成
?肯定句:There+be+名词+(表时间或地点的状语)
There is a dog under the tree. There are two pens on the desks.
?否定句:There+be+not+名词+(表时间或地点的状语)
There is not a book on the table. There are not any pens on the desk.
(注:is not 可缩写为isn’t, are not可缩写为aren’t)
?一般疑问句:Be+there+名词+ (表时间或地点的状语)
Is there any water in the cup? —Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
Are there any plants in the room?---Yes, there are No, there aren’t
?(注释:动词be必须与后面的主语在数上取得一致.如果句中有若干个名词作主语,动词be常与后面的第一
个名词在数上一致:
There is a book, two pens ,and three pencils on the desk.
●.谈论工作
1.在表示工作的名词前要用a或an. He is a worker.
2.在谈及工作领域的时候,要用介词in.
They work in computers She lectures in English.
3.涉及工作地点的时候,要用冠词.a\an指众多中的一个;the特指一个.
She works in the school near my home. He works in a big company.
4.询问别人的工作
What’s your\his\her job? What do you\they do? \ What does he\she do?
二.复习have和have got 的用法. P45
三.some和any的用法
some通常用在肯定句当中,any通常用在疑问句和否定句当中.
I have some apples. Do you have any apples? I haven’t got any sisters.
五.学习现在进行时态
1.结构:
?肯定句：主+be+动词-ing形式
He is watching TV at home.
?否定句：主+be+not+动词-ing形式
He isn’t watching TV at home
?一般疑问句：Be+主+动词-ing形式
Is he watching TV at home?—Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
?特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语+动词-ing形式
What is he doing?–He is watching TV.
2.现在进行时的意义：
(1)表示此时此刻现在进行的动作。与之连用的时间状语有―now‖―at the/this moment‖等（现在、正在）：
The students are having an English class.
The teacher is teaching them English.
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话的此刻可能不一定正在进行。与之连用的时间状语有―recently‖ ―these days‖（最近/这些天）：
I’m studying English these days, but I am reading newspaper now.
He is translating a novel, but right now he is sleeping.
三、询问一个词是什么意思用动词mean,回答时主语可以用代词it:
--What does “sml”mean? --It means small.
还可以用一般疑问句
Does “avail”mean available? Yes, it does.
Does “pm”mean morning? No, it means afternoon.
四、表达提议和应答。
1.Would you like a coffee? Yes, please.
Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?
No, thanks. I will have a meeting.
2.What would you like? I’d like a glass of wine.
3.主动提出自己做某事I’ll do sth.
I will clean the room.
4. What about +V-ing?
What about watching TV? Yes, it’s a good idea.
5. How about +V-ing?
How about doing some shopping? Well, I don’t know.
6. Why don’t you + V-原形
Why don’t you go with us?
Why don’t you take a holiday?
五、询问价格
询问价格时要用How much 开头，动词用be或者cost.
How much is the coat? It is 50 yuan.
How much are the apples? They are 90p.
How much does the coat cost? It costs
How much do they cost? They cost ￡50.
二、询问花多长时间，用动词take
句型1：It takes +时间+to do sth 表示―花费时间‖It takes me one hour to get to school by bus.
句型2:：sth takes +时间表示―某事花费多长时间‖The flight will take three hours.
?疑问句: How long does the journey take?
?否定句: The flight doesn’t take three hours.
三、如何表达批评
表达批评性评论常用的句型是―too+形容词‖或者―not+形容词+enough‖.意为―太……‖，―不够……‖
The coat is too small to wear.
The coat is not big enough to wear.
You’re too young to get married.
The kitchen is too dark.
The kitchen is not light enough.
四、打电话用语
?接电话
在家里，拿起电话常用hello开头，相当于汉语中的―喂‖。在办公室，接电话的人通常要自报家门，如单位的名称。
Hello!This is Dr.Smith’s office. Tom speaking.
?打电话
1.Hello,Can I speak to xxx, please?
2.Hello, I would like to speak to xxx.
3.Good morning, is Sally in?
在比较正式的场合，打电话的人会先介绍自己。
Good afternoon, This is Lin Xiaoyan speaking.
?询问打电话的是谁
Who’s calling, please? Who’s that?
?接听找人电话时，可以说
1. One moment, please.
2.Hold on, please. I’ll get him/her for you.
3.Just a minute, please.
如人不在,由别人转接或打错了可以说:
1.Sorry,Wrong number.
2.Sorry,he/she’s out. (not in).
3.Sorry,I’m afraid he/she is out.
4.Sorry,he/she’s busy at the moment.
?请接电话转达口信，可以说：
Could\Can I leave a message, please?
Could you give him/ her a message, please?
Can you take a message for me?
?主动提议为别人记录口信，可以这么说：Can I take a message?
五、安排约会
1、建议日期Are you free on Monday? What about Friday?
2、建议具体时间How about 5 o’clock? Is 5 o’clock ok?
3、表示同意约定的时间、地点Yes, Friday is fine\ ok. Yes, o’clock is ok.
4、表示不同意约定的时间、地点No, I’m afraid I’m not free. No, I’m sorry, I’m busy.
5、确认时间Ok, see you at 5 o’clock on Friday.
一、情态动词can的用法
1、表示能力：I can lift this stone. Can you use chopsticks? I can speak a little English.
2、表示请求(一般疑问句）Can I sit here? Can I use the cooker in the kitchen?
3、表示允许（肯定句）和不允许（否定句）
You can use the phone in the living room. You can’t smoke in the classroom.
二、一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
1、一般现在时表示经常发生的事情，而现在进行时表示现阶段或者说话的时候正在发生的事情。
比较1：I cook for my family everyday. I am cooking now.
比较2：I often start work at 8 o’clock. I’m working now.
2、英语中有些词通常只用于一般时态，而不用进行时。这些词表示相对静止的物质、心理及情感状态，被称为状态动词. 如：like, love, hate, think（认为）, have\have got
I like English songs.
I hate my job.
I think it’s cheap.
?注意：
1、have 作实意动词，不表示拥有的时候，可以用进行时
We are having dinner.
2、think 做―想，思考‖时也可以用进行时态。
I’m thinking about him now. I’m thinking of the question.
三、如何描述天气
1、描述当前的天气可以用一般现在时和现在进行时。
询问天气状况：What’s the weather like in+某地
回答：It’s +形容词，或者It’s + -ing
---What’s the weather like in Beijing?
---It’s rainy.\ It’s raining.
---It’s sunny.\ It’s shining
?描述天气的词
hot 热cold 冷warm 温暖cool 凉爽
rainy\raining 有雨的sunny\ shining 晴朗的snowing\ snowy 下雪的
foggy 有雾的cloudy 多云windy 有风的
2、当谈论一个地方的气候时通常只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。
It often rains in summer in England.
It’s often sunny in autumn.
四、描述城市
询问城市状况，用句型What’s +城镇名称+like？
描述城市的状况，用be+形容词
What’s London like? It’s busy, noisy and exciting.
五、祈使句：表示请求和指令
1、肯定句用动词原形Put it on the table. Come in, please.
2、否定句用don’t+动词原形Don’t smoke here, please.
?店铺名称的表达：英语中有些店铺的名称由经营商加’s构成，相当于’s shop，表示经营者的处所。这类的店
铺名称还可以直接写经营商的职业。
如：the butcher’s, the butcher the chemist’s, the chemist
二、学习表示方位的介词及描述店铺的位置。p100
三、问路与指路
1、where is (the nearest) +场所？
where is the supermarket? It’s over there, opposite the bank.
2、Is there a\an +场所?
--Is there a bank near here? --Yes, the bank is on the corner. --I am sorry, I don’t know.
3、How do I get to +场所？
How do I get to the post office? You can take number 10 bus.
另外：get on上车get off下车
where do I get on? You can get on at the chemist’s.
where do I get off? You can get off at the bus station.
四、学习短语动词.p106
五、谈论人的外貌和性格特征
?学习描述人外貌的词p109
?学习描述人性格的词p110
1、What does he\she look like?指一个人的外貌特征
What does he look like? He is tall and he’s got short ,brown wary hair.
2、What’s he like? 既可以指性格特征，也可以指外貌特征。
What’s he like? He is very nice and kind.
一、表达提议
1.Would you like a coffee? Yes, please.
Would you like to come to the party tomorrow? No, thanks. I will have a meeting.
2.What would you like? I’d like a glass of wine.
3.主动提出自己做某事I’ll do sth. I will clean the room.
4. What about +V-ing?
What about watching TV? Yes, it’s a good idea.
5. How about +V-ing?
How about doing some shopping? Well, I don’t know.
6. Why don’t you (we) + V-原形
Why don’t you go with us?
Why don’t you take a holiday?
7. Shall I + V-原形
Shall I help you? No, thanks.
8. Let’s + V-原形
Let’s listen to music and have a good rest.
二、可数名词和不可数名词
1、可数名词: apple是可数名词, 复数形式是apples, 如：an apple, some apples, lots of apples.
2、不可数名词：water 是不可数名词,可以说some water, lots of water.
3、无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，如果用一个表示量的词来修饰时，要用of.
a can of peas a kilo of rice a cup of tea
4、当不可数名词用容器来计量，容器的个数超过一个时，这时候的复数形式要在容器上体现。
two cups of tea two cans of milk
三、动词need
1、need＋名词：结构为―主语＋need＋名词‖
She needs a cup of coffee.
We need some apples.
They need a car.
2.need+动词不定式：结构为―主语+need+to+动词‖
I need to see a doctor.
She needs to get her shoes back.
We need to buy some water.
四、How many…?和How much…?的用法
1. How many…?用于可数名词
How many sisters you have?
How many oranges would you like?
How many birds are there in the tree?
2. How much…?用于不可数名词
How much rice do we need?
How much milk in the bottle?
另外：询问价格时，用How much…? How much is it, please?
五、some和any的用法:
1 、some 表示不确定的量,意思是―一些‖，用于肯定句当中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
I would like some oranges.
She wants to buy some water.
2 、any多用于疑问句和否定句中，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
Have you got any family?
I don’t want to get up early in the morning.
注：表示提议、请求的疑问句中用some.
Would you like some apples?
六、表达提出请求
1、Could +主语＋动词
Could you open the door?
Could you buy some oil for me?
2、Can +主语＋动词
Can you open the door?
Can you get some water?
3、I would like +宾语+不定式
I would like you to buy a can of peas.
I would like you to clean the floor.
一、why和because的用法
询问原因的问句why以开头，答句以because开头
Why do you want to go back to China?
Because the weather here is often depressing.
Why are you going to the shops?
Because I want to buy a T-shirt.
二、询问他人的意见、提出自己意见
询问他人的意见可以用以下两种结构，意思是―你认为…怎么样？‖
1、to think of…（+名词或动词的-ing形式）
What do you think of the weather here?
What do you think of doing some shopping?
2、to think that…（+句子）
Do you think that she is kindly to everyone?
Do you think that today is very cold?
3、提出自己的意见时：to think that…(+句子）
I think it is very interesting. I think the parks are lovely.
三、如何表达对他人意见有同感，或自己的情况和他人一样: So am I / So do I / So have I
1、若原句中用的是动词to be, 答句中也要用动词to be。
--I am very tired. -- So am I
--I am good at playing football. --So am i.
2、若原句中用的是动词have（表示拥有），答句中也用动词have.
-- He has got an interesting job. -- So have i.
--She has two brothers. -- So have I
3、若原句中用的是其它实意动词，答句中要用助动词do.
-- I like watching TV. --So do I
--I usually have tea in the morning. -- So do I
4、无论是什么样的原句，都可以用Me too来回答，多用于口语。
-- I like him. --Me too.
5、如果表示对他人的否定意见有同感，可以用neither,其用法与So在对别人肯定意见表示有同感的句子中的用法一样。
四、borrow和lend的区别
1、borrow意思是―向别人借，借进‖；lend意思是―借给别人，借出‖
He borrows a lot of money from me.
I lend a lot of money to him.
I borrowed a book from Lily last Sunday.
Lily lent a book to me last Sunday.
五、一般现在时：用在表示时间表和行程安排中。
She gets up at 8 o’clock.
She has lunch at 12 o’clock.
六、谈论电视节目：be on表示―上演，上映‖
What’s on ?
What time is it on?
七、谈论喜好、兴趣、擅长。
1、love, like, hate后面可以跟名词，代词，动词不定式及动词-ing形式。
I like the coat.
I love shopping and spending money.
I like to go shopping.
注：这些动词后面跟动词-ing形式，表示一个人的习惯或喜好，跟动词不定式强调一次性动作。
2、动词prefer:表示喜欢一个，而不太喜欢另一个。
其结构为：
prefer+（较为喜欢的）+ to +（不太喜欢的）
即：prefer sth. to sth.
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
I prefer apples to peas.
I prefer watching to reading newspaper.
3、enjoy后面只能跟名词或动词的-ing形式
I enjoy playing football.
4、be interested in, be good at, be keen on 后面跟名词，代词，或动词的-ing形式。
I am interested in watching TV.
She is good at speaking English.
He is keen on playing computer games.
八、学习表示顺序的副词。P138
九、学习表达指示或指令。P138
十、How的使用. P139
一、表示时间的介词
1、at
a. 在……时刻
I have tea at breakfast time. (at lunchtime/dinnertime)
b.表示在某点的时间
She arrived at 8 o’clock.. I get up at 7 o’clock every morning.
2、on
a.与星期连用on Monday
b .与日期连用on Monday 25th November.
c.具体的某天早、午、晚on Sunday morning
注意：on Monday和on Mondays意义不同，on Monday有两个意思，第一表示特指的某个星期一，第二表示每逢星期一；on Mondays而只是表示每逢星期一
3.in
a.早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天
但在具体的某天早、午、晚要用on on Monday morning.
b.年、月、季节
in 1986 in April in spring
4. from…to/ from…till/ between…and都表示某一段的时间,但强调的重点有所不同. from…to表示―从……到‖, from…till表示―从……直到……为止‖, between…and表示―在……之间‖
We worked from Monday to Friday.
We worked from Monday till Friday.
We worked between 7 and 9.
5.注意以下名词与介词的固定搭配
in the day time 在白天at night 在晚上
at the weekend 在周末at weekends 每逢周末
二.this/next/the…next可以表达时间
this week 这周, next week 下周, the week after next 下下周
三、描述情感
(1)描述情感或感受，常用动词feel
1. ---How are you feeling?
---I feel much better, thank you!
2. ---How do you feel today?
---I feel terrible, I’ve got a cold.
(2)描述情感的形容词有一部分由动词的-和-形式转化而来.前者带有主动含义,用来描述事件或某项活动本身所具有的特征;而后者常带有被动含义,用来描述人的感受.
The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣.
I’m interested in the book. 我对这本书很感兴趣.
此类形容词有:参p162
注意:-ed形式后的介词为固定搭配,介词的宾语如果为动词,需用-ing形式.
I’m interested in reading the book.
四.描述经历
What was…like?或者How was…?可以用来询问他人对所经历之事的总体感觉.
What was your journey like?
How was your journey?
Unit 14 A New Member of Staff
一、复习can表示能力：
I can lift this stone.
Can you use chopsticks?
I can speak a little English.
二、学习形容词的比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：
A + be + 形容词比较级+ than + B.
Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei。
形容词不同级别的变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad worse worst
many more most
much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest ,/furthest
few fewer fewest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3、比较级前常用的修饰语
a bit/a little 一点
much/ a lot 非常
She is a bit/a little taller than me.
I am much / a lot more easy-going than Rose.
三、描述技能和兴趣
1、be good(better) at表示―在……擅长（更擅长）‖
John is good at training. Mary is better at training than him.
2 、be bad(worse) at表示―在……能力差（更差）‖
I am bad at spelling, but Tom is worse than me.
3 、be(more/less) interested in表示―对做某事更感兴趣/较少感兴趣‖
Tom is more/less interested in playing computer games than I am
4 、be (more/less) experienced at表示―在……更有、较少有经验‖
She is more/less) experienced at training than he.
四、现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时除表示现在外，还可以表示最近的将来即将发生的事情，有―意图、打算、计划‖的含义She is staying in England from Monday to Saturday.
When is she flying for Paris?
Unit 15 A Wedding Reception
一、复习可数名词和不可数名词。P182
二、表示数量―过多‖和―足够‖
1、too much＋不可数名词和too many＋可数名词表示某事物的量过多，高于正常标准或所需。
We have too much cheese in the fridge.
We have got too many thinds to do.
2 、enough表示量―足够‖，not enough表示数量不够。
There is enough wine.
There aren’t enough apples in one bag
?enough 还可以作表语
Three bottles will be enough.
?复习‖too＋形容词‖及―not＋形容词+enough‖的用法。
表达批评性评论常用的句型是―too+形容词‖或者―not+形容词+enough‖.意为―太……‖，―不够……‖
The coat is too small to wear.
The coat is not big enough to wear.
You’re too young to get married.
The kitchen is too dark.
The kitchen is not light enough.
二、一般将来时：表示一般将来时的语法形式有四种：shall/will＋动词原形；be going to＋动词原形；现在进行时和一般现在时。现将这四种形式分述如下：
（一）、shall/will＋动词原形
1. will可用于所有人称，但shall 仅表示单纯将来时，用于第一人称I和we，作为will的一种替代形式。以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall. 例如：
He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来。
I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。
Tom will be here. Tom将会在这。
You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。
2. will，shall可用来预测将来可能发生的事。
It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。
How much will we need. 我们会需要多少呢?
We’ll need 15 kilos, I think. 我想我们需要15公斤。
3. will，shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外，还可以带有意愿的色彩，仍指的是将来。例如：
I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时，我给你买一辆自行车。（表示允诺）
Will you open the door for me please？请你帮我开门好吗？（表示请求）
Shall I get your coat for you？我可以为你拿外套吗？（表示提议）
（二）、be going to＋动词原形
1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象，判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人，也可是物。例如：
There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。（已有告示）
I feel terrible. I think I'm going to die. 我感到难受极了，我想我快不行了。
Look at those black clouds！It's going to rain. 看看那些乌云！天快要下雨了。
2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定，即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如：
He isn‘t going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。
Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。
3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事，此时可与will互换。例如：
I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨。
注意：
（1）be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如：
He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力学习，准备参加考试。（不能用will替换）—Can somebody help me？——谁能帮我一下吗？
—I will. ——我来。（不能用be going to替换）
三）、现在进行时
表示位置转移的动词（如go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，send，move，travel，fly等）和其它几个动作动词（如do，begin，work，spend，play，stay，happen，have，finish，join，eat，die，meet等）常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如：The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。
What are you doing tomorrow？明天你做什么？The train is arriving at nine o'clock. 火车将在九点钟到。（四）、一般现在时
1. 动词be；表示位置转移的动词（如go，come，arrive，leave，return等）和表示―开始，结束‖的动词（如start，begin，open，finish，end，close等）与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用，表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生，日程不易改变，口气肯定。例如：
School finishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。
Are you free next Tuesday evening？下周二晚上你有空吗？
The party starts at four thirty，doesn't it？晚会四点半开始，是吗？
Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。
2. 在由when，before，as soon as，until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we’ll go to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去东湖。
I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。
3. 在hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中，也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，hope的主语往往是第一人称。例如：
I hope you（will）have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快。
I hope he comes（will come）. 我希望他会来。
三、带双宾语的动词
1、英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语，如：
I’ll make it for you. 动词make的直接宾语是it, 表示动作的直接结果;间接宾语是you,表示动作的目标.
Can you pass it to me?
2、间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前，如将间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，需要用介词to或for引出间接宾语。
I’ll give the man the book. I’ll give the book to the man.
3、如果直接宾语和间接宾语都为代词，需用介词to或for引出间接宾语。但当直接宾语为不定代词时，直接宾语可以放在间接宾语前，也可以放在间接宾语后。
I’ll give it to him. I can get you some. I can get some for you.
四、动作、事件发生的频率。
1、次数＋a day/week/month/year表示―每天\周\月\年……一次‖.
I meet once/twice/three times a week.
2、every+day/mornig/afernoon/week/month/year表示―每天/每周/每月/每年‖等。
I have a shower every morning.
五、表示义务have to do表示―有义务、有责任‖做某事，―不得不‖做某事(客观）
I have to clean the floor. 另：must表示―必须‖做某事（主观）I must clean the floor.
一、询问病情
1、What’s the matter (with you)?
2、How do you feel?
3、How are you feeling?
二、描述病情
（一）I feel/ I’m feeling really ill.
I feel/ I’m feeling better.
I don’t feel/ I’m not feeling well.
I feel awful/ terrible.
二）描述病情常用动词have或have got
I have got a cold. I have got a temperature.
?5个aches(疼痛): a headache, earache, toothache, stomachache, backache中，只有a headache （头疼），需
要用不定冠词。
I have got toothache She’s got a headache.
?下面这些症状和疾病通常也需要用不定冠词
a cold a sore throat a runny nose
a bad chest a cough an infection
a pain in my throat/stomach/ear,etc
（三）如果说某个部位疼痛，可以用动词hurt.
My ear hurts. My leg hurts.
（四）可以用表示疾病的动词形式
I’ve got backache= My back aches.
I’ve got toothache= My tooth hurts.
I’ve got a pain in my chest= My chest is painful.
三、表述指令及提出劝告
1、用祈使句Don’t go to work.
2、用动词need
You need to reduce your temperature.
You don’t need to take any medicines.
3、用动词should
You should have a good rest.
You shouldn’t very much.
Should I take some medicines.
五、学习each other和somebody/someone else
each other意思是―互相‖，somebody/someone else意思是―别人‖。
They give each other presents.
She fell in love with somebody else.
六、表示比较
1、形容词比较级（参Unit14）
2、比较两者相同点时，用be as 形容词+ as或be the same as
Shanghai is as modern as London.
Business life in Shanghai is the same as in London.
3 、比较两者不同点时，用be as 形容词+ as的否定结构，或者be different from.
Shanghai isn’t as exciting as London.
My car is different from Mary’s.
常用英语语法-日常
一、引出开头 1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…） 2：Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注） 3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题） 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...） 二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同） 三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, w e can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……） 5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题） 四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to+V（不遗余力的） 五、预示后果
表格基本语法
表格(TABLE)标记(TAGS) 表格的基本语法
| Food | Drink | Sweet |
|---|---|---|
| A | B | C |
| Food | Drink | Sweet |
|---|---|---|
| A | B | C |
| Morning Menu | ||
|---|---|---|
| Food | Drink | Sweet |
| A | B | C |
| Morning Menu | Food | A |
|---|---|---|
| Drink | B | |
| Sweet | C |
| Food | Drink | Sweet |
|---|---|---|
| A | B | C |