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观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语从句的用法。

①Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to Greenland.

②Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed.

③Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans.

④By around 900AD，there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live.

[自我总结]以上四句均为复合句，每句中都含有一个。其中①③句的分别为25 ships；the man，前均有介词。②④句的分别为the place；many places，都是where。

【答案】定语从句；先行词；关系代词；先行词；关系副词

关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

Ⅰ.关系副词引导的定语从句

当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why等。

一、关系副词where

1．where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，在从句中作地点状语。

They went into the hall where the meeting was being held.他们走进正在开会的大厅。

2．where可以引导非限制性定语从句。

Galileo lived in the city of Pisa，where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.

伽利略住在比萨城，那里有座大约180英尺高的斜塔。

3．关系副词where常可用“介词＋关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替。

The office where(at which)he works is not far from here.他工作的办公室离这儿不远。

Japan is the place where (in which) earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方。

【疑难辨析】

where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别

引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。

He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.(定语从句)他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。

When you read the book，you'd better make a mark where you have questions.(状语从句)

读这本书的时候，你最好在有疑问的地方作一下标记。

二、关系副词when

1．when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，在从句中作时间状语。

He came at a time when I least expected him.

他在我最意料不到的时候来了。

I'll never forget the day when I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。

2．when可以引导非限制性定语从句。

In the old days，when I was a little boy，the city had no industry to speak of.

在过去，那时我还小，这个城市没有工业可言。

3．关系副词when有时可用“介词＋关系代词”代替。

I still remember the day when(on which)I joined the Youth League.我仍然记得我加入共青团的那一天。

三、关系副词why

1．why引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示原因的名词(如reason，

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