Unit One Text A

Unit One Text A

1. What is Art?

2. What is art as far as you know?

3. Why does art play a large part in making our lives infinitely rich?

12. What are the other factors making up the “content” side of art?

14. Do you agree that Art is something that makes us more thoughtful and well-rounded humans? Imagine, just for a minute, a world without art! If so, what a terrible life we will suffer from! ? Why?

16. What is the Visual Culture?

17. What is the Stone Age?

19. The art historian judges early pieces of art as objects in their own right, why?

24. What’s your definition of art after going over the text?

25. Why does the author indicate that art varies from person to person?

26. What if human beings live without art in the daily life?

Unit One Text B

1. What does the first paragraph tell us?

3. Who was the first art historian as well as a Greek sculptor?

4. Renaissance (when, where and what)

8. What does the scholar-official class indicate?

9. Who is Xie He and what contribution did he make to Chinese painting?

12.Why do we say art history is a relatively new academic enterprise?

13.What does the academic research concerning art history refer to?

14.What does the phrase the visual arts indicate?

16.The field of art history is divided into three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes, what are they?

20. Please say something about the High Renaissance.

21. The difference between tradition and Modernism.

Unit Two Text A

1.What is the definition of museum?

3.What’s the main fun ction of a museum?

4.Where are museums generally located?

7.What programs and activities do museums offer for a range of audiences?

11. What are modern trends in museology?

13. Museums can be a great source of about cultures and history, why?

17. Is it possible for the public to have access to museums?

13.When and where were the first public museums established?

19. Say something about the Age of Enlightenment.

20. What does the Amerbach Cabinet refer to？

21.What’s the implied meaning for this sentence? “At that time, the public museums,

however, were often accessible only by the middle and upper classes. It could be difficult to gain entrance.”

22.Which period is often called “The Museum Period” or “The Museum Age”? Why?

26. Answer the questions after going over the text.

Unit Two Text B

1. What’s the aim of the British Museum?

2.What three important principles has the British Museum carried out since its foundation?

5.When did it open first to the public?

7.Why were parts of the collection evacuated from the British Museum?

11. What does the Reading Room indicate?

14. Why do people consider the British Museum as one of the most-visited public buildings in

London, contributing to its cultural and economic life?

17. What if King George II refused the offer?

19. How did the British Museum raise the funds for the purchase and storage of the collections?

20.What’s the main content of the foundation collections?

23. In the early days of the British Museum the collection consisted of three parts, what were

they?

24. Please name some most precious Chinese objects in the museum.

25. What’s the theme of the new permanent exhibition?

旅游与文化 翻译

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英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1. 词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message? (你要不要留个话儿?)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1 According to the new s chool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。 ［注释］：许多人把scale译为"范围"，和文章的语篇意思和句子的确切含义大相径庭。

英语翻译技巧实例

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进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置） （2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置） （3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

常用翻译技巧和方法

常用翻译方法和技巧 1. 四种翻译方法 1.1直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。 意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。（陈宏薇） 简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。 意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。（杨莉藜） Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1, literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde). 练习： 1. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢擦一擦他的鳄鱼泪。 2. It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good. 对有些人有害的事情可能对另一些人有利。 3. Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意日。

文化经典选修教材重点翻译(附带重点字词和参考译文)

要求： 1.通读全句，划出采分点（实词、虚词、句式），然后翻译。 2.翻译后，通读自己的译文，检查有无舛漏。 3.这里只是选取了课文里的部分重点句子以帮助大家复习，会考小本里的课外文言文段落还需大家用心温习。 《晋灵公不君》 1.将谏，士季曰：“谏而不入，则莫之继也。会请先，不入，则子继之。” （赵盾）准备进谏，士季说：?（您是正卿，您）去进谏，如果国君不接受，那就没有谁能接着进谏了。我请求先去进谏,假如国君不采纳,那么您再继续进谏。? 2.犹不改。宣子骤谏，公患之，使鉏麑贼之。 (晋灵公)仍旧不改。赵宣子多次进谏。晋灵公很厌恶他，（就）派鉏麑（去）刺杀他。 3.晨往，寝门辟矣，盛服将朝。尚早，坐而假寐。 （鉏麑）清早赶去，看到卧室的门已打开了。(赵宣子)已穿戴整齐准备上朝，由于时间还早，端坐在那里打瞌睡。 4.公嗾夫獒焉。明搏而杀之。盾曰：“弃人用大，虽猛何为！”斗且出。提弥明死之。 晋灵公唤出那条猛犬向赵盾扑去。提弥明徒手搏击猛犬,把它打死了。赵盾说：?不用人而使唤狗,即使凶猛,又顶得了什么??一面搏斗,一面退出宫门.提弥明为赵盾战死（殉难）。 5.初，宣子田于首山，舍于翳桑。 当初，赵宣子在首阳山打猎，在翳桑住了一晚。 6.使尽之，而为之箪食与肉，置诸橐以与之。既而与为公介，倒戟以御公徒，而免之。 （赵盾）要他吃光,并给他预备一筐饭和肉,放在袋子里送给他。不久灵辄做了晋灵公的甲士,却把戟掉过头来抵御灵公手下的人,使赵盾得免于难。 7.对曰：“子为正卿，亡不越竟，反不讨贼，非子而谁？” （太史）回答说:?您是正卿,逃亡没有越过国境,回来后又不声讨叛贼,弑君的不是您又是谁?? 《求谏》 1.朕每闲居静坐，则自内省，恒恐上不称天心，下为百姓所怨。但思正人匡谏，欲令耳目外通，下无怨滞。又比见人来奏事者，多有怖惧，言语致失次第。寻常奏事，情犹如此，况欲谏诤，必当畏犯逆鳞。 我每当无事静坐,就自我反省。常常害怕对上不能使上天称心如意,对下被百姓怨恨。只想得到正直忠诚的人匡救劝谏,好让我的视听能和外边相通,使下面没有积怨。此外近来见到来奏事的人,常显得心怀恐惧,连讲话也变得语无伦次.平时奏事,情况尚且如此,何况要折面谏诤,必然害怕触犯逆鳞. 2.臣闻木从绳则正，后从谏则圣。是故古者圣主必有争臣七人，言而不用，则相继以死。陛下开圣虑，纳刍荛，愚臣处不讳之朝，实愿罄其狂瞽。

高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题

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文化英语翻译精编版

文化英语翻译 GE GROUP system office room 【GEIHUA16H-GEIHUA GEIHUA8Q8-

Unit1 中国丝绸 中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期（前1600——前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉（前206——公元25）时张蹇通西域，把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。 Chinese Silk China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600-BC256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty(206BC-25AD),Zhang Jian ,an outstanding diplomat ,traveled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color , and abundant cultural connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.