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SAE J1397_1992

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Properties of turned and polished or turned and ground types of cold finished material will correspond to the hot rolled values.

The cold drawn properties are based on conventional production from hot rolled bars.

Cold drawn carbon steel bars in grades 1042 and higher are frequently thermally treated prior to cold drawing to enhance machinability.

4.Alloy Steel—Hardness and machinability ratings for cold drawn alloy steel bars are listed in Table 4 with the

appropriate microstructure. The microstructure listed for alloy steels in Table 4 is identified as follows:

a.Type A—Predominantly lamellar pearlite and ferrite.

b.Type B—Predominantly spheroidized.

c.Type C—This is a hot rolled structure which depends upon grade, size, and rolling conditions of the

producing mill. The structure may be coarse or fine pearlite or bainite. The pearlite at low

magnification may be blocky or acicular. For descriptive information, see U. S. Air Force Machinability

Report, Volume 2, 1951, published by Curtiss-Wright Corporation.

d.Type D—This is a structure resulting from a subcritical anneal or temper anneal. It is usually a

granular or spheroidized carbide condition confined to the hot rolled grain pattern, which may be blocky

or acicular.

5.Machinability—While it is recognized that the views regarding alloy steel machinability vary considerably, it is

believed that the ratings contained in this report reflect current industry experience. The data on which the ratings were based were obtained by a detailed survey of both producers and users. The data summarize the combined experience of both groups. Various factors influence machinability and, therefore, results shown in Table 1 are average and may be affected to some degree by the amount of cold reduction, mechanical --`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

properties, grain size, microstructure, type of tooling, and machining operation(s) performed.

The machinability ratings listed are based on a value of 100% for SAE 1212 cold drawn steel. This value involves turning at a cutting speed of 55 m (180 surface feet) per minute for feeds up to 0.18 mm (0.007 in) per revolution and depths of cut up to 6.4 mm (0.250 in), using appropriate cutting fluids with high speed steel tools, SAE Grade T-1 (18-4-1) hardened to 63-65 HRC (SAE J437, J438).

Most low carbon alloy steels are machined in the as-rolled or as-rolled and cold drawn or cold finished condition. Higher carbon alloy steels and high hardenability low carbon steels, such as SAE 9310, may be conditioned for machining by a variety of heat treatments. Thermal treatments used to condition these steels for machining include subcritical annealing, annealing for softening to no specified structure, annealing to a specified structure such as lamellar pearlite or a percentage of lamellar pearlite and spheroidization, or to a fully spheroidized condition.

The structures imparted to the bars are evaluated in the machining operation by the tooling setup and the type of tool used. It is possible to use widely diverging hardnesses and structures with different tooling setups and obtain satisfactory results both as to finish and parts per hour.

TABLE 1—ESTIMATED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MACHINABILITY RATINGS OF NONRESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL BARS, MANGANESE 1.00% MAXIMUM

UNS No.

SAE

and/or

AISI No.

Type of

Processing

Tensile

Strength

MPa

Tensile

Strength

psi

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Yield

Strength

MPa

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Yield

Strength

psi

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Elongation

2 in, %

Reduction

Area %

Brinell

Hardness

Average

Machinability

Rating

(Cold Drawn)

1212=100%

G100601006Hot Rolled300 43 00017024 000305586

50 Cold Drawn330 48 00028041 000204595

G100801008Hot Rolled303 44 00017024 500305586

55 Cold Drawn340 49 00029041 500204595

G101001010Hot Rolled320 47 00018026 000285095

55 Cold Drawn370 53 00030044 0002040105

G101201012Hot Rolled330 48 00018026 500285095

55 Cold Drawn370 54 00031045 0001940105

G101501015Hot Rolled340 50 00019027 5002850101

60 Cold Drawn390 56 00032047 0001840111

G101601016Hot Rolled380 55 00021030 0002550111

70 Cold Drawn420 61 00035051 0001840121

G101701017Hot Rolled370 53 00020029 0002650105

65 Cold Drawn410 59 00034049 0001840116

G101801018Hot Rolled400 58 00022032 0002550116

70 Cold Drawn440 64 00037054 0001540126

G101901019Hot Rolled410 59 00022032 5002550116

70 Cold Drawn460 66 00038055 0001540131

G102001020Hot Rolled380 55 00021030 0002550111

65 Cold Drawn420 61 00035051 0001540121

G102101021Hot Rolled420 61 00023033 0002448116

70 Cold Drawn470 68 00039057 0001540131

G102201022Hot Rolled430 62 00023034 0002347121

70 Cold Drawn480 69 00040058 0001540137

G102301023Hot Rolled370 56 00021031 0002550111

65 Cold Drawn430 62 00036052 5001540121

G102501025Hot Rolled400 58 00022032 0002550116

65 Cold Drawn440 64 00037054 0001540126

G102601026Hot Rolled440 64 00024035 0002449126

75 Cold Drawn490 71 00041060 0001540143

G10300

1030

Hot Rolled 470 68 00026037 500204213770Cold Drawn

520 76 00044064 0001235149G103501035Hot Rolled 500 72 00027039 500184014365Cold Drawn

550 80 00046067 0001235163G103701037Hot Rolled 510 74 00028040 500184014365Cold Drawn

570 82 00048069 0001235167G103801038Hot Rolled 520 75 00028041 000184014965Cold Drawn

570 83 00048070 0001235163G103901039Hot Rolled 540 79 00030043 500164015660Cold Drawn

610 88 00051074 0001235179G104001040Hot Rolled 520 76 00029042 000184014960Cold Drawn

590 85 00049071 0001235170G104201042Hot Rolled 550 80 00030044 000164016360Cold Drawn 610 89 00052075 0001235179NCD (1)

590 85 00050073 000124517970G104301043Hot Rolled 570 82 00031045 000164016360Cold Drawn 630 91 00053077 0001235179NCD (1)

600 87 00052075 000124517970G104401044Hot Rolled 550 80 00030044 0001640163G10450

1045

Hot Rolled 570 82 00031045 000164016355Cold Drawn 630 91 00053077 0001235179ACD (2)

590 85 00050073 000124517065G104601046Hot Rolled 590 85 00032047 000154017055Cold Drawn 650 94 00054079 0001235187ACD (2)

620 90 00052075 000124517965G104901049Hot Rolled 600 87 00033048 000153517945Cold Drawn 670 97 00056081 5001030197ACD (2)

630 92 00053077 000104018755G105001050Hot Rolled 620 90 00034049 500153517945Cold Drawn 690100 00058084 0001030197ACD (2)

660

95 000

550

80 000

189

55TABLE 1—ESTIMATED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MACHINABILITY RATINGS

OF NONRESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL BARS, MANGANESE 1.00% MAXIMUM (CONTINUED)

UNS No.SAE and/or AISI No.Type of Processing Tensile Strength MPa Tensile Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength MPa Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values

Elongation in 2 in, %Reduction in Area %Brinell Hardness Average

Machinability

Rating (Cold Drawn)1212=100%

G10550

1055

Hot Rolled 650 94 00036051 500123019255

ACD (2)

660 96 00056081 0001040197G106001060Hot Rolled 680 98 00037054 000123020160

SACD (3)

620 90 00048070 0001045183G106401064Hot Rolled 670 97 00037053 5001230201SACD (3)

610 89 00048069 000104518360

G106501065Hot Rolled 690100 000 38055 0001230207SACD (3)

630 92 00049071 000104518760

G107001070Hot Rolled 700102 000 39056 0001230212SACD (3)

640 93 00050072 000104519255

G107401074Hot Rolled 720105 000 40058 0001230217SACD (3)

650 94 50050073 000104019255

G107801078Hot Rolled 690100 000 38055 0001230207SACD (3)

650 94 00050072 500104019255

G108001080Hot Rolled 770112 000 42061 5001025229SACD (3)

680 98 00052075 000104019245

G108401084Hot Rolled 820119 000 45065 5001025241SACD (3)

690100 000 53077 000104019245

G108501085Hot Rolled 830121 000 46066 5001025248SACD (3)

690100 500 54078 000104019245

G108601086Hot Rolled 770112 000 42061 5001025229SACD (3)

670 97 00051074 000104019245

G109001090Hot Rolled 840122 000 46067 0001025248SACD (3)

700101 000 54078 000104019745

G109501095Hot Rolled 830120 000 46066 0001025248SACD (3)

680

99 000

520

76 000

197

1.NCD represents normalized cold drawn.

2.ACD represents annealed cold drawn.

3.SACD represents spheroidized annealed cold drawn.

TABLE 1—ESTIMATED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MACHINABILITY RATINGS

OF NONRESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL BARS, MANGANESE 1.00% MAXIMUM (CONTINUED)

UNS No.SAE and/or AISI No.Type of Processing Tensile Strength MPa Tensile Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength MPa Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values

Elongation in 2 in, %Reduction in Area %Brinell Hardness Average

Machinability

Rating (Cold Drawn)1212=100%

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TABLE 2—ESTIMATED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MACHINABILITY RATINGS

OF RESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL BARS (1)

1.All 1100 and 1200 series steels are rated on the basis of 0.10% maximum silicon or coarse grain melting practice.

UNS No.SAE and/or AISI No.Type of Processing Tensile Strength MPa Tensile Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength MPa

Estimated Minimum Values Yield Strength psi Estimated Minimum Values Elongation

in 2 in, %

Reduction

in Area %

Brinell Hardness Average Machinability

Rating (Cold Drawn)1212=100%

G11080

1108

Hot Rolled 340 50 00019027 5003050101Cold Drawn

390 56 00032047 0002040121 80

G111701117Hot Rolled 430 62 00023034 0002347121Cold Drawn

480 69 00040058 0001540137 90

G113201132Hot Rolled 570 83 00031045 5001640167Cold Drawn

630 92 00053077 0001235183 75

G113701137Hot Rolled 610 88 00033048 0001535179Cold Drawn

680 98 00057082 0001030197 70

G114001140Hot Rolled 540 79 00030043 5001640156Cold Drawn

610 88 00051074 0001235170 70

G114101141Hot Rolled 650 94 00036051 5001535187Cold Drawn

720105 10061088 0001030212 70

G114401144Hot Rolled 670 97 00037053 0001535197Cold Drawn

740108 00062090 0001030217 80

G114601146Hot Rolled 590 85 00032047 0001540170Cold Drawn

650 94 00055080 000123518770

G115101151Hot Rolled 630 92 00034050 5001535187Cold Drawn

700102 00059086 0001030207 65

G121101211Hot Rolled 380 55 00023033 0002545121Cold Drawn

520 75 00040058 0001035163 95

G121201212Hot Rolled 390 56 00023033 5002545121Cold Drawn

540 78 00041060 0001035167100

G121301213Hot Rolled 390 56 00023033 5002545121Cold Drawn

540 78 00041060 0001035167135

G1214412L14Hot Rolled 390 57 00023034 0002245121Cold Drawn

540

78 000

410

60 000

163

160

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TABLE 3—ESTIMATED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MACHINABILITY RATINGS OF NONRESULFURIZED CARBON STEEL BARS, MANGANESE MAXIMUM OVER 1.00%

UNS No.

SAE

and/or

AISI No.

Type of

Processing

Tensile

Strength

MPa

Tensile

Strength

psi

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Yield

Strength

MPa

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Yield

Strength

psi

Estimated

Minimum

Values

Elongation

2 in, %

Reduction

Area %

Brinell

Hardness

Average

Machinability

Rating

(Cold Drawn)

1212=100%

G152401524Hot Rolled510 74 00028041 0002042149

Cold Drawn570 82 00048069 000123516360

G152701527Hot Rolled520 75 00028041 0001840149

Cold Drawn570 83 00048070 000123516365

G153601536Hot Rolled570 83 00031045 5001640163

Cold Drawn630 92 00053077 500123518755

G154101541Hot Rolled630 92 00035051 0001540187

Cold Drawn710102 50060087 000103020745

ACD (1)

1.ACD represents annealed cold drawn.650 94 00055080 000104518460

G154801548Hot Rolled660 96 00037053 0001433197

Cold Drawn730106 50062089 500102821745

ACD(1)640 93 50054078 500103519250

G155201552Hot Rolled740108 00041059 5001230217

ACD(1)680 98 00057083 000104019350 --`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

TABLE 4—MACHINABILITY OF ALLOY STEEL

UNS No.AISI and/or

SAE No.

Machinability

Rating Condition

Range of

Typical

Hardness

Microstructure

Type(1)

G133********Annealed and Cold Drawn179/235A

G134********Annealed and Cold Drawn183/241A

G40230402370Cold Drawn156/207C

G40240402475Cold Drawn156/207C

G40270402770Annealed and Cold Drawn167/212A

G40280402875Annealed and Cold Drawn167/212A

G40320403270Annealed and Cold Drawn174/217A

G40370403770Annealed and Cold Drawn174/217A

G40420404265Annealed and Cold Drawn179/229A

G40470404765Annealed and Cold Drawn179/229A

G41180411860Cold Drawn170/207C

G41300413070Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41350413570Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41370413770Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41400414065Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41420414265Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41450414560Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229A

G41470414760Annealed and Cold Drawn187/235A

G41500415055Annealed and Cold Drawn187/241A, B G41610416150Spheroidized and Cold Drawn187/241B, A G43200432060Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229D, B, A G43400434050Annealed and Cold Drawn187/241B, A G43406 E434050Annealed and Cold Drawn187/241B, A G44220442265Cold Drawn170/212C

G44270442765Annealed and Cold Drawn170/212A

G46150461565Cold Drawn174/223C

G46170461765Cold Drawn174/223C

G46200462065Cold Drawn183/229C

G46260462670Cold Drawn170/212C

G47180471860Cold Drawn187/229C

G47200472065Cold Drawn187/229C

G48150481550Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229D, B G48170481750Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229D, B G48200482050Annealed and Cold Drawn187/229D, B G50401 50B4065Annealed and Cold Drawn174/223A

G50441 50B4465Annealed and Cold Drawn174/223A

G50460504660Annealed and Cold Drawn174/223A

G50461 50B4660Annealed and Cold Drawn174/223A

G50501 50B5055Annealed and Cold Drawn183/235A

G50600506055Spheroidized Annealed and Cold

Drawn

170/212B

G50601 50B6055Spheroidized Annealed and Cold

Drawn

170/212B

G51150511565Cold Drawn163/201C --`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

G51200512070Cold Drawn

163/201C G51300513070Annealed and Cold Drawn 174/212A G51320513270Annealed and Cold Drawn 174/212A G51350513570Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/217A G51400514065Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/217A G51470514765Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/229A G51500515060Annealed and Cold Drawn 183/235A, B G51550515555Annealed and Cold Drawn 183/235A, B G51600516055Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

179/217B G51601 51B6055Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

179/217B G50986 5010040Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

183/241B G51986 5110040Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

183/241B G52986 5210040Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn 183/241B G61180611860Cold Drawn

179/217C G61500615055Annealed and Cold Drawn 183/241B, A G81150811565Cold Drawn

163/202C G81451 81B4565Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/223A G86150861570Cold Drawn 179/235C G86170861770Cold Drawn 179/235C G86200862065Cold Drawn 179/235C G86220862265Cold Drawn

179/235C G86250862560Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/223A G86270862760Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/223A G86300863070Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/229A G86370863765Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/229A G86400864065Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/229A G86420864265Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/229A G86450864565Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/235A G86451 86B4565Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/235A G86500865060Annealed and Cold Drawn 187/248A, B G86550865555Annealed and Cold Drawn 187/248A, B G86600866055Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn 179/217B G87200872065Cold Drawn

179/235C G87400874065Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/235A G88220882255Cold Drawn

179/223B G92540925445Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

187/241B G92600926040Spheroidized Annealed and Cold Drawn

184/235B G93106931050Annealed and Cold Drawn 184/229D G94151 94B1570Cold Drawn 163/202C G94171 94B1770Cold Drawn

163/202C G94301

94B30

Annealed and Cold Drawn

170/223

1.(See section 3) for description of type.

TABLE 4—MACHINABILITY OF ALLOY STEEL (CONTINUED)

UNS No.AISI and/or SAE No.

Machinability

Rating

Condition

Range of Typical Hardness

HB Microstructure

Type (1)

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6.Notes

6.1Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating

areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.

PREPARED BY THE SAE IRON AND STEEL DIVISION 1—CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS

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Rationale—Not applicable.

Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—Not applicable.

Application—This SAE Information Report is intended to provide a guide to mechanical properties and machinability characteristics of some SAE steel grades. The ratings and properties shown are provided as general information and not as requirements for specifications unless each instance is approved by the source of supply.

Reference Section

Metals Handbook, 8th ed., Volume 3, Machining, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH 44073.

Machining Data Handbook, Volumes 1 and 2.

Machinability Data Center, Metcut Research Associates, 3980 Rosslyn Drive, Cincinnati, OH

45209.

U.S. Air Force Machinability Report, Vol. 2, 1951, Published by Curtiss-Wright Corp., Wood-Ridge,

NJ 07075.

Developed by the SAE Iron and Steel Division 1—Carbon and Alloy Steels

Sponsored by the SAE Iron and Steel Executive Committee

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