当前位置：文档库 › 专八口译2008-12试题原题

专八口译2008-12试题原题

2008年12月考题

Task One: Interpreting form English into Chinese

Farewell Speech by a Visiting American Scientist Good evening. I’m honored to be here tonight and I’ve enjoyed my stay here at your university. I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for your hospitality, friendship, and support.

These past few weeks have been rewarding and enlightening. I believe that the research we have conducted as part of this project will prove important to our field, both here in china and in the US. By furthering our cooperation on the international level, we re creating new opportunities at the national and local levels as well.

Throughout my stay here I have been impressed by the way we have come together as a team. Despite our different backgrounds, we have been able to work together and learn from each other. By working closely with my colleagues from C hina and Canada, I’ve come to realize how important it is to understand and learn from different perspectives. Diversity adds rather than detracts.

I’ve also b een impressed by how much work we have gotten done and how efficient we have been. In only a short time, we have been able to discuss and partially solve some of the most difficult problems I have faced in my career as a scientist. Without the expertise of our Chinese and Canadian fellow researchers, my American colleagues and I would never have been able to get this far.

Finally, I would like to thank all of your again and express my wish that you will give us the opportunity to be your hosts when you visi t us in Texas. I’m happy to be able to announce, on behalf of my university, that we have received a grant of about $158,000 US dollars that allows us to organize a six-week research session in Dallas, Texas, next summer. The grant allows us to invite all of the participants in this program, along with a European delegation, to take part in the research session. Formal invitations will be mailed next month.

Thank you for a wonderful and productive session, and I hope to see you in Dallas next year! (344 words)

1.I believe that the research we have conducted as part of this project will prove

important to our field, both here in china and in the US.

2.By working closely with my colleagues from China and Canada, I’ve come to

realize how important it is to understand and learn from different perspectives.

Diversity adds rather than detracts.

3.Without the expertise of our Chinese and Canadian fellow researchers, my

American colleagues and I would never have been able to get this far.

4.I’m happy to be able to announce,on behalf of my university, that we have

received a grant of about $158,000 US dollars that allows us to organize a six-week research session in Dallas, Texas, next summer.

5.The grant allows us to invite all of the participants in this program, along with a

European delegation, to take part in the research session. Formal invitations will be mailed next month.

Task Two: Interpreting from Chinese into English

联想集团总裁关于更换品牌标识的讲话

各位记者朋友、各位来宾：

大家好！

今天是一个值得联想人永远铭记的日子，我非常高兴和大家一起见证联想品牌新标识的诞生！

品牌标识的更换，将是本公司发展历史上一个具有战略意义的里程碑。从1984年公司创立到1990年，第一代员工用诚信和实实在在的行动为我们品牌建设打下了坚实的基础。从1990年到2000年的第二个阶段里，我们成功地创立并打响了联想自主产品这个品牌。

国际化是我们下一步战略规划的重点。然而，要国际化，首先需要一个可以在世界上畅通无阻的、受人喜爱的英文标识，但我们一直沿用的LEGEND这个英文标识在很多国家已经被注册。为未来公司业务拓展做好先行部署是我们更换品牌标识的直接原因。

同时，通过更换品牌标识来进一步梳理并明确我们的品牌内涵，也是我们公司发展的必然要求。2001年开始，我们将“高科技的、服务的、国际化的联想”明确定为公司未来目标。我们需要思考如何进一步清晰并发展联想的品牌内涵，使它更好地与我们公司战略相结合。

尊敬的各位朋友，过去我们不畏艰辛打造了联想LEGEND，为我们留下了无数美好的记忆和辉煌。今天，新标识联想LENOVO即将启航，它寄托着我们在21世纪的巍巍宏图。我们立志将以坚定不移的决心，打造一个属于中国人的国际品牌，为中国民族企业争光！（502字）

1.品牌标识的更换，将是本公司发展历史上一个具有战略意义的里程碑。

2.从1984年公司创立到1990年，第一代员工用诚信和实实在在的行动为我们

品牌建设打下了坚实的基础。

3.然而，要国际化，首先需要一个可以在世界上畅通无阻的、受人喜爱的英文

标识，但我们一直沿用的LEGEND这个英文标识在很多国家已经被注册。4.同时，通过更换品牌标识来进一步梳理并明确我们的品牌内涵，也是我们公

司发展的必然要求。

5.我们立志将以坚定不移的决心，打造一个属于中国人的国际品牌，为中国民

族企业争光！

Task Three: Making a comment on a given topic

Low Salaries for College Graduates

In recent years, with competition in the job market getting more and more intense, college graduates are lowering their salary expectations in order to gain employment opportunities. Statistics show that one third of graduates are willing to accept a salary of about 1,000 yuan RMB per month if they cannot find better jobs while two-thirds are not. Do you think college graduates should take low-paying jobs when satisfactory jobs are not available? Why or why not?

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析 About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____ pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____ University. The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____ within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____ families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____ the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____

专八改错真题与答案

2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试卷 2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错 When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had been given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context.“Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。 that much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? My friend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her expression that I had not got the word quite right. Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English. So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap.1.______ 2. ______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 2014 改错 There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______ l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language? l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages? l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages? From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiritionalg ” an addi language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are

13年专八翻译真题

13年专八翻译真题 C-E：生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 2013年英语专八考试汉译英部分答案（周玉亮版） Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There is a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.

专八汉译英十篇

1暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。如果走近了, 你会发现它们洁白的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。 2都市寸土千金，地价炒得越来越高，今后将更高。拥有一个小小花园的希望，对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望，一种梦想。我想，其实谁都有一个小小花园，这便是我们的内心世界。人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界也是需要开发的。人和动物的区别，除了众所周知的诸多方面，恐怕还在于人有内心世界。心不过是人的一个重要脏器，而内心世界是一种景观，它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的渐损，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日。但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴。 3手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。 4朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的，容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。朋友之间，情趣相投、脾气对味则合、则交；反之，则离、则绝。朋友之间再熟悉、再亲密，也不能随便过头、不恭不敬。不然，默契和平衡将被打破，友好关系将不复存在。每个人都希望拥有自己的私密空间，朋友之间过于随便，就容易侵入这片禁区，从而引起冲突，造成隔阂。待友不敬，或者只是一件小事，却可能已埋下了破坏性的种子。维持朋友亲密关系的最好办法是往来有节，互不干涉。 5大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和载花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。 6得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，

2014英语专业八级真题及答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014) GRADE EIGHT PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. How to Reduce Stress Life is full of things that cause us sress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it. I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction i.e.force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reaction i.e. response to (2) on someone e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) , or muscle tension II. (4) , A. positive stress where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) B. negative stress where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend?s death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recoginition of stress signals —monitor for (6) of stress —find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand —effect of (7) C. planning and acting appropriately —reason for planning —(8) of planning D. learning to (9) —e.g. dlay caused by traffic E. pacing activities —manageable task —(10) SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.

英语专八改错模拟题(7)

英语专八改错模拟题(7) Home, sweet home" is a phrase that express an essential attitude in the United States. Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet, the cherished ideal of home _____1 has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of American West, was to find a piece of place, build a house _____2 for one’s family, and started a farm. These small households were _____3 portraits of independence: the entire family- mother, father, children,even grandparents-live in a small house and working together to ___4 support each other. Anyone understood the life-and-death importance _____5 of family cooperation and hard work. Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership _____6 is just as strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. When U.S soldiers came home before World WarⅡ, for example, _____7 they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there was _____8 a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typically in the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied _____9 a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of their way of life._____10 1. 将 no 改为 not 2. 将 place 改为 land

2012年英语专八翻译题目以及答案

2012年英语专八翻译题目一、英译汉： A.原文： But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. B.译文：然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。二、汉译英： A.原文：痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 B. 译文： Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. “Just leave it here”, she told herself, “This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center”. The child was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. C. 原文出处：台湾作家蔡素芬《烛光盛宴》原文赏析：

英语专八真题与答案

QUESTION BOOKLET TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2017) -GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices. Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview. 1. A. Comprehensive. B. Disheartening. C. Encouraging. D. Optimistic. 2. A. 200. B. 70. C. 10. D. 500. 试卷用后随即销毁。严禁保留、出版或复印。

英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新部分详解文字答案校对版

1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版） 2017年改错真题 The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another. The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs to be equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________ what will make one a happy and successful social being. In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledge the fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time. They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________ in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constant in life is change, th e more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______ towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions and the more their social popularity. The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can find plenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conduct workshops and seminars based on communication skills of men and women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing in trainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________ help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations. Today effective communication skills have become a predominant factor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates, most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with. They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes the representing face of the company. There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitate better communication skills in the workplace, but also look into the problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______ 2016年改错真题 All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________ for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences, language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________

十年专八翻译真题附答案

2013汉译英生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。Life is like a cup of wine；people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. 将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。Hold in the hand and gaze at it，the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood，which is the impress of life.抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste，the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life，which is complicated and blurred. 喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。Once the sip is swallowed，the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind，leaving a person lifelong benefit. 红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine：the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows，just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. 当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 When life comes to twilight years，it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity，just like a bottle of wine to be savored. 英译汉联合国代表大会，中心政治论坛，由193个成员国组成，几乎包括世界上所有国家，其中三分之二的国家为发展中国家，占世界总人口的四分之三。通过决议非常困难，尤其是所有惯例决出的协议必须达成一致才能通过。结果就是，重要的协议总是被狭隘的特殊利益所挟持，并且大部分协议都只是用来使自己的利益最大化。但真正的问题是世界上主要国.是否愿意看到民主最大限度地开展。联合国安理会，负责和平和安全，处理最重要的政治问题。安理会只有15个成员国，所以能经常性地应付危机。它曾一度由于冷战对立而停摆，但已经重新获得了联合国宪章给予的权利。 2012汉译英痛苦纠聚心中，眉心发烫发热，胸口郁闷难展，胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发育迟缓时，她更是心头无绪。她在孩子所待的房里来回踱步，这房里还有其他小孩。整个房间只有一扇窗，窗外树影婆娑。就让孩子留下来吧，这里有善心的神父和修女，这里将来会扩充为有医疗作用的看护中心，这是留住孩子最好的地方。这孩子是她的秘密，她将秘密留在这树林掩映的建筑里。 Tortured by the pains gathering in her heart, she felt something was burning between her eyebrows. Her chest was brimmed with depression which was likely to run out of her throat at any moment. She could not think clearly any longer when the headmaster told her that the child suffered from developmental retardation. She strode up and down in the room where her child stayed with other pals. There was only one window in the room, out of which some shady trees were whispering. ―Just leave it here‖, she told herself, ―This is the best choice by far, for there are kind priests and nuns in this place which may also be renovated into a Medicare center‖. The chi ld was her secret which would be kept in the buildings behind the woods. 英译汉But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers(夜总会，就把等保安人员)（not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses）now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behavior their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband(违禁品) confiscated, the price of street drugs has skyrocketed to a point where cheap alternatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace. 然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。一些大学生先前在夜总会的酒吧买醉，处于保安人员严密的监控之下(酒吧老板们为了保住自己卖酒的牌照也不会允许过激的事情发生)。现在，大学生们躲到他们互助会会所和公寓中酗酒,对自己饮酒的数量或行为都不再控制。政府在打击非法毒品方面采取的措施同样适得其反。近年来,联邦政府已经有效地抑制了街头毒品买卖。警方捣毁了很多毒品种植地，没收了违禁品，导致毒品的价格暴涨，那些便宜的替代品因此也有了竞争力。糟糕的是，那些便宜的替换品带来的危害甚至比他们所替代的毒品更大。 2011：汉译英原文现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。而最让现代人感到尴尬的是，面对重重矛