一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时

1.在确定的过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1992，just now等例如：It snowed heavily last night.

It was very cold yesterday.

2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

3.句型：1）It is time for sb to do sth. “到…..时间了” “该….了”

It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

2）It is time（that）sb did sth “时间已经迟了” “早该….了”例如：It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

4. 结构：主+动词过去式+其它

否定句：主+didn’t+动词原形+其它

一般疑问句：Did+主+动词原形+其它？

肯定回答; Yes, 主+did. No,主+didn’t.

动词变过去式规则：

规则变化：1）大多数情况直接+ed

work-worked ask-asked

2) 以e结尾的动词只加d arrive-arrived like-liked

3) 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.

shop-shopped

4) 辅音字母+y 变y为i加ed. carry-carried study-studied

不规则变化;见表

练习题：

一、写出下列动词的过去式

is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________

play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________

worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________

put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________

二、句型变换

1 There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句：__________________________________________________________

一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________

肯定回答：__________________________________________________________

否定回答：__________________________________________________________

2 They played football in the playground.

否定句：__________________________________________________________

一般疑问句：__________________________________________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________________________________________ 否定回答：__________________________________________________________

三、用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?

She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday

10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.

11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day.

12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday.

13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)

14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)

15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.

16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________.

17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.

18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.

19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.

20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.

21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)

22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)

23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.

24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)

25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)

26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.

27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.

28.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

四、句型转换

1、Lucy did her homework at home.

（改否定句）Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.

2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)

___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?

3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）

__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?

4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)

_________ there ___________ orange in the cup?

现在完成时

1.基本用法

1）.表示过去发生或已经已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文提示外，一般用表示过去的时间状语来表示，常和at that time, at that moment 等，

Have you read the story? 你读过那个故事吗？

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是:是否知道故事的内容）

I have bought two apples.

(“买”这个动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果)

常用的副词是：already,just,ever,yet,never(already, just用于肯定句，ever,yet,never常用于否定句和疑问句)

Haven’t you finished your homework yet?

2) 表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作和状态。通常和时间状语; before, recently, once,

twice, for ,since, yet连用。

I have known Li Lei for three years.

a.所用的动词通常是延续性动词. Work stand know walk keep have wait watch read sleep sing

live

b.如果是非延续动词，即终止性动词die arrive close become fall leave go lose , 用延续性动

词来换

若表示动作，状态持续时，用延续动词。

We have studied English for three years.

延续性动词一般不与表示点的时间状语连用

注意：不可以说It rained at eight yesterday morning.

可以说：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

终止性动词不能与表示一段的时间状语连用。

不可以说:The old man has died for three years

可以说：The old man died three years ago.

The old man has been dead for three years.

终止性动词变为延续性动词

Come ----be borrow----keep

Come to ----- be in/at open----be open

Go out-----be out join-----be a number of

Close----be closed leave----be away

Begin----be on die-----be dead

Stop-----be over catch a cold----have a cold

Buy----have get to know----know

基本结构; have/has+过去分词

3)记住句型:

(1) It has been/It’s +一段时间+since 从句（动词用过去式）

It has been/ It’s two years since his grandma died.

(2)时间段+has passed+since从句（动词用过去式）

Many years have passed since we knew each other. 我们已经认识很多年了。

不用过去完成时的情况：

1. 句中有yesterday, last year, two years ago等表示很确定的时间状语连用，谓语动词必须用

过去式。

练习题：

一、单项选择

1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、-Our country ______ a lot s o far .

-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study

Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice fi lm .I_______ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

9、-These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really? When _____ there?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

12、-Do you know him well ?

- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

13、-How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to

Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they

B. don't they

C. have they

D. haven't they

19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换

3、The old man _________ last year. He________________ for a year. (die) （动词填

空）

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)

Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

（1）侧重点不同：现在完成时是和现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的时态对现在的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去的时态，侧重于表示过去的

动作，与现在无关。

例如; Yesterday I went to the zoo.(仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关)

Li Lei has read the book.(说明李雷了解那本书的内容)

（2与现在完成时连接的时间状语有：already,just,ever,yet,never

Still, so far, in the past years, before, since, for引出的时间。而一般过

去时常与ago, yesterday, last year, in 1990,just now连用