VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.高空作业Working at Heights
SAFETY FIRST!
安全第一!
Working at Heights.
高空作业
1. Purpose
目的
Each plant must implement technical and organizational measures to assure that work completed at heights and near abysses is:
每家工厂都必须采取适当的技术与组织措施：
?avoided (look for alternatives)
避免高空作业或临边作业（寻求其他方案）；
?restricted (authorized operators, work permit)
对高空作业或临边作业实施限制（授权作业人员、工作许可证）；
?done in a safe way in accordance with the ABInBev and legislative requirements 按照百威英博和法规要求以安全的方式进行高空作业或临边作业。
2. Scope and definitions
范围与定义
This procedure applies globally and to all work at heights completed by all plant, primary logistics employees and also contractors.
本制度适用于全球范围内所有工厂、一级物流员工以及承包商的高空作业。
Accredit expert = an internal or external person that is qualified / competent by training and / or local law to do the concerned job.
授权专家= 经培训和/或当地法律认可的合格或能胜任相关工作的内部或外部人员。
3. Responsibilities
职责
The roles and responsibilities regarding the different tasks described in this procedure must be established at plant level.
工厂必须为本程序所涉及到的不同任务进行职责和责任的划分。
4. References
参考文件
VPO.SAFE.3.1.XX. → Safety Fundamentals
VPO.安全.3.1.XX. →安全基础
VPO.SAFE.3.2.01.Emergency Response
VPO.SAFE.3.2.02.Risk Assessments
VPO. 安全.3.2.02.风险评估
VPO.SAFE.3.2.03.Safety Signalization
VPO. 安全.3.2.03.安全标识
5. Procedure
程序
A.Technical
技术方面
1.Priority setting
设定优先次序
?The following priority setting must be applied for working on heights / near abysses: 高空作业/临边作业必须适用下列优先次序的设定：
2.General Requirements for ALL working at heights equipment
所有高空作业设备的一般要求
?Identification
识别
?An inventory of all height access equipment (scaffolding, mobile elevated platforms, safety cages, ladders, safety harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, safety nets, etc. ) must be
available.
必须提供所有高空作业设备的登记清单（脚手架、移动升降台、安全笼、梯子、安全带、安全绳、救
生索、安全网等）。
?The equipment must be properly labeled:
设备必须贴上适当标签：
o Use a unique identification.
使用统一的标识。
o The maximum load must be indicated as per manufacture specifications.
必须按出厂说明标出最大负载。
o Equipment can only be used if label / tag are present and up to date.
Tag on ladder (photo left) and Scaffold Inspection Tags (photo right) - Front side is
for recording details of the contract and a contact telephone number, as well as
information about the load bearing capacity of the scaffold. Reverse is for recording
details of weekly safety checks.
梯子上的标签（左图）和脚手架验收标签（右图）- 正面用于记录合同详情和联系电话，以及脚
手架负载能力资料；反面用于记录每周安全检查详情。
?Inspections
检查
?The equipment must be inspected before the first use and then at least yearly by an accredit expert:
设备在第一次使用前必须由授权专家进行检验，此后每年至少检验一次：
o Approved equipment must be identified as such.
检验合格的设备同样必须作标识；
o Defective equipment must be tagged, taken out of service and locked away until it is repaired.
有缺陷的设备必须贴上标签，不再使用，并上锁封存，直至维修后才能使用。
?Additional thorough inspection must take place:
下列情况必须进行额外的全面检查：
o after mishaps, drops and impacts
在事故、跌落和撞击后；
o after exposure to fire
在接触火源后；
o after exposure to corrosive substances
在接触腐蚀性物质后；
?Users must do a check before use: see next paragraphs and VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6.
Guidance for fall protection inspection
用户必须在使用前进行一次检查：参见下节和VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6.坠落防护检查指南。
?Maintenance
维护
?All height access equipment must be included in the planned maintenance scheme.
所有高空作业设备必须包含在维护计划中。
?Storage
储存
?When not in use, such equipment must be stored at a limited number of designated areas that will safeguard them from being damaged, in accordance with manufactures
不使用时，必须将该类设备储存在少数几个指定的区域内，该类区域符合产品说明书的要求能保护设备免受损伤。
? Use by third parties
由第三方使用
? Use of equipment of ABInBev by third parties (e.g. contractors) is not allowed unless
除下列情况外，不允许第三方（如：承包商）使用百威英博公司的设备：
o it is formally approved in writing and 经正式书面批准并
o the competency of the user has been verified and
确认使用者有资格
o the permission is given to individual user and not to companies
同意个人使用而非公司使用。
? Home made system
自制系统
? Home made (in house) systems must not be used unless they have been approved
in writing by an accredit expert. The systems must be approved prior to use and after each substantial alteration.
自制（内部）系统必须经授权专家书面批准方可使用。该类系统在使用前及每次实质性改装后必须获
得审批。
3. Safety Guarding 安全防护
? Pits and abysses must be properly covered or screened (preferably by guardrails or solid
fences).
深井和深坑必须妥善覆盖或隔离（最好采用护栏或坚固的栅栏）。
? Protection of the area beneath the work area: If there is a risk for falling objects, the
necessary precautions (safety net, shields) must be taken to prevent accidents and damage of goods.
作业区下方区域的保护：如有物体坠落的危险，则必须采取必要预防措施以防止发生意外事故、货物受
损。
? Platform Guardrails: Guardrails are installed on working platforms, they must meet the
following safety requirements (Dimensions in millimeter):
工作平台护栏：护栏安装在工作平台上，符合以下安全要求（尺寸以毫米计）：
1 Handrail 扶手
2 Knee rail 横杆
3 Kick plate 踢脚板
4 Stanchion 立柱
5 Walking level 工作面 1
4
2
3
?Stairs that give access to work platforms that are more then 2 meters high must be properly secured by means of self-closing gates or crossbars.
(note: not applicable for platforms that are only used for passing)
通往工作平台的阶梯高2米以上，则必须装有自闭式门或横杆作适当防护。
（注：此要求不适用于仅作为过道用的平台。）
4.Scaffolding
脚手架
?The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be documented in an OPL or SOP for each scaffolding system.
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A.2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
必须用单点课程（OPL）或标准操作规程（SOP）的形式描述每个脚手架的使用限制、安全说明以及检查情况。
除第A.2节规定的适用条款外，这些OPL或SOP还必须包括：
?Working area:
作业区：
o This equipment must be set up on hard, stable, level ground, even with outriggers deployed.
该设备必须安装在坚实、稳固、平整的地面，并装有垫板。
o The working area must be secured and marked, e.g. with warning cones, to avoid that the working platform gets hit by another vehicle or that people walk
underneath it.
作业区必须设有防护，贴有标识，如：装有警示锥，以防工作平台遭其它车辆撞击，或行人
从下方通过。
?Scaffolding mounting:
搭建脚手架：
o Scaffolding must be designed, erected, altered moved and dismantled by competent people, with all scaffolding work under the supervision of an accredit
expert.
脚手架必须由有资质的人员设计、搭建、移动、改建和拆除，所有脚手架工程均需由授权专
家监督。
o A safety plan describing the safe working practices to erect, alter, move and dismantle scaffolding must be provided by the accredit expert and must be
approved by the plant ES department:
o在搭建、改建、移动和拆除脚手架时必须由专家制定安全方案，并取得工厂ES部门的批准This plan must contain:
?The PPE to be used by people who are mounting the scaffolding.
?脚手架上作业人员使用的PPE规定
o Double lanyard fall protection is mandatory as of a height of 2 m A except in cases where (proven with risk assessment) a single lanyard
or other safety measure reduces the risk to an acceptable level.
o对于2米以上的作业，必须使用双绳安全带。除非有足够的风险分析（提供证明）证明单根安全绳的安全带已经可以将风险降低到可以接受的水平。
o Lanyards should be connected to
o安全绳需连接到
?First choice: vertical lifelines
?首选：垂直的生命线
?Second choice: horizontal lifelines
?第二选择：水平的生命线
? A structural member of the scaffold or the adjacent structure
(last choice)
?最后选择：脚手架或邻近的建筑物上
o Safety Helmet (hard hats) and safety shoes are mandatory
o安全帽（硬壳）和安全鞋是强制性的。
?The measures to prevent electrocution (when power cables are in the vicinity of the works)
?如邻近工作区域具有电线，需有措施保证不被电击。
?The measures to safeguard the people and equipment that are in the vicinity of the works
?需对邻近工作区域人员和设备进行防护。
? A scheme of the scaffolding to be mounted, including the guardrails and the toe boards
?人员登上脚手架的方式，包括护栏和踢脚板。
?The sequence in which the different parts need to be mounted. Lower parts should not be used while upper parts are being mounted unless proper
measures are taken that prevent injuries of the people working below ?脚手架不同部位的使用次序。如有人员在高位进行搭建，需禁止人员在低位进行作业，或采取合适的防护措施以免受伤。
?The way the different pieces must be tied together and must be connected to other structures (building,…)
?不同部件的连接方式以及必须有建筑物进行拉结。
?The measures to ensure safe lifting and storage of equipment on the scaffolding: the way lifting appliances must be mounted on the scaffolding ?在脚手架上提升或存储设备的方式，提升装置需固定在脚手架上。
?The measures to prevent damage by environmental loads (wind, snow, ice, earthquake loads)
?抵御自然环境的措施（风、雪、冰、地震等）
Such a safety plan is not mandatory for mounting of basic scaffolding (e.g. a stand-alone tower scaffolding) for which a clear SOP / OPL exists.
对于具有明确的SOP/OPL的简易脚手架（如单人使用的塔式脚手架）等除外。
o Scaffolding must be approved by an accredit expert prior to use, during use (at least weekly) and after each substantial alteration. See Checklist annex 1.
o Scaffolding must be equipped with guardrails (see A.3) per working platform level and each working platform must be fully boarded.
脚手架的每层工作平台均必须设置护栏（参见A.3），每层工作平台必须全部满铺。
o Scaffolding must be provided with suitable secured stair and ladder (see A.6) access onto the working platform.
脚手架必须配有适当的安全阶梯和梯子（参见A.6）以便进入工作平台。
?Use:
使用：
o Users must check if the scaffolding is approved for use (tag).
使用者必须对批准使用（贴上标签）的脚手架进行检查。
o Users must stand on the floor of the platform at all times they are elevated.
They may not lean out or leave the work platform. Ladders or other means
must not be used to gain height.
使用者在脚手架工作时必须全程站在满铺的工作平台上，不得斜靠工作平台。不得使用梯子
或其他工具增加高度。
o Access via ladders: see A.6.
使用梯子进入脚手架：参见A.6。
?Bamboo scaffolding can be used in countries where bamboo scaffolding is common practise, but the same requirements (see above) must be followed.
竹制脚手架可用于竹制脚手架较为常用的国家，但是必须遵守同样的要求（见上述规定）。
5.Mobile elevated working platforms and safety cages
移动式升降工作平台和安全笼
?Categories: Scissor-type powered platforms (photo left) and boom-type powered platforms (photo middle) and safety cage with Fork lift Truck – FLT (photos right)
种类：剪式电动工作平台（左图）、悬臂式电动工作平台（中间图）和叉车安全笼（右图）。
?Elevating Work Platforms and Safety Cages are well manufactured and are safe to use within their specific limitations.
升降工作平台和安全笼需制作完好，在其特定限制范围内安全使用。
One of the most dangerous hazards when operating such equipment is tipping over. It is important that users understand what makes a platform stable and what causes it to overturn:
操作该类设备时最大的危险之一就是倾倒。使用者需熟知如何保持平台平稳以及平台为何倾倒是极其重要的：
?Sudden movement of the unit or part of the unit when elevated
升降期间突然移动或局部突然移动；
?Sudden stopping when elevated
升降期间突然停止；
?Overloading or uneven loading of the platform
工作平台负载过重或负载不均；
?Traveling or operating on a slope or uneven terrain
在陡坡或不平地带经过或作业；
?Holes or drop offs in the floor surface causing one wheel to drop suddenly 地面有坑洞，导致某个车轮突然下陷；
?Operating the equipment in windy conditions
在有风的条件下操作该设备；
?Changing the weight distribution of the machine by replacing parts with others of a different weight or adding attachments not approved by the manufacturer
擅自更换不同重量的部件，导致机器重量分布改变，或未经生产商允许而添加附件。
?The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be documented in an OPL or SOP for each Mobil Elevated Working Platform and each Safety Cage.
必须制定描述每个移动式升降工作平台和每个安全笼的使用限制、安全说明以及检查情况的OPL或SOP。
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
除第A.2节规定的适用条款外，这些OPL或SOP还必须包括：
?Work area:
作业区：
o This equipment must be set up on hard, stable, level ground, even with outriggers deployed.
该设备必须安装在坚实、稳固、平整的地面，并装有支撑脚。
o The working area must be secured and marked, e.g. with warning cones, to avoid that the working platform gets hit by another vehicle or that people walk underneath it.
作业区必须设有防护，贴有标记，如：装有警示锥，以防工作平台遭其它车辆撞击，或行人从下方通过。
o The equipment must not be used near overhead obstructions and in particular well clear of electrical conductors.
该设备不得在高处障碍物附近使用，并特别要远离带电设备。
?Use:
使用：
o Users must check the equipment prior to use: see checklist annex 2 and 3.
使用者必须在设备使用前对设备进行检查：参见检查表附件2和3；
o Users must be familiar with the operating range of the individual make and model they are using. This knowledge is essential in order to position the
machine correctly and reach the work location safely.
使用者必须熟知其正在使用的设备品牌和型号的操作范围。这些知识对正确安放机器，安全到达工作地点是必不可少的。
o The user must use a safety belt to attach to the work platform.
使用者在工作平台上要使用安全带。
o Elevated personnel must stand on the floor of the platform at all times they are elevated. They may not lean out or leave the cage. Ladders or other means
must not be used to gain height.
使用者在上述设备上工作时必须全程站在工作平台上，不得斜靠安全笼。不得使用梯子或其他工具增加高度。
o The equipment must be operated in a slow and smooth manner.
设备操作必须平缓。
o Whenever a person is elevated, any horizontal maneuvering of the equipment must be minimized.
无论何时人员升降，必须尽量减少设备的水平运行。
o The controls must be oriented correctly so that the operator does not inadvertently move the machine in the wrong direction.
转向时必须正确定向，以免作业人员一时疏忽将机器移至错误方向。
o This equipment must not be used for lifting materials.
该设备不得用于起重物料。
?Specific for safety cages with FLT:
叉车安全笼特殊要求：
o The use of the safety cages with FLT must be limited to those situations where it is necessary to elevate personnel to perform special tasks of short duration
and where it is not possible to use a scaffold or specially designed device.
o叉车的安全笼必须仅在确需升降人员来执行短期特殊任务，且该处无法使用脚手架或专门设计的设施时才能使用；
o The transmission must be in the neutral position with the parking brake engaged.
运送过程中叉车需挂空档并拉紧手刹。
o The mast, if adjustable, must be set in the vertical position.
柱杆如果可调节，必须设定在垂直位置；
o The forks must be set in the horizontal position.
o The controls other than the lifting and lowering controls must not be operated during lifting.
在升降期间不得有其他控制动作。
o The FLT driver and every person to be elevated must check that the cage is securely attached on the FLT.
叉车司机及每个乘坐人员必须检查笼与叉车衔接是否牢固。
o The FLT driver must stay with the FLT controls at all times.
叉车司机必须随时保持对叉车的控制。
o The FLT driver must keep hands and feet clear of controls other than those in use.
叉车司机除在操作过程中外，其他时间手脚不得接触控制器。
o Before any person is elevated or supported by the cage, the FLT driver must lift the cage to the required work height to confirm that all systems are functioning correctly.
在任何人员乘坐安全笼升降或借助安全笼作业之前，叉车司机均须将安全笼升至所需工作高度，以确定所有系统工作正常。
o If the FLT is used in a noisy environment then the person in the cage must be given some means of gaining the FLT driver's attention, i.e. radio.
如果叉车使用环境嘈杂，则安全笼内人员应携带与叉车司机沟通的工具，如对讲机等。
o The FLT and the safety cage must be approved by an accredit expert. Only an approved FLT can be used for working with the cage.
叉车和安全笼必须经授权专家审批。未经审批的叉车不得与安全笼结合作业。
NOTE: in most countries the use of Mobil Elevated Working Platforms and Safety Cages + FLT is subject to very strict legal regulations.
注：在多数国家，移动式升降工作平台和安全笼+叉车受到非常严格的法律管制。
Version: 6 Document
Number
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.
Working at Heights
Page 11 of 39 Confidential – proprietary
information AB InBev
Owner: VP Technical
Approved: Validation Com.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6f15041170.html,dders
梯子
?In general, ladders must only be used to gain access or when doing simple operations.
Scaffolding or elevated working platforms must be used for heavy or lengthy work.
一般情况下，梯子仅供到达一个位置或进行简单作业时使用。脚手架或升降工作平台在进行繁重或长期作业时使用。
?The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be documented in an OPL or SOP for each type of ladders in use at the plant.
Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover:
必须制定OPL或SOP描述工厂使用的每种梯子的使用限制、安全说明以及检查情况。
除第A.2节规定的适用条款外，这些OPL或SOP还必须包括：
?Ladder technical specifics:
梯子的技术要求：
o Ladders must have good secure non-slip feet or swivel feet fitted on all legs.
梯子必须有良好的防滑垫；
o Ladders must not be painted – this can hide cracks or defects in timber / welds 梯子不得刷油漆–刷油漆可遮盖木料/焊接件上的裂纹或缺陷；
o Timber ladders: the steel banding on stiles or below rungs must not be removed.
o木制梯子：不得拆除梯框或踏步上的加固件；
o Portable step ladders:
便携式人字梯：
o Step Ladders must be fitted with a “spreader” connecting the back legs to the stiles. When the ladder is fully open, the spreader must be fully
engaged. The ladder must not be used unless this situation exists.
人字梯必须用“锁扣”将支撑脚与梯身连接后使梯子固定。当梯子完全张开，锁扣必须
保持锁紧。梯子必须处于此种状况使用。
o With the ladder fully open, the spread between the back legs and the stiles must be between 500 mm and 660 mm per meter-length of stile.
梯子完全张开时，保证支撑脚和梯身之间的距离为500-660/每米梯身）
o The “top cap” and the two top treads (rungs) must not be used fo r standing on.
梯子“顶端”和最上端的两级踏步不得用于站立。
Version: 6 Document
Number
VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.
Working at Heights
Page 12 of 39 Confidential – proprietary
information AB InBev
Owner: VP Technical
Approved: Validation Com.
o
Ladder mounting:
梯子的攀爬：
o The rungs must be free from material or substances likely to cause slips 踏步不得采用易滑的材料或物质制作。
o The ladder must extend at least 1 meter or 3 rungs above the surface to be reached OR the user can stand at least one meter from the top of the ladder
when in the working position.
梯子必须高出接触面上方1米或3级横档，或者当使用者在工作位置时可以站在离梯子顶端至少1米处。
o A ladder must not extend a vertical distance of more than 9m unless an intermediate landing place is provided.
除非提供有中间缓冲平台，否则梯子伸长垂直距离不得超过9米。
o When using an extension ladder sufficient overlap must be maintained between the parts.
在使用伸缩梯时衔接部分之间应保留足够的重叠部分。
o The ladder must be secured and it must be ensured that he can not slip: 梯子必须固定，确保使用者不会从梯上滑落。
o The top of the ladder must be tied to the structure to prevent it slipping OR the base of the ladder must be tied up
梯子顶部必须固定在稳固的位置上以防滑动，或梯子底部必须固定。
梯子底部必须固定，如果无法固定，则由另外一人扶住梯子，直至完成工作。
左图：梯子顶部固定（在梯子上工作，而非将梯子作为通道）
中图：在临近底部处固定。
右图：固定梯子底部。
o A ladder angle of 75 degrees must be ensured (1 m out for every 4 m up) 梯子的角度必须确保为75度。（每上升4米底部增加1米）
Ladder use:
梯子的使用：
o The ladder must be inspected before each use by the person who is intended to use the ladder. See checklist annex 4.
任何人使用梯子前都必须对梯子进行检查。参见附录4的检查清单；
o Only one person is allowed on a ladder at any time.
任何时候都只允许一人在梯子上；
o When climbing keep both hands on the stiles or rungs.
攀爬梯子时双手须抓住梯框或横档；
o Do not work form the top 3 runs.
不得站在最上面3级横档上工作；
o Always maintain 3 points of contact. Otherwise, fall arrest must be used.
自始至终保持3点接触。否则必须使用防坠落装置；
.
图：正确的-使用者保持了3点接触。
o Care must be taken when carrying tools up a ladder: if they cannot be carried safely they must be raised by a hand line.
携带工具上梯子时须格外小心；如果不能安全携带工具，则必须使用绳索将工具吊上去。
o The ladder must not be used to retrieve heavy objects (plastic rolls, electric motors) from racking.
梯子不得用于从货架取重物（如塑料轧辊、电机）；
o Never reach sideways further than an extended arm can reach.
身体侧斜取物时，侧斜范围不可超出臂长。
o Metal portable ladders must not be used when carrying out work on live electrical equipment.
便携式金属梯不得用于带电设备的作业。
NOTE: Fixed ladders
注：固定梯子
o Ladder cages must be installed where a person could fall more than 6 meters.
如果作业人员的坠落高度可能超过6米，则必须安装设置梯子围笼。
o The ladder must not extend a vertical distance of more than 9m unless an intermediate landing place is provided.
除非提供有中间缓冲平台，否则梯子垂直距离不得超过9米。
o Ladder handrails must extend 900 mm above openings.
梯子扶手必须在出入口上方延长0.9米。
7. Fall arrest systems
防坠落系统
? Consider collective protection over personal protection e.g. netting is collective but fall
arrest is personal.
采取个人防护之前要考虑集体防护，如安全网是集体防护，而防坠落系统是针对个人的。
Safety Nets
安全网
o Might be put as an additional safety to avoid injuries in case of falls but must never
be the only safety measure that is put in place.
可作为一种额外安全措施来避免坠落造成伤亡，但是不得作为现场设置的唯一安全措施。
o Must be designed, erected, altered and dismantled by competent people under the
supervision of an accredit expert.
必须在授权专家监督下，由有资质的人员设计、搭建、改建和拆除。
o Must be approved prior to use and after each substantial alteration by an accredit
expert.
在投入使用之前，以及进行每项重大改建之后，均需获得授权专家批准。
o Safety nets must be installed not more than 4,6 m below the work area. 安全网必须设置在作业区下方不超过4.6米处。
o The maximum deflection when arresting the fall of a person does not allow any
portion of the person to contact another surface.
防护网的设计偏差能保护坠落人员的任何部位不接触其他表面。
o There must be no obstruction or intervening members that may be struck during a
fall between the work area and the safety net.
在从作业区坠落至安全网期间，不得有任何可能碰撞上的障碍物或插入构件。
Cage
围笼
Intermediate platform 中间平台
Lifeline, Lanyard & Safety Harness
救生索、安全绳和安全带
o The operating limits, the operating and safety instructions and the checks must be documented in an OPL or SOP for each type of lifeline, lanyards and safety
harnesses in use at the plant.
o必须为工厂使用的每种救生索、安全绳和安全带制定OPL或SOP来说明操作限制、操作与安全说明以及检查情况。
o Next to the applicable items of paragraph A2, these OPL or SOPs must cover: 除第A.2节规定的适用条款外，这些OPL或SOP还必须包括：
o Technical specifics:
技术要求：
o A lifeline must be clearly identified by color or by another means that provides an equivalent level of safety and not be used for other purposes.
必须用安全方面的颜色或其他方式将救生索标识清楚，确保不会被用于其他用途。
o A fall arrest system that has arrested a fall must be removed from service and inspected by a competent person, and be repaired to the original
manufacturer's specifications or destroyed, when a defect is observed.
必须将截获过坠落物的防坠落系统拆除不再使用，并由合格人员进行检验，如发现缺
陷，则修复至原生产厂家的技术规格，或进行销毁。
o Mounting:
安装：
o The fall arrest system must be adequately secured to an anchor point, or
a lifeline that is securely fastened to an anchor point, or attached to a
static line that is securely fastened to an anchor point.
防坠落系统必须牢牢地固定在坚固的支撑点上，或牢牢固定在锚固点的救生索上，或
绑在锚固点的固定绳索上。
o The lifeline must be secured at the base to prevent tangling or disturbance of the line.
救生索必须有另外的固定点，以防绳索纠结或遇到障碍物。
o Use:
使用：
o Proper fall arrest systems (e.g. lifelines) must be used
在下列情况下必须使用适当的防坠落系统（如救生索）：
o when working near abysses of more then 3 m.
在超过3米深的深坑附近作业；
o when working on ladders and it is not possible to maintain 3 points of contact.
在梯子上作业，且梯子无法保持三点接触。
o A double lanyard must be used, except in cases where via risk assessment a single lanyard reduces the risk to an acceptable level o必须使用双钩安全绳，除非通过风险评估证明单钩安全绳可以将风险降低到可接受的水平。
o Each component of a fall arrest system, including each lifeline, must be inspected by the operator prior to each use to determine whether there
are any defective, or otherwise unsafe components. VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6.
Guidance for fall protection inspection,If a defect is observed, no person
must use or permit the use of the system until the defective components
are replaced or repaired.
使用前须由作业人员对防坠落系统的每样部件，包括每根救生索进行检查，以确定是
否有缺陷，或不安全的部件。（参见VPO.SAFE.3.1.02.6.坠落防护检查指南）如
果发现任何缺陷，在缺陷部件被更换或修复前，任何人不得使用。
o The safety harness must be attached to the lanyard and must be adjusted to fit the user of the harness.
安全带必须绑缚在安全绳上，并将安全带调整至适合使用者。
o The lanyard must be attached to an anchor point or lifeline, where practically possible, above the shoulder of the user. It will prevent a free
fall greater than 1,2 m where the fall arrest system is not equipped with a
shock absorption system or where the combined free fall and shock
absorbed deceleration distance exceeds the distance between the work
area and a safe surface.
安全绳必须绑缚在坚固的支撑点或救生索上，尽可能靠近使用者的肩部上方。这样就
可以在防坠落系统未配备缓冲器时，或自由坠落中缓冲器作用下防止坠落 1.2米以
上。
o In extra dangerous circumstances, 2 lanyards should be used, so that always 1 of the 2 lanyards is connected to the lifeline
在特别危险的场合，应使用两条安全绳，以确保两条安全绳中总有一条与救生索相
连。
Harness Lanyard double lanyard Lifeline
安全带安全绳双钩安全绳救生索
8.Stairs阶梯
?At least the first and last step of every stair must be clearly marked, good practise is the use of tiger striping
?阶梯的最上和最下面一层需标识出来，最佳实践是使用黄黑相间的警示色。
? A sign “Hold hand rails” mu st be put at every access to the stairway.
?在阶梯处需张贴“使用扶手”的标识。
9.Access to Conveyers 输送带上工作
?Risk Assessment
风险评估.
o A Risk assessment must determine which measures or combination of measures is most effective, reckoning with the different circumstances:
进行风险分析，确认哪些控制措施是最有效的，需根据不同的工作环境确认不同的控制措施o Yearly
每年回顾一次
o to identify when and where entry onto conveyors is necessary and to assess the hazards and preventive measures associated with it.
识别什么时候从什么位置踏上输送带进行工作，有什么风险，控制措施是什么
o must include all production, cleaning, inspection or maintenance activities.
需考虑所有生产、清洗、检查和维护的各种活动
o to identify improvement projects that limit the need to enter on conveyers such as pallet inspections, keg inspections, etc…
o考虑申请项目减少输送带上工作（如托盘检查，桶装检查等）的必要性，o For new projects, an assessment must be made in the project phase in order to
对于新的项目，在项目期间需考虑
o reduce the need of entry onto the conveyors.
减少输送带上工作的必要性
o ensure compliance with this procedure.
确认符合此程序要求
?Behavioral requirements for entry onto a conveyor.
?踏上输送带的要求（行为方面的要求）
o Entry onto a conveyor must be limited to an absolutely minimum.
必须尽可能地避免踏上输送带工作
o Entry on moving conveyors is forbidden
禁止踏上正在移动的输送带
o Entry onto a properly stopped conveyor must be limited to an absolutely minimum, but is sometime necessary in abnormal situations (cleaning, maintenance, repair,
clearing jams). The conveyor and adjacent equipment must then be properly
isolated, locked off and tagged (apply proper lock-out tag-out).
o必须尽可能避免踏上输送带上工作，但是有时在非正常情况下（清洗、维护、维修、清理堵塞
时）不得不站在输送带工作，此时需将输送带和周边的机器停下来，并进行隔离、上锁挂牌。
?Infrastructural requirements.基础设施要求
o At locations where abnormal circumstances are more frequent, fixed access platforms, stairs and handrails must be in place to go across or walk along the
conveyor.
如这种非正常情况的频率非常高，则需要准备固定的平台、阶梯和扶手来跨越输送带或在输送带
Fixed platform along conveyers
输送带边上的固定平台
Handrails on conveyers. Handrail and support pole on other side 输送带上的阶梯和扶手扶手和另一侧的辅助杆
Stairs to cross conveyers.
跨越输送带的阶梯
o If fixed walking platforms are not possible, fixed in between walking plates must be installed between the rollers ( e.g. on conveyor access points, on conveyor
traversing points, on frequently used intervention points,…)
如果无法设置固定的平台，则需在输送带的滚轮之间铺设填充板（如在输送带入口，输送带通过