文章翻译
Cool roofs: Many of the roofs across London are dark in colour and probably reach temperatures in excess of 50-60o C on hot sunny days. Consequently they will store and release a considerable amount of energy back into the atmosphere. High roof temperatures will accelerate the deterioration of roof materials and in buildings with poor roof insulation contribute to increased demand for cooling energy and a decrease in indoor thermal comfort on upper floors. In contrast cool roofs built from materials with high solar reflectance or albedo and high thermal emittance may reach temperatures considerably lower than their low reflectance counterparts. This is because they absorb and store less solar energy during the day and thus are not major emitters of heat into the urban atmosphere at night. Apart from their reduced contribution to the development of the nocturnal heat island, cool roofs have obvious benefits for the lifetime of roofs as excessive contraction and expansion is avoided through a damped daily temperature range and absorption of ultraviolet radiation is reduced. Also there will be gains in terms of indoor thermal comfort through the reduced transfer of heat through roofs to the upper floors of buildings and reduced demand for active cooling systems. To ensure the effectiveness of cool roofs as a climate management strategy their reflectivity must be maintained as this declines with roof age and roofs need to be kept clean, as dirt and pollution lower reflectivity.
冷屋顶：伦敦许多建筑的屋顶颜色很深，在温暖的天气里温度可能达到50-60摄氏度。因此这些屋顶会储存并释放相当大的能量到至大气中，并且较高的屋顶温度会加速屋顶材料的老化，建筑中老化的屋顶隔热材料会消耗更多的冷量并且降低楼上的室内热舒适性。相比之下，由较高太阳反射率或反照率和较高的热辐射材料建成的冷屋顶，可以达到一个相对于低反射率屋顶较低的温度。原因是它们在白天吸收并储存较少的太阳能，因此夜间不是大气的主要热辐射源。冷屋顶除了控制夜间的热岛效应外，它的寿命也更长，这是由于它对气温日较差的阻尼作用和对紫外线辐射吸收的减少，从而避免了过度的收缩和膨胀而造成的。同时冷屋顶减少了建筑物屋顶向上层房间传递的热量和空调系统的运行，因而会增加室内热舒适感。为了保证冷屋顶作为建筑气候控制策略的有效性，随着屋顶寿命的减少需要维持其反射特性，并且保持屋顶清洁，因为灰尘和污染物的反射率低。
Green Roofs: Like cool roofs, green roofs, which consist of a growing medium planted over a waterproof membrane, can have a marked impact on the climate of the upper floors of buildings and their immediate environs. On hot sunny days rooftop temperatures may be up to 20-40o C cooler than a conventional flat dark coloured roof. As well as the gains achieved in terms of climate through their cooling effect as a result of evapotranspiration, green roofs reduce rainwater runoff by absorbing and slowly releasing large amounts of water, act as insulators and reduce noise for upper floor occupants, increase urban biodiversity through providing habitat space for birds and small animals, increase urban aesthetics and contribute to quality of life. As the climate impacts of green roofs are likely to be greatest during prolonged periods of hot dry weather their efficacy as a microclimate management strategy will depend very much on the maintenance of a regular programme of watering and vegetation care. Once water becomes limited and vegetation health deteriorates their climate behaviour will approach that of a dry bare soil surface, which although not ideal will still maintain temperatures at a lower level than the more usual roofing mediums).
像冷屋顶一样，绿化屋顶由防水膜上培育的生长物质组成，可以影响上层房间及其周围气候。
在炎热的天气这种屋顶的气温可能比传统的平面深色屋顶低20-40℃。借助蒸腾作用的冷却效果，从气候方面来讲绿化屋顶也非常有效：绿化屋顶通过对大量水的吸收和缓慢释放减少雨水的流失，作为隔音材料从而减少上层住户的噪音，为鸟类和小型动物提供栖息空间从而增加城市生态多样性, 促进城市美化并提升生活质量。在长期的干热天气中绿化屋顶对气候的作用效果可能是最好的，其微气候控制策略的效能主要依赖于定期的浇灌和植被维护工作。一旦缺水或植物健康恶化，其气候调节能力就与干燥裸露的泥土表面一致，这虽然不理想，但仍然可以使温度保持在较普通材料制作的屋面更低的水平。
Planting Trees and Vegetation: ‘Urban Greening’ can be a cost effective way of ameliorating harsh urban climates at the individual building to neighbourhood scale. Trees and vegetation are good modifiers of climate, as they not only provide shade (surface peak temperature reductions of 5-20o C may be possible) but are natural cooling systems as they consume large amounts of available energy in the atmosphere through the process of evapotranspiration; the energy is used to convert water contained in the vegetation into water vapour which is transpired through leaves to the atmosphere. For some locations elsewhere it has been estimated that evapotranspiration can result in the reduction of peak summer temperatures by 1 – 5o C. If tree and vegetation planting is integrated with a well designed programme of roof greening the potential gains for human thermal comfort at the neighbourhood scale could be significant. In the case of London the cooling effect of expansive vegetated surfaces such as Richmond, Hyde and Regent’s Parks are clear. As with green roofs, additional benefits arising from urban trees are that they act as carbon stores, can reduce urban flooding through intercepting heavy rainfall, filter pollutants from the air and contribute to quality of life. In choosing the type of tree for urban greening care should be taken not to select trees that are major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as during warm weather these will enhance the formation of ozone.
种植树木和植被：从单体建筑到街区尺度，“城市绿化”是一种经济性的改善恶劣城市气候的方式。树木和植被是良好的气候调节者，它们不仅提供树荫（其地表温度可降低5-20 o C），而且是天然的空调系数，因为其蒸腾作用会消耗大气中大量的能量，用于使植物中的水分转化成水蒸气通过叶子蒸发到大气中。在某些地方已经证明蒸腾作用可以使夏季最高气温降低1-5o C，如果树木和植被种植能与设计良好屋顶绿化工程相结合，那么在街区尺度的人体热舒适潜在收益将是巨大的。在伦敦广阔的植被表面的冷却效果的案例中，如里士满市、海德、摄政公园，都是很成功的。树木是碳的仓库这使的城市树木有了更多好处，同时绿化屋顶通过蓄存大量的降雨可以降低城市发生洪水的几率，它们还过滤空气中的污染物，并提高生活的质量。选择城市绿化树种时要注意不能选择释放挥发性有机物的树种，在温暖的天气里，这些树种会增强臭氧的形成。
Cool Pavements: Like many of London’s roofs, the streets and to a lesser extent, the pavements of London are typified by dark sur faces. The installation of ‘cool pavements’ comprised of material with high solar reflectivity and good water permeability is potentially a very effective way of mitigating high urban temperatures through decreasing absorption of solar energy and
encouraging water storage in the urban surface and thus evaporative cooling. High albedo roads and pavements may also have benefits for nighttine street lighting. As yet little is known about the climate impacts of cool pavements at the street canyon to neighbourhood scale as research on pavement climate properties is still very much in its infancy. However demonstration projects in cities such as Phoenix Arizona have clearly shown the climate benefits of cool parking lots for example.For London, discernible climate impacts of cool pavements could be achieved for large parking areas, terminal facilities, airports, and urban roadways with large expanses of paved surfaces when re-surfacing or new surfacing is planned.
冷铺路面：像伦敦许多的屋顶一样，街道和小尺度的路面铺装使用典型的暗色冷铺装，它们由较高太阳反射率的材料组成，并且具有良好的透水性，所以它们对于减轻城市高温是非常有效的办法，它降低对太阳能的吸收和促进城市地表水的贮存因而易于蒸发冷却。高反照率的路面和铺装也会对夜晚城市的灯光有益处。至今没有人知道，作为路面气候特性研究，邻里尺度的街道胡同冷铺路面的气候影响研究还处于初期。无论如何，亚利桑那州凤凰城的示范工程已经清晰的显示了冷色地面停车位的气候益处。对于伦敦来说，在重建或新建大型铺装路面时，冷铺路面的气候影响可以应用于大型停车场、终端设备、机场和城市道路的建设中。
Sky view factor: In addition to the above local-to-neighbourhood scale interventions, which can be applied to existing or new urban development, are those concerned with urban morphology, or the arrangement of buildings and transport routes. An important determinant of the rate of release of heat from the urban environment at night and thus the rate of urban cooling is sky view. This describes the relative openness between buildings. A restricted sky view, as found for narrow streets and tall buildings, will prevent the free escape of heat emitted from street and building surfaces. This will contribute to the accumulation of heat within ‘street canyons’ and thus the elevation of air temperatures. In addition, if streets are oriented at an angle that is perpendicular to the prevailing wind, during intense urban heat island events this will reduce the chances of ventilation of the street canyon and removal of heat and pollutants that accumulate between buildings. For this reason new developments should optimise sky view and consider street orientation.
视角（天空可视）系数：除了上述邻里尺度的相互作用，可体现在现存和新兴城市发展影响中的，还有包括城市形态，以及建筑群和交通道路的布局。夜间城市环境放热速率即城市冷却速率的决定性因素是视角。它反映了建筑物之间的开阔性。有限的狭窄街道和高楼间的视角，会抑制街道和建筑表面放热向外的自由扩散。这就导致了“街道峡谷”中热量的堆积并因此造成空气温度升高。此外，如果街道朝向与风向垂直，在较强的城市热岛效应时，会减少该街道峡谷的通风，同时减少了堆积在建筑物间热量和污染物的排放。基于以上原因，城市新的发展应该优化视角并考虑街道的走向。
Heat wave detection and preparedness: In parallel with the application of engineering options for managing the urban heat island are plans to reduce the health risks of hot weather by setting out the practical actions that the public, health and social care professionals should take in the event of a heatwave. The national Heat Wave Plan published by the Department of Health has
been implemented locally and was triggered for the first time in July 2006. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Heat Wave Plan is currently underway, and the initial feedback indicates that it had a positive impact. The Philadelphia Heatwave Preparedness Plan (Box 1) is a good example of an integrated heat wave plan.
热浪监测与防备：在应对城市热岛效应时，在工程设备应用的同时应设法降低高温造成的健康危害，可以通过向公众展示其实际的影响，使健康专家和社会关怀者也参与到热浪事件中来。由卫生部发布的国家热浪规划已在国内生效，并在2006年七月首次执行。热浪规划的作用评估现在还在进行中，从最初的反馈看来其影响是正面的。费城的热浪防备规划（第一版）就是一个不错的整体热浪规划范例。
Natural greenery has the effect of providing shade and reducing heat absorption on an otherwise exposed concrete surface. Maximising landscaping in the estates will also help to mitigate urban heat island effect and create an environment conducive for the residents to rest and relax. In addition, the soft organic surface provided by the green helps to absorb environmental noise, as opposed to bare concrete surfaces which tend to reflect noise, thereby creating a cool and quiet environment within the precinct. The benefits of greenery have resulted in the generation of many ideas that enhance green at every space within a precinct, and cool the living environment naturally. Some of the initiatives introduced in the HDB estates include converting surface car parks to multi-storey car parks to free up more space for landscaping, and introducing high-rise greening through green roofs and green balconies. Provision of green roofs not only reduces the overall ambient temperature of the estates but also enhances the thermal comfort of the residents living in the units at the top-most storey. The HDB has introduced the Pre-fabricated Extensive Green (PEG) roof tray system, its own patented green roof system in which the system is modular, portable, lightweight and easy to install. The PEG roof tray system ensures no heavy construction work and easy installation at existing estates. The system not only performs well in Singapore’s tropical climate but it is also costeffective and requires very little maintenance. Rooftop greening for 10 existing multi-storey car parks through the use of PEG trays, with an estimated total area of 30,000 m2, has recently been carried out.
自然绿化覆盖于混凝土表面，以提供遮荫和减少热量吸收的效果。最大程度的景观美化将有助于控制城市热岛效应，并创造一个有利于居民休息和放松的环境。此外，不同于反射噪音的混凝土表面，绿色的柔软的有机表面有助于吸收环境噪音，从而营造一个凉爽、安静的区域。屋顶绿化所带来的益处衍生出很多的思考：应该在每一个空间区域内增强绿化、自然冷却居住环境。在城市建设区将地面停车场转化成多层停车场、高层屋顶绿化、绿色阳台绿化等举措的实施释放出更多的美化空间。屋顶绿化不仅降低了房屋的整体环境温度，也增强了顶层住宅居民的热舒适感受。建设局推出PEG屋顶系统，这种系统获得自己的专利，它具有模块化、便携、重量轻、易于安装的优点。PEG屋顶托盘系统安装简易，并适宜在现有屋顶安装。该系统不仅在新加坡这样的热带气候作用良好，而且成本效益低，不需要过多维护。PEG的托盘使用以来，现已有近30000平方米、10多层停车场的屋顶绿化投入使用。
英语小短文带翻译100字20篇
英语小短文带翻译100字20篇 1.A happy Day It was sunny and very hot today. I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast. Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room. After a short rest I did my homework in the morning. In the afternoon I went swimming in the nearest swimming pool with my friends. It was really cool to swim in such a hot day. I surfed the internet and read a storybook in the evening. I really had a busy and happy day. 今天天气晴朗比较热。我起得很早，帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。下午我和朋友去我家最近的游泳池游泳。在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很快乐。 2.给笔友的一封信 Dear Lucy I am very glad to hear from you. Now let me introduce myself to you. My name is Li Lei. I am eleven years old. I am tall with a pair of glasses. Now I am studying at Yuying Primary School. I am in Class One，Grade 5. I like singing and playing the piano very much. I am good at English and Chinese. 很高兴收到你的来信。现在让我介绍我自己。我叫李雷。11岁。我高个子、带眼镜。我在育英小学。我在五年级一班。我非常喜欢唱歌和弹钢琴。我数学和语文学得都很好。 3。暑假打算 I will have a busy summer vacation. I am going to do my homework every day . I am going to the library to borrow some books and go to the shops to buy some books.I am going to do sports such as playing table tennis, swimming and so on. I am going to visit my grandparents and stay there for a week. I am going to help my parents do some housework. 我暑假会很忙。我每天要写作业。我打算去图书馆去借书、去商店买书。我要做运动，如：打乒乓球、游泳等。我要去看爷爷奶奶并在那住一周。我要帮父母做家务。 4.自我介绍 Hello, everyone. My name is Kelly. I am friendly and honest.I am good at English and maths. I like surfing the internet,playing computer games, watching TV and traveling. I also like playing table tennis and I am good at it ,too. I often play table tennis with my friends on weekends. And I want to be a famous table tennis player when I grow up. What I like most is to see the seagulls flying freely in the sky so I often go to the sea in summer. My favourite colour is white because I think white is symbolize purity. 大家好我的名字叫KELLY .我很友好、诚实。我擅长英语和数学。我爱上网、玩电脑网络游戏、看电视和旅游。我也喜欢打乒乓球。我经常和朋友们在周末打乒乓球，长大了我想当一个乒乓球运动员。最喜欢在海边看着海鸥自由自在的飞翔，因此在夏天我经常去海边。白色是我的最爱。因为我觉得白色是纯洁的象征。 5.A nice Sunday It is Sunday and it is a fine day today. We come to the People Park with our English teacher who came from Canada. Look ! Tom and other five boys are playing
外文文献及翻译
外文文献及翻译 题目：利用固定化过氧化氢酶 回收纺织品漂染的废水 专业食品科学与工程 学生姓名梁金龙 班级B食品072 学号0710308119 指导教师郑清
利用固定化过氧化氢酶回收纺织品漂染的废水 Silgia A. Costa1, Tzanko Tzanov1, Filipa Carneiro1, Georg M. Gübitz2 &Artur Cavaco-Paulo1,? 1纺织工程系, 米尼奥大学, 4810吉马尔, 葡萄牙 2环境生物技术系, 格拉茨技术大学, 8010格拉茨, 奥地利 ?作者联系方式(Fax: +351 253 510293; E-mail: artur@det.uminho.pt) 关键词：过氧化氢酶的固定化，酶稳定，过氧化氢，纺织印染 摘要 过氧化氢酶固定在氧化铝载体上并用戊二醛交联，在再循环塔反应器和CSTR反应器中研究贮存稳定性，温度和pH值对酶的活性。固定化酶的在的活性维持在44％，pH值11（30?C），对照组是活性为90％，pH值7（80?C），过氧化氢酶固定化的半衰期时间被提高到2小时（pH12，60?C）。用过氧化氢漂白织物后，洗涤过程中的残留水被固定化酶处理，可以用于再次印染时，记录实验数据。 1 序言 由于新的法规的出台，从生态经济的角度来看（Dickinson1984年），对于纺织行业中存在的成本和剩余水域的污染问题，必须给予更多的关注。过氧化氢是一种漂白剂，广泛应用于工业纺织工艺（Spiro & Griffith1997年）。在去除H2O2时，会消耗大量的水和能源（Weck 1991, St?hr & Petry 1995），以避免对氧气敏感的染料（Jensen 2000）产生后续问题。过氧化氢酶可用于降低过氧化氢的含量（Vasudevan & Thakur 1994, Emerson et al. 1996），从而减少水分消耗或方便回收印染洗涤液。过氧化氢酶的使用主要问题出在漂白时温度和清洗液碱度过高。以前，我们试图通过筛选新的嗜热嗜碱的微生物（Paar et al. 2001）或使用不同的酶稳定剂（Costa et al. 2001）来解决此问题。但是染料与蛋白质之间的潜在相互作用（Tzanov et al. 2001a, b）表明，可溶性过氧化氢酶的使用是不恰当的。固定化过氧化氢酶的使用还有一种选择(Costa et al. 2001, Amar et al. 2000)。在这项研究中，我们对氧化铝进行共价固定并使用戊二醛作为交联剂，这种方法在商业中得到验证。本项研究的目的就是探讨过氧化氢酶的固定化动力学，及其稳定性和工艺条件，这将使我们能够应用此系统，以处理可能被用于清洗染色的反复使用的酒。 2 材料和方法 2.1 酶 Terminox（EC1.11.1.6），50L以上，由AQUITEX- Maia提供，葡萄牙产。 2.2 过氧化氢酶的固定化 取Al2O3颗粒或薄片（Aldrich），直径分别为3和7毫米，在45摄氏度下，先经浓度4%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(Sigma)烷基化，再放入丙酮中浸泡24小时。用蒸馏水洗涤硅烷化载体后，放入浓度为2％戊二醛水溶液中室温下浸泡2小时（Aldrich），重复清洗一次并在60?C下干燥1小时。取五克的烷基化载体，室温24?C下浸泡在25毫升粗酶制剂中（Costa et al. 2001）。得出，每克Al2O3
英语美文欣赏带翻译
Friends or 'Enemies?' When I was younger, my Dad used to tell me: "Boys don't want to be your friend." He then left the rest to my imagination. At the time, I didn't agree. I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person (but not in an annoying way). What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl? Turns out, my Dad was right. Not to be all "Samantha Brick" about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive. This of course is not a revolutionary concept. In fact, it seems pretty natural to me. Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual. But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9? Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to
英语短文中英文翻译
my friend and I are taking a , we are seeing a boy sit on the chair,he is crying,we go and ask him.“what’s the matter with you” he tell us“I can’t find my dog can you help me”.“yes,I can”.And we help him find his dong .oh it stay under the big tree! 今天我和我的朋友一起去散步。突然我们看见一个男孩坐在椅子上，他哭的很伤心。我们走过去问他：“你怎么了”。他告诉我们：“我的狗不见了，你们能帮我找到它吗”。“是的，我们能帮你找到你的狗”然后我们帮助他找到了他的狗，原来是它呆在一棵大树下。 day an old man siselling a big young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it old man goes up to him and says inhis ear,“Don't sa y anything about the elephant before I sell it,then i'll give you some money.”“All right,”says the young the old man slles the elephant,he gives the young man some money and says,“Now,can you tell me how you find the bad ears of theelephant?”“I don't find the bad ears,”says the young man.“Then why do you look at the elephant slowly?”asks the old young man answers,“Because I never see an elephant before,and I want to know what it looks like.” 一天，一个老的男人正在卖一头大象。一个年轻的男人走向大象然后开始慢慢看着它（大象），这个老的男人走向他对着他的耳朵说，“不要在我卖出它（大象）之前说关于它（大象）的事，然后我会给你一些钱。”“好的”，这个年轻的男人说。在这个老的男人卖出大象后，他给了年轻的男人一些钱并且说，“现在，你可以告诉我你是怎样知道大象的坏的耳朵了吧？”“我不知道坏的耳朵”，这个年轻的男人说。“然后为什么你慢慢的看着大象？”这个老的男人问。这个年轻的男人回答，“因为我在这之前从来没有见过大象，还有我想知道它（大象）是什么样子的。” 3.An old woman had a cat. The cat was very old; she could not run quickly, and she could not bite, because she was so old. One day the old cat saw a mouse; she jumped and caught the mouse. But she could not bite it; so the mouse got out of her mouth and ran away, because the cat could not bite it.? Then the old woman became very angry because the cat had not killed the mouse. She began to hit the cat. The cat said, "Do not hit your old servant. I have worked for you for many years, and I would work for you still, but I am too old. Do not be unkind to the old, but remember what good work the old did when they were young."? 一位老妇有只猫，这只猫很老，它跑不快了，也咬不了东西，因为它年纪太大了。一天，老猫发现一只老鼠，它跳过去抓这只老鼠，然而，它咬不住这只老鼠。因此，老鼠从它的嘴边溜掉了，因为老猫咬不了它。? 于是，老妇很生气，因为老猫没有把老鼠咬死。她开始打这只猫，猫说：“不要打你的老仆人，我已经为你服务了很多年，而且还愿意为你效劳，但是，我实在太老了，对年纪大的不
英文文献及中文翻译
毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Overview https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, is part of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Framework,and when coding https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, applications you have access to classes in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Framework.You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime(CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic and C#.These languages enable you to develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, applications that benefit from the common language runtime,type safety, inheritance,and so on. If you want to try https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html,,you can install Visual Web Developer Express using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer,which is a free tool that makes it simple to download,install,and service components of the Microsoft Web Platform.These components include Visual Web Developer Express,Internet Information Services (IIS),SQL Server Express,and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Framework.All of these are tools that you use to create https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Web applications.You can also use the Microsoft Web Platform Installer to install open-source https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, and PHP Web applications. Visual Web Developer Visual Web Developer is a full-featured development environment for creating https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Web applications.Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Web pages on your own computer.Visual Web Developer includes a local Web server that provides all the features you need to test and debug https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Web pages,without requiring Internet Information Services(IIS)to be installed. Visual Web Developer provides an ideal environment in which to build Web sites and then publish them to a hosting https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html,ing the development tools in Visual Web Developer,you can develop https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6e18110336.html, Web pages on your own computer.
英语文章及翻译
精心整理 Whatsportsandotheractivitiesdoyouparticipatein?Whatkindsoffoodsdoyoueat?Whatkindofpe opledoyouspendtimewith?Youranswerstotheseandsimilarquestionsreflectyourtotalhealth.He alth is acombinationofphysical,mental/emotional,andsocialwell-being.Thesepartsofyourhea lthworktogethertobuildgoodoverallhealth. 你参加过什么体育活动和其他活动吗？你吃什么食物？你和什么样的人在一起？你对这些问题或者类似的问题的回答反映出了你整体的健康状况。健康是身体、心里和社会安宁感的集合。这些健康的部分结合起来搭建了一个完整的健康体系。 通常，觉更好， t 身体须要远离有害的物质像烟草、酒精和其他毒品。他们用体育运动的时间去平衡他们看电视或玩电脑游戏的时间。体育运动包括做特殊的运动，远足，健身操，游泳，跳舞和做一份工作。通过远离有害物质和坚持体育运动，你可以保持身体健康。另外一种说法就是，要想身体健康就要多运动。 Doyoufeelgoodaboutwhoyouare?Doyouknowhowtohandlestressfulsituations?Doyouhaveapositiv eattitudeaboutlife?Youranswerstothesequestionswilltellyousomethingaboutyourmental/emo tionalhealth.Mental/emotionalhealthismeasuredbythewayyouthinkandexpressyourfeelings.Y oucandevelopgoodmental/emotionalhealthbylearningtothinkpositivelyandtoexpressyourfeel ingsinhealthyways.Positivethinkingisagoodstrategytousewhenyouarefeelingsadordown.Tryf ocusingyourattentiononallofthegoodthingsinyourlife,suchasyourfriends,family,andactivi tiesyouenjoy.Thenthecauseofyoursadnessmightnotseemsobad.Likewise,recognizingandbuildi
英语小短文(带翻译)
Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of what's next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young. 无论是60岁还是16岁，你需要保持永不衰竭的好奇心、永不熄灭的孩提般求知的渴望和的欢乐与热情。在你我的心底，有一座无线电台，它能在多长里接收到人间万物传递来的、、欢乐、鼓舞和力量的信息，你就会年轻多长时间。 An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. 应当像河流，开始是涓涓细流，受两岸的限制而十分狭窄，尔后奔腾咆哮，翻过危岩，飞越瀑布，河面渐渐开阔，河岸也随之向两边隐去，最后水流平缓，森森无际，汇入大海之中，个人就这样地消失了。 Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease.This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty.Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.We grow old by deserting our ideals. 意味着战胜懦弱的那股大丈夫气概和摈弃安逸的那种冒险精神。往往一个60岁的老者比一个20岁的青年更多一点这种劲头。人老不仅仅是岁月流逝所致，更主要的是不思进取的结果。 Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust. 光阴可以在颜面上留下印记，而热情之火的熄灭则在上刻下皱纹。烦恼、恐惧、会扭曲人的灵魂，并将青春化为灰烬。 爱情的世界很大也很小 The love world is big, which can hold hundreds of disappointments; the love world is small which is crowded even with three people inside. 原来的世界很大，大到可以装下上百种委屈； 原来爱情的世界很小，小到三个人就挤到窒息。 To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world. 对于世界而言，你是一个人；但是对于某个人，你是他的整个世界。 Don’t waste your time on a man/woman, who isn’t willing to waste their time on you. 不要为那些不愿在你身上花费的人而浪费你的时间。
翻译文章
How faithful is too faithful? -翻译要做到句简词精 摘要：翻译实践中要做到语言的流畅，离不开在对比中英语言文化差异后正确理解英文原句的意思，再通过适当的精简词句，使之符合汉语思维，不至于太过“忠实”于原文。本文列举了在翻译过程中易犯的几个禁忌及其分析如何做到句简词精。 翻译要做到简练畅达，有点文采，符合汉语规范，读起来朗朗上口，听起来入耳，这就是我们所说的句简词精的意思。要做得到这一点，应该注意翻译文字上的三忌：一忌啰嗦话，二忌学生腔，三忌洋腔洋调。 1.忌啰唆话 啰唆话，或是用词啰唆费解，或是句子晦涩难懂。读者看了它，琢磨半天,还是摸不到恰切意思。依着可能会便捷说：“原文就是如此。”就算原文如此，你是依着，能不能帮助读者“消化一下”一下，整理整理，用简洁而明白的中文译出来呢？多动动闹见，也许就能得到比较理想的译文： 例1 He denounced that document for its shortcomings, pronouncing it to be a farrago of unadulterated humbug. ×他指责这个文件的缺点，称它为纯粹挂羊头卖狗肉的烂摊子。 他指责这个文件的缺点，称它为十足的谎言大杂烩。 farrago,杂烩,混杂物；unadulterated，十足的，纯粹的；hunbug,欺骗，用来骗人的东西。这三个词结合提来用，译成“十足的谎言大杂烩”，并不违背原文意思，读者一看就懂。 例2 I surprise the company by refusing to drink the dark red beverage poured out of a fat-bellied bottle neatly dressed in a tight-fitting straw jacket. ×当我拒绝喝从一个密封草套精致地装饰着的大肚子瓶子里到处老的深红色饮料时，大家吃了一惊。 我拒绝饮用一种深红色饮料，这使大家吃了一惊；这种饮料是从一只外面用精致的草套裹得很紧的大肚瓶子里倒出来的。 这一句话若不拆开，将使人念得喘不过气，而且要看几遍才能弄明白意思。第一种依法后半句还嫌太长，也许再拆一下更好。
英文文献及其翻译
步进电机的知识 什么是步进电机： 步进电机是一种把电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。通俗的说：当驱动程序收到一个步进脉冲信号，将驱动步进电机轴旋转一个固定的角度（步进角）。您可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移，从而达到准确定位的目的;同时，你可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机的旋转速度和加速度，实现速度控制的目的。 步进电机的种类： 步进电机分为三种：永磁式（PM），反应式（VR）和混合式（HR）永磁式步进电机一般为两相，转矩和体积较小，步进角一步7.5度或15度;反应式一般有三相可以实现大转矩输出，步进角一般是1.5度，但噪声和振动大。在欧洲和美洲80个国家已被淘汰;混合式步进是混合了永磁式和反应的优势。它由两相和五相：一般两相的步距角是1.8度，而的五相步距角为0.72度。是使用最广泛的的步进电机。 步进电机允许的最高表面温度 步进电机温度过高首先会的磁性材料退磁，导致转矩降低甚至失步，电机表面温度允许的最大值取决于的磁性材料退磁点;一般来说，磁性材料退磁点在摄氏130度以上有些材料甚至高达摄氏200度高，所以步进电机表面温度在摄氏80-90度是正常的。 步进电机精度为多少？是否累积 一般步进电机的精度为步进角的3-5%，且不累积 如何确定步进电机驱动器直流电源 A.电压确定 混合式步进电机驱动器的电源电压范围较广（比如IM483的供电电压12?48VDC），电源电压通常根据电机的转速和响应要求来选择。如果要求较快的运行速度较高的响应速度就选用较高的电压，但注意电源电压的峰值不能超过驱动器的最大输入电压，否则可能会损坏驱动器。 B.电流确定 电源电流一般根据输出相电流I来确定。如果采用线性电源，电源电流一般可取I的1.1?1.3倍;如果采用开关电源，电源电流一般可取I的1.5?2.0倍。 步进电机的主要特性 在步进电机关机时要确保没有脉冲信号，当电机运行时 如果加入适当的脉冲信号，它会转过一定的角度（称为步距角是）。转速与脉冲频率成正比。 2龙式步进电机步距角7.5度，旋转360度，需要48个脉冲来完成。 3步进电机具有快速启动和停止的优良特性。 4只要改变脉冲，可以很容易地改变电机轴旋转的方向。 因此，目前的打印机，绘图仪，机器人设备以步进电机作为动力核心。 步进电机控制的例子 我们以四相单极步进电机为例： 四个相绕组引出四个相和两个公共线（连接到正极）。一相接地。会被激发，。我们使用四相八拍控制，即第1阶段第2阶段交替反过来，会提高分辨率。步距角0.9°，可以转移到控制电机励磁是为了转移如下： 如果电机反转的要求，传输的激励信号可以逆转的。2控制方案 控制系统框图如下
简单英语短文带翻译阅读
简单英语短文带翻译阅读 英语作为一门国际通用语,在21世纪已经向着多元化、多功能化的方向发展。小编整理了简单英语短文带翻译，欢迎阅读!简单英语短文带翻译篇一 What is the purpose of study, most students will tell you that they want to find their own value and survive in the society. Reading books will also help people gain knowledge and fulfill their value, but in my opinion, the value of reading books not only contains what has mentioned above, but also contains the happiness from the mind. When people read the good books, they will be immerged into the books and find themselves being part of the story. They can gain a lot from the books, learning how to face the problems or what kind of person they should be. Good books are like the teachers, they show people how to fulfill their value and lead people to the success. People should choose the good books to read, those books which are worthless should be neglected. The value of books is infinite. 学习的目的是什么，大部分学生会告诉你他们想要找到自己的价值，在这社会上生存。读书也能帮助人们收获知识和实现他们的价值，但是在我看来，读书的价值不仅仅包含了前面提到的，也包含了收获思想上的愉悦。当人们读到好书时，他们会沉浸在书中，发现自己成为书中的一部分。他们也能从书本学到很多，学着如何面对问题，或者他们应该成为怎样的人。好的书就像老师，展示人们如何实现他们的价值，引导人们走向成功。人们选择好的书来读，那些没有价值的书尽量少读。书本的价值是无穷的。简单英语短文带翻译篇二被忽略的东西The Things Are Neglected In our life, we will be nice to other people, while when facing our parents, we are impatient and even argue with them. People always think their parents don’t understand them and refuse to talk to them, they show the worse temper in the ones who love them and will never leave them, but they show their kindest fact to the strangers. It is a sad thing, the reason that people show their badness to the dearest lies in that people just get used to the presentation of their relatives, they know in their hearts that their parents won’t leave them, no matter what they do. Our relatives will never leave us, they take care us all the time, they are the dearest persons in the world. People neglect it, so we should be nice to our parents, love them and communicate with them. 在我们的生活中，我们会对别人很友好，然而在面对我们的父母时，我们会没有耐心，甚至和他们争吵。人们总是认为他们的父母不理解他们，并且拒绝和父母交流，他们在爱他，并且不会离开他的人面前展现出最坏的脾气，他们却把最善意的脸留给了陌生人。这是多么可悲的事情啊，人们在最亲爱的人面前展示出自己不好的一面的原因在于他们已经习惯了亲人的存在，在他们内心深处，他们知道父母不会离开他们，无论他们做了什么。我们的亲人永远都不会离开我们，他们总是照顾着我们，他们是这个世界上最亲近的人。人们忽略了这一点，因此我们应该对父母友好点，爱护他们，并且和他们交流。简单英语短文带翻译篇三 In our parents’generation, there are less people have the eyesight problem, because the digital products were not so developed at that time, but nowadays, with the development of these products, more and more people have the problem of short eyesight. When I look around my classmates, I find only have few student don’t wear glass. People’s bad reading behavior makes their eyesight weaker, they can do the right things to correct it. First, we should not read in the dark situation. Many students like to read in the dark before they go to bed, it hurts the eye so much. Second, we should not stare at the book or the TV and computer in a long time, we need to take a rest every 40minutes, looking at the distance or the green color will ease our eyes. Eyes are