英语近义词大全
英语复习重要的动词近义词：
1 abandon, desert, quit
1) abandon 的确切含义是失去控制，丧失了占有的能力或“放弃”某物，强调“完全，永远的遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物，如：she abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子。
2) desert 表示抛弃自己的天职或应尽的义务，所指的不是把物扔掉，而是人走掉。Desert 的含义是“过去占有过”或“过去是伙伴”。狭义上讲，这个词指“抛弃自己的义务”，强调违背誓言，命令，责任，义务等。如：d esert one’s country 叛国；a deserted village 空无一人的村庄；the deserted wife and children 被遗弃的妻子儿女
3) quit 强调“突然弃去”，常指“停止”。如：she quitted her job. 她放弃了自己的工作。
2 able, can
1) able 可与情态动词（can除外）或助动词连用，而can则不能：
例如：will you be able to come here tomorrow? He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own.
2) able 接不定式是，只能接肯定的，主动的不定式，不能接被动的不定式。需要时可以由can代替:
例如：His voice was not able to be heard. (WRONG) His voice couldn’t be heard. (RIGHT)
3) 表示过去某个时间的能力时，不可用could, 应使用was (were) able to .
3 bring, take, carry, fetch ,get
1) bring 意为“带来”，方向是朝着说话人所在之处的，但有时bring表示的方向是朝着说话人所在之处的，但有时bring表示的方向也可以是朝向说话人曾经待过或将要去的地方；而take意为“带走”即将东西从说话者处拿走。
2) carry意为随身携带，方向不定。它还可以表示“运载（客，货物）”
3) fetch意为“去拿来”，指到别处去取东西或找人然后带回来，由于fetch已含去某处之意，故不再和go连用。Get 和fetch基本意同，但主要用于口语中。Get 如与表示方向的词语连用，其方向随之变化
4) fetch和bring 均含“到某处去拿来”之意，但fetch含有“专程去做”之意，bring则无此含义。如果距离较远时，一般用fetch。
4 dress, be dressed, be in, have on, put on, wear
1) dress vt. 指穿衣服的动作：例如：The mother dressed the baby and took her to the park.
2) be dressed in 穿着，指状态：例如：She is always dressed in the red dress.
3) be in 穿着，指状态：例如：The boy in sports suit is his brother.
4) have on 穿着，指状态；例如：He has on a green overcoat today.
5) put on 穿上，指穿衣服的动作：例如：It’s raining now. Put on your raincoat.
6) wear v. 穿着，指状态。还可指戴眼镜，手套，手表，首饰等。例如：She is wearing his necklace.
5 drill, practice, train, exercise
1.)drill指反复机械地操练。例如：They are having a fire drill.
2) practice指不断地反复实践：例如：It takes a lot of practice to become a good swimmer.
3) train指针对某种目标得培训：例如：The soldiers got trained before they entered Macao.
4) exercise指锻炼身体或心智得练习：例如：You should exercise more instead of constantly at home.
6 drink,have,take
1) drink指喝酒，茶，水，牛奶，汤等饮料。
2) have在口语中常用来代替take和drink
3) take用于饮茶，吃药，喝汤等。
7 divide，separate
1) divide指把整体自然的或有计划的分成几个部分：例如：The teacher divided the class into four groups.
2) separate指把原本各自独立但混在一起的东西分开: 例如：How can we separate oil from water?
8 die of, die from
1) die of侧重于“因内部原因而死亡“
例如die of cold/a fever/age/feeling
2) die from 侧重于“因外部原因而死亡“，但die of/from 都可接具体得表示疾病的名称
例如die from a wound/an accident/drinking
9 desire，wish，want
1) desire属正式用语，可代替wish和want,强调主观愿望得热切性，含有强烈希望做某事得意思。
例如：He got the book he desired.
2) wish的语气比desire弱，一般用于难以实现或不可能实现的愿望，强调主观愿望，指希望，愿望，想
例如：I wish I could have a new cat.
3) want多用于口语式普通场合，指想要或需要，表示“较弱的偏爱，选择“或”强烈的需要，热爱“
例如：I want a book: 我要一本书
10 attend ,take part in
1) attend主要指出席这一动作，强调听或看
2) take part in指参加某项活动，并在其中起作用，
例如：He attended the play. 他看过这部剧目。He took part in the play. 他演过这部剧目。
11 delay, postpone, put off
1) delay指“暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行
例如：The steamer is delayed by bad weather.
2) postpone是正式用语，语义较强，指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”，在大多数情况下，后面说明改在何时进行
例如：The meeting has been postponed to Friday
3) put off与postpone大致同义，但较口语化
例如：Let’s put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再说吧。
12 depend, rely
1) depend表示相信某人或某物能给予或提供所需要或盼望的帮助或支持。
例如：His family depend on him.
2) rely表示相信某人或某物会像人们所希望或期待得那样去做或给予所希望得到的东西：
例如：Can we rely upon your help? You can’t rely on the weather here.
13 rise, arise, raise, arouse
1) arise表示“出现，发生”相当于happen, appear,而rise 无此义；表示“升起”，可与rise互换。
2) rise “升起”还可表示“站起，上涨”
3) raise则是及物动词，举起，扶起，提高
4) arouse是及物动词，引起，唤醒。
14 defeat, beat,win
1) defeat“击败”，战败，指在竞争或斗争中打败对方，但不一定是最后得胜利，一般地指（希望，计划等）受挫或失败：
例如：They are always defeated but never beaten. Black was defeated in the election.
2) beat击败，打败，通常指在各种比赛中击败对手
例如：We beat them by 3 points.
3) win 获胜，赢得，指在赛场上或战争中获胜，或在竞赛中获奖例如：We won the football game yesterday. Two boys won the prize in the competition.
15 ruin, damage, destroy
1) ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏
2) damage一般是部分损坏
3) destroy指彻底的毁坏，摧毁
16 s ow；plant；grow
1) sow意为“播、撒、播种、种”，其后跟（the）seeds 或“植物（结成种状的）”。
例如：It’s time to sow wheat now . Don’t sow the seeds of hatred．
2) plant意为“栽、插、移植”，其后跟作物（多为苗状的）。
例如：He plants rice fastest in the village．The garden was planted with Chinese roses．
3) grow作及物动词时，意为“种植、培植”，后接宾语（不表明种状还是苗状，强调种植后的栽培及管理过程）；作不及物动词时，意为“生长、发育”；作系动词时，意为“变得”。
例如: They can only grow potatoes in the fields It grows up straight and thin．
17 fight about, fight for, fight against, fight with
1) fight about “因……而打架（仗）”，后接打架（仗）的原因：
例如：No one knew what they fought about.
2) fight for “为……而战”，后接打仗、战斗的目的：
例如：The African people are fighting for their independence.
3) fight against “和……作战，和……斗争”，后接斗争的对象
例如：The soldiers were fighting against the flood in spite of the terrible weather.
4) fight with “和……作战（斗争）”，与fight against同义，也可作“和……一起战斗”之意，要根据上下文判断清楚
例如：Great Britain fought with (=on the side of) France against Germany.
18 provide, offer
1) provide 表示“供应，提供；预防”等，是供应者与被供应者之间一种相对固定的关系，具有客观性。
例如：Sheep provide wool.
The school provide tents, but we must bring our own food.
2) offer 表示“提供；建议；出价”等义，常表示提供者一种较主动的态度。
例如：He offered to help us。She offered him the computer for $1000.
19 fear, dread, fright, dismay, panic, terror, alarm
Fear有两个含义，“怕”或“担心”。
Dread总表示由经验而感知的“怕”。如汉语中“一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳”，在英语中有与此意义相当的“A burnt child dreads fire.”的俗语。
Fright强调由于受到骤然的震惊而表现出的“惊怕”。Dismay表示由于某种危险已经逼近而产生的“沮丧”或“惊愕”。
Panic强调难以抑制的“惧怕”，而且常常是某种无根据的或者无道理的惧怕。
Terror表示由经验而感知的极为强烈的“恐惧”。Alarm指由于危险突然出现而产生的惊慌和恐惧。
20 prepare；prepare for；prepare…for；be prepared for；be（get）ready
1) prepare sth．意为“准备某事”强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；另有“配置、调制”之意。
2) prepare for意为“为……作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
3) prepare sth．for意为“为……做好准备”。
4) be prepared for强调准备好的状态。
5) be（get）ready意为“准备好”，着重指准备的结果。be（get）ready to do还有“乐于干……”的意思。
21 notice, take notice of, take no notice of
Notice为“无意注意”。
例如：He suddenly noticed that a snake was under the tree.
Take notice of表示“有意注意”。
例如：Take notice of the snake under the tree.
3）Take no notice of意思是“不理睬”。
例如：He took no notice of what I said.
22 spend，take，pay
1) spend“花费”常用于Sb．spend（s）some money （time）on sth．或Sb．spend（s）some money（time）（in）doing sth．其主语一般是人。
例如：He spent 20 yuan on the pen．
I spent a week（in）finishing reading the book．
2) take常用于占用或花费“时间”，其句型为：Sth．takes sb．time 或It takes sb．time to do sth．例如：The work will take us two hours．It took me three days to travel to Beijing．
3) pay“付款、给……报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。pay常用于以下几种句型：①Sb．pay（s）sb．money意为“某人付款给另一个人或某人给另一个人多少报酬”。
例如：He pays me fifty yuan a week．
②pay for sth．意为“付……款、给……报酬”。
例如：He has paid for the meal．
③pay money for sth．意为“花多少钱买某物”。
例如：My father paid 40 pounds for the desk．
23 add; add to; add…to; add up to
1) add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。
例如：If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．After a short while, he added that he would try his best．2) add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。
例如：The bad weather added to our difficulties．
3) add．．．to意为“把……加到……”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。
例如：Add two to seven, and you will get nine．
4) add up to意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。
例如：All his school education added up to no more than one year．
24 agree on；agree to；agree with；agree that
1) agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。
例如：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．
2) agree to有两层含义和用法：
A 其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。
例如：My father agreed to buy a new pen for me．
B 其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。
例如：They have a greed to our plan．
3) agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。
例如：He agreed with my opinions．
We agreed with what he said at the meeting．
4) agree that作“认为……”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：
I agree that your composition is very good．我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。
25 allow；let
二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重：
1) allow重在“允许”或“容许”，也可表示客气的请求。例如：He allowed me to take his dictionary．
Will you allow me to use your bike？
2) let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow 互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow 则相反。
例如：Please let me walk with you（＝Please allow me to walk with you．）
注：allow常用于allow sb．to do sth．或allow doing sth．结构中。
26 argue debate dispute
都含“辩论”的意思。
1) argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”,
例如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
2) debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思,
例如:We have been debating about the issue.
3) dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,
例如:Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.
27 argue；quarrel；discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。
1) argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。
例如：We heard them arguing in the other room．
另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。
例如：We argued with them about this problem for a long time．
2) quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。
例如：He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．
3) discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．
28 attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻击"的意思。1) attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人",
例如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.
2) assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击",
例如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 3) assault 语气比assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 例如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn.
4) charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击",
例如:The cavalry charged to the front.
5) beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击,
例如：In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.
29 believe；believe in
1) believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。例如：I believe what he says．I believe that he will succeed．
2) believe in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰”（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”
例如：They believe in God．I believe in having plenty of exercise．
3) believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。
试比较：I believe in him（I think he is a frustworthy man）．我信任他。
I believe him．（I believe what he says）．我相信他的话。
30 be known as；be known for；be known to；be known in
1) be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。
例如：Liu Huan is known as a singer．
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．
2) be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。
例如：Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day．
3) be known to “为……所了解／知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。
例如：He is known to all in our village．
He was known to have invented many things．＝It was known that he had invented many things．
4) be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。
例如：He is well-known in the town where he was born．
31 be made of／be made in／be made from／be made by／be made up of
1) be made of表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。
2) be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。
3) be made from表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。
4) be made by表示“由……制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。
5) be made up of表示“由……构成（组成）”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。
32 blame; scold
1) blame“责备；责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责（常与for连用），或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人（常与on或upon连用），往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。
例如：He blamed Tom for the failure．Don't blame it on him, but on me．
2) scold“责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。
例如：Don't scold the child．It's not his fault．
I hate to scold, son, but you mustn't stay out so late at night．
33 break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through
1) break up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。
2) break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。
3) break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。
4) break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断（谈话、讨论）”“突然……起来”。
5) break in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。
6) break away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“革除”、“戒除”，常与from连用。
7) break through表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过……而出现”、“突破”。34 bring on；bring in；bring out
1) bring on 使发生；引起；端上（饭菜）。
如：Tom often brings on meals and his brother，Jim picks up the dishes after meals．
The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again．2) bring in 引来；引进；吸收。
例如：His new business brings in 1，000 dollars．We also brought in some words from English．
3) bring out 取出；说出；阐明；出版。
例如：He brought out his gun and pointed at me．Bring out the meaning more clearly．
They have brought out a set of children’s books．
35 catch sb．doing sth；be (get) caught in sth．
1) catch sb．doing sth．作“碰（遇）上某人正在做某事”解。
例如：The policeman caught two men fighting in the street．
The man was caught stealing the apples．
2) be (get) caught in sth．“遇上……而受阻”之意。
例如：I got caught in the traffic
I was caught in a storm on my way to school．
36 care about; care for; care; care to
1) care about“关心；计较；在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。
例如：He doesn't care about his clothes．I don't care about going there．
2) care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。
例如：Who will care for your children when you are away﹖
Would you care for a walk?
He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else．
3) care还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。
例如：I don't care who you are．I don't care what you say
4) care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。
例如：I don’t care to go there．我不愿意去那里。
37 carry off; carry away; carry out, carry on
1) 表示“运走”；“掠走”，用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处：carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏；carry away可表示“吸引住”。
例如：After destroying the village, the enemy carried off ／away all the cattle．
We were carried away by her songs．
2) carry out的意思是“搬出（某物）”；“履行（计划或义务等）”。
例如：Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖
You must carry out your duty．
3) carry out; carry on
A 注意两者的区别：carry out意为“执行、实行”；carry on表示“（继续）进行、进行下去”，强调坚持。
例如：The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day．
Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time．
38 think o，think about，think over
这三个词组都与“想”有关，但所表达的含义有所不同1）think of多用来指“想起，认为”。
例如：Last night，before I went to bed，I thought of my parents．
What do you think of that book？
2) think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。
例如：Think about what you have done！想想你所做的这一切吧！
3) think over意思是“仔细考虑，认真思考”。
39 put; place; lay
三个词都能作“放”解，细微的差别在于：
1) put常指把某物弄到某个地方，并把它留在那里。例如：Please put the umbrella behind the door．
2) place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。
例如：She placed the table in the middle of the room．3) lay常指把某物平放在某处。
例如：She laid the table for lunch．她摆好桌子准备吃饭。
*注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。
例如：He has lied since his childhood．
A lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺；位于。
例如：He lay on the floor, reading a book．
B lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放；搁。
例如：He laid the book on the table．
40 come up; come on; come out
1) come up常表示位置“上升”；从水中或土中“冒出”；芽苗等“长出”；“引起注意、被提出”例如：The seeds haven’t come up．Your question came up at the meeting．2) come on 常用来催促别人，意为“加油、加快”，也可表示“来临、袭击”。
例如：I can feel a headache coming on．
3) come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”，书籍等的“出版”；“结果是”。
例如：When will her new book come out﹖
The answer to the math problem came out wrong．
41 complete; finish
1) finish是普通用语，用得比较广泛，可作及物动词或不及物动词，多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动，后面可接名词、代词或－ing，不接不定式。
例如：Have you finished your work﹖
He finished writing the letter last night．
2) complete一般用作及物动词，用法较正式，通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等，后面可接名词或代词，不接－ing或不定式。
例如：He’s never completed a project on time．The bridge is not completed yet．
3) 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了；没希望了”等意时，均用finish。例如：He finished school in 1991．The wood－work is beautifully finished．
注意：complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”；finish a book意为“看完一本书”。
42 compare…with;compar…to; compared with／to
1) compare…with意为“把……与……相比”，侧重指两者间的区别。
例如：Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them．
2) compare…to…意为“把……比作……”，着重注意两者间的相似点。
例如：This song compares our country to a big family．3) compare既可以单独用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时，以compare with…形式出现，表示“与……相比”。
例如：Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai If you compare the two words，you can tell the difference between them
4）compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语，意义基本相同，可互换。
例如：Compared to／with him，you are lucky．
It was a small town then，compared to／with what it is now．
43 search; search for; look for
1) search用作及物动词，后跟“人”时，意为“搜身”；后跟地点名词时，表示“对某地进行搜查”。也可在宾语后加for短语，表示搜查具体目标。
例如: The policemen searched everyone at the party．The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed．
2) search for意为“寻找”，可视为是search．．．for的省略式，此时search为不及物动词。
例如：She searched for her lost cat everywhere，but failed．
另外，search用作名词，常构成短语：in one’s search for 相当于in search of, 后者search前不用冠词或人称代词。
例如：They went out in their search for food．＝They went out in search of food．
3) look for意为“寻找”，但没有search for注意力集中，地点名词不可直接跟在look后作宾语，其前需加介词。例如：What are you looking for on the playground﹖你在操场上找什么呢？
44 damage; destroy; ruin
这三个词都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，区别如下：
1) damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时该词也用于借喻。
例如：The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt．
Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness．
What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries．
2) damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。
例如：The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city．3) destroy意为“破坏；摧毁；消灭；毁灭”，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。
例如：The big fire destroyed the whole house．
The Nazi wanted to destroy people's hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazi's dream by the power of people．
4) ruin多用于借喻之中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。
例如：My new coat is ruined．The rain will ruin the crops．
I was ruined by that law case; I'm a ruined man
45 search；search for；search…for；in search of
1) search vt．search sb．搜某人的身；search a place 搜某个地方。
如：The policeman is searching a thief．那警察正在搜小偷的身。
2) search for sb．／sth．搜寻、寻找某人、某物。
如：They searched for that man everywhere．他们到处寻找那个人。
3) search…for sb．／sth．搜……寻找某人、某物。
如：They searched the woods for a lost child．他们在树林里搜寻一个丢失的孩子。
4) insearch of中的search为名词，意为“寻找；寻求”。如：They went to Australia in search of gold．他们去澳大利亚寻找金子。
46 discover；invent；find；find out
1) invent意为“发明”，指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明／创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。
例如：Who invented the telephone？He invented
a new teaching method．
2) find意为“找到、发现”，指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西，着重指找到的结果。
例如：We've found oil under the South Sea．They finally found a way．
3) discover意为“发现”，表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误，即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物，也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。
例如：Columbus discovered America in1492．We soon discovered the truth．
4) find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。
47 disgrace dishonor shame infamy scandal
都含“丢人”、“耻辱”的意思。
1) disgrace 指“失去别人的尊敬”、“因自己或别人的行为所产生的耻辱感”,
例如: He was in disgrace after his ungentlemanly behavior.
2) dishonor指“因自己的言行而丧失自尊或玷辱名誉”, 例如: His desertion to the enemy was a dishonor to his family.
3) shame指“由于失去自尊心而感到羞愧或羞耻”,
例如I think it a shame to be so wasteful.
5) infamy指“声名狼藉”、“臭名昭著”,
例如:His name will live in infamy.
6) scandal指“引起公愤的行为”、“丑事”,
例如：Iran Scandal 伊朗丑闻(指美国向伊朗出售武器的秘密被揭露后, 所引起的批评)。
48 fall off；fall down；fall onto；fall into
1) fall off用作及物动词，表示“从……上落下，掉下，摔下”。
例如：The house moved and a few pictures fell off the wall，but that was all．
He had fallen off a ladder and hurt his leg．
注意：有时，它也可用作不及物动词，表示“落下，掉下，脱落”；也可表示“减少，越来越少”。
例如：I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off．
His supporters were falling off．
2) fall down通常用作不及物动词，表示“（人）跌倒，摔倒，绊倒”或“（房屋等）倒塌”。例如：The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg．
3) fall onto意为“掉到……上”，其中onto为介词，也可用to。
例如：The books fell off the desk onto／to the ground．书从桌上掉到了地上。
4) fall into意为“掉到……里陷入（困难）”等，into是介词。
例如：fall into the river 掉进河里
49 reply；answer
1) 二者均可表示“回答”，可作名词和动词。answer 为一般用语，主要用于对问题、指责等的回答；reply的用法较正式，多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作名词时都指“……的答案或答复”，均与to 连用。
例如：Answer this question．I asked her the reason，but she didn’t reply．
I received no reply ／answer to my request．
2) answer 后面可直接跟宾语，而reply 跟宾语时须与to 连用；answer 可表示对电话、敲门等作出的“应答”，reply 则不能。
例如：You must reply to／answer this letter right away．Who answered the telephone？
3) 如果是指练习题的“答案”，一般用answer。
例如：The answer to 6×10 is 60．
50 persuade sb.to do sth.；advise sb.to do sth.；try to persuade sb．to do sth．
1) persuade sb．to do sth．意为“说服某人干某事”，其结果是成功的（即成功地说服某人干某事）。
例如：Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last．
2) advise sb．to do sth．意为“劝说某人干某事”，其结果可能是劳而无功（即“说”而未“服”）。例如：She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldn’t li sten．
3) try to persuade sb．to do sth．意为“尽力说服某人干某事”，相当于advise sb．to do sth。
例如：I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed．
51 get away (from); run away (from);escape (from);flee (from)
这几个词均可表示“逃”
1) escape指安全地“逃走或跑掉”，强调结果；
2) get away from及run away from表示“逃”的动作或行为，含有动作快速而敏捷之意，多用于口语中；
3) flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速，不强调结果。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。
例如：The bird has escaped from the cage．那只鸟逃出鸟笼了。
He ran away／got away／escaped from the fire．他从火灾中逃出来了。
He fled (from) the burning house．他从燃烧的房子中逃出。
4) 另外，表示“从某处抽身”，一般用get away from。例如：I’m afraid she can’t get away from the meeting．我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。
52 give up；give in；give out
1) give up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃，可用作及物动词，跟名词或v－ing作宾语；也可作不及物动词；
2) give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等，而按别人的要求去做，一般作不及物动词；
3) give out意为“用完；耗尽；体力不支”，是不及物动词。
例如：The wind was strong and the waves were big，so he had to give up attempting／his attempt to swim the channel．
All the girls finished the race except two who gave up half way．
As neither of the two sides would give in，the agreement fell through．
After a long journey，my strength gave out and couldn’t walk any farther．
53 glance; stare; glare
1) 这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at, over等才可以接宾语。
例如：1) He glanced at his watch．
2) She glanced down the list of names．
2) stare意为“凝视”，它也是一个不及物动词，其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。
例如：She stared at him in surprise．He was staring out to the sea．
3) glare意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。
例如：They stood glaring at each other．他们互相怒目而视地站着。
54 go on to do sth；go on doing sth．；go on with sth．这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思，但在含义上有所不同。
1) go on to do sth．表示“接着做另一件事”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事
2) go on doing sth…表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”；
3) go on with sth．表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”，其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下，go on doing sth．和go on with sth．可互换。
例如：After they had read the text，the students went on to do the exercises．
The students went on talking and laughing all the way．
55 hand down；hand in；hand over；hand out ；by hand ；hands up
1) hand down作“把……传下来”解。
例如：knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race．
The story was handed down from one generation to another．
2) hand in为“把……交上来” 、“交给”、“递交”之意。例如：Time is up．Hand in your examination papers．3) hand over作“转交”或“移送”解。
例如：Please hand over this money to XiaoZhou．
The thief was handed over to the police．
4) hand out为“散发”之意。
例如：When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers．
5) hands up表示“举起手来”；
6) by hand表示“用手”、“手工”，是介词短语，作方式状语。
56 hurt; injure; wound; cut
1) hurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害（可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰），也可指精神上、感情上的伤害（被very much／rather／deeply修饰），多指伤痛。例如：I hurt my leg badly in the football match．He felt rather hurt at your words．
2) injure比hurt正式，主要指意外事故中损害健康、容貌等，强调功能的损失。
例如：A bullet injured his left eye．
3) wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。
例如：The thief wounded him with a knife．You have wounded his pride．
4) cut指无意中造成的轻伤。
例如：How did you get that cut on your hand﹖
57 knock…into；knock into；knock down；knock at／on
1) knock…into…意为“把……插／撞／敲／打入……中”。例如：Then they knocked a stick into the earth．
2) knock into意为“撞在……上”。into是介词，只能位于其宾语前。
例如：Look out！Don’t knock into others．
3) knock down意为“撞倒、打倒”。down为副词，宾语是名词时，down可位于名词前或后宾语是人称代词时，down必须位于宾语后。
例如：The car knocked the house down（＝knocked down the house）．
Be careful with the little trees．Don’t knock them down．4) knock at／on意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表示“敲门／窗”等。
例如：Who is knocking at the door﹖Knock on the window pane; they may be in．
58 live on; live by raise; keep; support; feed
这几个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思，但也有区别。
1) raise意为“抚养（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”之意。
如：He raised the children himself；his wife died years ago．他的妻子多年以前就去世了，他一手把孩子拉扯大。
He raised those goats from new-born kids．那些羊从小羊羔时就是他喂养的。
2) keep表示“养活（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”。如：John has his wife and six children to keep （support）．约翰要养活妻子和六个孩子。
They kept some hens and pigs．他们养了一些鸡和猪。
3) support意为“养活”，不用于饲养动物。
如：She supports her old mother．她赡养老母亲。
He has a large family to support．他要养活一大家子。
4) feed意为“喂养；饲养；以……为食”。
如：Have you fed the baby／cow yet？婴儿／牛喂了吗？
She fed meat to her dog. ＝She fed her dog with／on meat．她用肉喂狗。
Foxes feed on small animals．狐狸以小动物为食。
5) live on意为“以……为主食”；“靠……过活”后接表示“食物”、“人”、“收入”等的词。
例如：The soldiers lived on wild plants．
The whole family lived on the earnings of the two sisters．
6) live by意为“靠……（手段）谋生”，后常接表示“获得经济手段”的名词或-ing形式。
例如：Writers live by their pens while fishermen live by fishing．
59 manage；try
1) manage to do sth．暗含succeed in doing sth．之意，指“（经过努力和克服困难之后）将某事做成”，即经过努力达到了目的，重点在于结果，后接动词不定式，不接v-ing。
例如：He managed to finish the work in time．
Do you think you can manage to get us some tickets?
2) try to do sth．指“设法或试图”做某事，强调要做某事或尽力做某事（但不一定成功）。
例如：She will try to learn English．Try not to be late again．
try doing sth．的意思是“（用某种方法）试一试或试试看”，指“试”的方法或方式，看看情况会怎样或结果是否满意。
例如：Try knocking at the back door if nobody answers you at the front door．
He tried sending her flowers，but it d idn’t have any effect．
60 occur；happen；take place
三者都表示“发生”，都是不及物动词。
1) happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。
2) occur 指“发生”时可与happen 换用，但后接to sb．／sth．时，两者含义不同：happen to sb．／sth．指不好的事情发生在某人（物）身上；occur to sb．／sth．指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”。
3) take place 表示“发生”，可与happen 或occur换用，但其后面一般不接to sb．／sth．结构；指必然会发生的事情时，多用take place；此外take place 还可表示“举行某种活动”。
例如：He happened to know the place．When did the earthquake occur／happen？
Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it？
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China．
形容词名词及其他近义词：
1 about around round作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思。
1) about 系常用词, 如: look about 四处看。
2) around 具有about 的基本意思, 因此look about=look around, 但在下列短语里around没有about正式, 如: travel around 各处旅行
3) round 和around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用round指“旋转”, 而用around指“处处”, “到处”,
例如: She turned round at such a noise. I have been looking for it all around.
另外, 英国人用round的地方, 美国人倾向于用around, [英] Winter comes round. [美] Winter comes around.
2 above all；after all；at all
1）above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。
例如：But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．
A clock must above all keeps good time．
2）after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。
例如：After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．He is，after all，a small child．
He failed after all．
3）at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。
例如：He doesn’t like you at all．Are you going to do it at all？
If you do it at all，do it well．I was surprised at his coming at all．
3 affair; thing; matter; business
1）affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。
2）thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。
3）matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
4）business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。4 although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强；though较常用；as 则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：1）状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet 或still等副词。although与though常可互换。
例如：Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。
2）as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如：Young as／though he is, he knows a lot．
注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。
例如：Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages
3) though可以放在句末，表示“但是”，although却不能。
例如：They said they would come; they did not, though although只用来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。因此可以说even though“即使”以
although“好像(＝as if)”，不能说even although或as although。
例如：I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes．
5 among／between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思。between常用于两者之间；among一般指三者或三者以上之间。若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时，仍然要用between。
例如：The girl walked between her father and mother．She is the tallest among her classmates．
Switzerland lies between France，Italy，Austria and Germany．
6 argue；quarrel；discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。
1）argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。
例如：We heard them arguing in the other room．
另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。
例如：We argued with them about this problem for a long time．
2）quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。
例如：He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．
3）discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．
7 as (so) far as; as (so) long as
1）as（so）far as的意思是“就……而言（所知）”，as (so) far as sth．is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”；as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
例如：As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs．
There is nothing that we can’t do so ／as long as we keep on trying to do it．
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go．
8 asleep／sleeping
二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语，不能作定语，表示“睡着，熟睡”的意思；而sleeping一般只能用作定语，放在名词前，表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。
例如：我们不能说：an asleep baby，但可以说：a sleeping baby（一个熟睡的婴儿）。
再如：He was asleep with his head on his arms．他头枕着手臂在熟睡。
a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗sleeping car卧车sleeping bag睡袋
9 as though；even though；though
1）as though（＝as if），意为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。
例如：He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．
It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain．
2）even though（＝even if），意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。
例如：He will not tell the secret even though（even if）he knows it．
He will not tell the secret though he knows it．
10 at the beginning；in the beginning
1）at the beginning 在……初；在……开始的时候。常与of连用。
例如：Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term．
2）in the beginning 相当于at first，表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。
例如：In the beginning，some of us took no interest in physics．
11 at the age of，
by the age of
1）at the age of表示“在……岁时”，后面接基数词，强调某一时刻的情况或动作，用于一般过去时，作时间状语。
例如：At the age of six，he began to learn English．She learned to play the piano at the age often
2）by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”，后面接基数词，强调到某一时刻为止的结果，用于过去完成时或将来完成时，作时间状语。
例如：By the age of sixteen，he had learned to drive a car．
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen．
12 at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
1）at the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。
例如：Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time．
有时，at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短语。这时，它表示“在（某事态）发生的时候”或
“在……的时代”。
例如：Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖
It happened at the time of King Alfred．
2）at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of．．．”短语。
例如：In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time
(＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded．
3）at one time＝during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。
例如：They used to be good friends at one time．
4）at a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。例如：Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please．
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time
13 at ．．．speed ／with ．．．speed
1）at the speed of或者at ．．．speed，意为“以……的速度”。而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时，介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都（all）以闪电般（lightning）大（great）的速度行驶。
例如：Our car was running with all speed on the expressway．
The Long March No．2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11．2 kilometers per second．
14 besides；except；but
三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时，except／but 意为“除……外（不再有）”；besides意为“除……外（还有）”。
请比较：All of them have seen the film except／but Wu Dong
All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong．
1）except后接名词、代词、－ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。
如：I’ll do everything except／but cook．
This window is never opened except in summer．
注意：用在否定句中，三者可以互换。
如：There aren’t any other people to do the work except ／but／besides you．
15 be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that
1）be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；
2）be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后面接sb．to do sth．时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb．to do sth．是不定式复合结构。
3）be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”；be anxious that表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气；
练习：①I ＿＿＿＿the result of the examination．
②We ＿＿＿＿know the result of the examination．
③We ＿＿＿＿Mr Liu to help us with our English．
④Mr Li ＿＿＿＿a new car．
⑤They ＿＿＿＿arrive home before dark．
答案：①am anxious about／for ②are anxious to ③are anxious for ④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to)
1) The girl ＿＿＿＿a new dictionary．
2) All the students ＿＿＿＿their results of this examination．3) Everyone ＿＿＿＿＿know their results of the competition．
4) We ＿＿＿Mr Zhao to return．
5) We ＿＿＿＿＿she should do her best．
答案: 1) was／is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4）are anxious for 5）are anxious that
16 be known as；be known for；be known to；be known in
1）be known as 意为“作为……而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。
例如：Liu Huan is known as a singer．
We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．
2）be known for 意为“因……而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。
例如：Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．
Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day．
3）be known to “为……所了解／知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。
例如：He is known to all in our village．
He was known to have invented many things．
＝It was known that he had invented many things．
4）be known in 意为“在某地很著名”。
例如：He is well-known in the town where he was born．
17 be made of／be made in／be made from／be made by／
be made up of
1）be made of表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。
2）be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。
3）be made from表示“由……制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。
4）be made by表示“由……制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。
5）be made up of表示“由……构成（组成）”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。
练习：用be made in，be made of，be made from，be made by或be made up of填空。
①This bike Tianjin．②This table wood．
③The car 1999．④Paper wood．
⑤The kite my mother ． ⑥The team ten members ． 答案：was made in ； is made of ；was made in ；is made from ；was made by ；is made up of
18 be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to
was pleased with 。表示“对……满意；喜欢……”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。
be pleased to 。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”，其中to 是不定式符号，后面接动词原
be pleased at(或about)。be pleased at （或about ）表示“对（看到或听到的）事感到高兴 后面接指事的名词或v －ing 。
练习：1) The manager ＿＿＿ you before ．
2) My boss must ＿＿＿ see you again in HongKong ． 3) I ＿＿＿ seeing so many students present ． 4) I hear Mr Zhao ＿＿＿ your article ．
19 be to do sth ；be about to do sth ；be going to do sth ． 1) be to do sth ．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。
例如：You're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock ． 2）be about to do sth ．表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语连用。
例如：I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door ．我正要出去，这时有人敲门。 3）be going to do sth ．有三层含义： ①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。
例如：We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year ．
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。 例如：I'm going to be twenty next month ． ③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。
例如：Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm ．
20 blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over blow down 表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”；blow in 表示“吹进”、“吹入”；blow off 表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”；blow over 表示“暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。
练习：1) The high winds yesterday ＿＿＿＿＿ thousands of trees ．
2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon ＿＿＿＿ 3) I had my hat ＿＿＿＿ by the wind ．
4) A lot of dust ＿＿＿＿．You must clear it away ． 答案：1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown in
21 because ，since ，as ，for
这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，
1）as ，because ，since 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for 是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because→since→as→for 。because 引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why 的提问时，必须用because 作答。
例如：We stayed at home because it rained ．
2）as 与since 引导的从句多置于句首，不过as 表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since 则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。例如：As he was not feeling well ，I decided to go there alone ．
Since everyone is here ，let's start ．
3）for 引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。
例如：There must be nobody in the classroom ，for the light is off ．
22 merely; only; just
1）这三个词作副词表示 “仅、只”可以换用，并且都放在它们所修饰的成分之前，merely 的用法较正式。 例如：Instead of answering ，she merely ／only ／just smiled ．
She’s come here just ／only ／merely to see you ． 2）作形容词时, only 表示“仅有的”；mere 表示“仅仅的、单单的”；just 意为“公正的”。
例如：a just man 光明正大的人 Mere words won’t help ．
They were the only people who had the keys ．
23 broad; wide
两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离都有“宽的”之意， broad 着重某物覆盖面的范围 (如肩、背、胸等的宽)，还可表示“宽宏大量”；
wide 着重指边沿间相隔的距离以及“广泛”之意。
例如：Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.
He’s a broad -minded person; he’ll never be disappointed by such a small failure ．
24 but／however
这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。
1）but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。
例如：We love peace but we are not afraid of war．我们热爱和平，但我们并不害怕战争。
2）however转折意味比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。however常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。
例如：Later，however，he decided to go．
25 by oneself；oneself
1）by oneself＝alone，without help。强调“在无他人或他物的情况下”或“无帮助的情况下”；2）oneself作同位语，表示强调本人。
试比较：If you come to my house，I’ll cook for you myself．
Can you cook by yourself now？
26 by sea；by the sea
1）by sea意为“走海路；坐轮船”，其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式，by与名词间不可用冠词；
2）by the sea意为“在海边”，其中by表示“在……旁边”，by与后面的名词间常有冠词修饰。
例如：They will go to America by sea．There is a small village by the sea
请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语：
by ship 乘船by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边
by land 从陆路by the land 在岸边（在陆地旁边）
by taxi 乘出租车by the taxi 在出租车旁边by road 从陆路by the road 在路边
27 affair; thing; matter; business
1）affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。
2）thing意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing，一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解。
3）matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。
4）business作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。
] 28 cause; reason; excuse
1）cause意为“起因”、“原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和effect连用，表示因果关系。
例如：I don’t know the cause and effect．
The cause of the fire was carelessness．
2）reason意为“理由”、“原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。
例如：There are many reasons for animals dying out．Tell us your reason for changing the plan．
3）excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。
例如：Too much work is no excuse for absence．
I haven’t done the work well，my excuse is that I have been ill．
29 close；
closely
1）close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词，close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。
例如：1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight．
2) Come close, I want to tell you something important．
3) The policeman followed the strange man closely．
4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts．
30 come up; come on; come out
1）come up常表示位置“上升”；从水中或土中“冒出”；芽苗等“长出”；“引起注意、被提出”等。
例如：The seeds haven’t come up．
Your question came up at the meeting．
2）come on 常用来催促别人，意为“加油、加快”，也可表示“来临、袭击”。
例如：I can feel a headache coming on．
3）come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”，书籍等的“出版”；“结果是”。
例如：When will her new book come out﹖
The answer to the math problem came out wrong．
31 common ordinary general
都含“普通的”意思。
1）common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”，
例如：Colds are common in winter.
2）ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”，
例如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and
milk.
3）general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”，
例如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.
4）normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
例如:the normal temperature of the human body
32 trip；journey；travel；tour
1）trip是非正式用语，指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。
例如：We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation．
2）journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行，也指旅行的路程，是比较正式的用语。
例如：He made a long journey from Beijing to London．3）travel泛指旅行、游历，是最为普通的用语，但无路程的含义。
例如：He came home after five years of travel．
4）tour常指访问多处的观光旅行，常指周游后回到原出发地之意。
例如：Confucius began to make his tour among the states．
33 country；nation；state；land
1）country意为“国家；国土”，侧重指版图；疆域。例如：China is a great country with a long history．
注意：country含义广泛，适合各种文体，也可代替本组中的任何一个词，有时作“祖国”解，
带有感情色彩。
例如：After many years abroad，he wanted to return to his country．
Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others．
2）nation意为“民族；国家”，侧重指人民；国民；民族。
例如：The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news．注意：在国际交往等正式场合，nation语体庄重，比country常用。
例如：the United Nations (UN) 联合国the law of nations 国际公法
a most favored nation 最惠国
Trade between nations is much better than war
3）state意为“国家；政府”，侧重指政权；政体。
例如：In our country，railways are state-owned．
4）land意为“国土；国家”，带有感情色彩，多用于文学作品中。
例如：This is my native land．I’ll defend it with my life！34 cross; across; crossing
1）cross作动词用时，意思是“横过”。
例如：They are crossing the river．The idea has just crossed my mind．
2）cross作名词用时，指“十字形的东西”。
3）across可作介词或副词，意为“横穿，横过”。
例如：They pushed the cart across the bridge．The post office is across the street．
crossing意为“横穿，交叉，十字路口，人行横道”。例如：They are standing at a crossing．他们正站在十字路口。
35 daily; everyday; every day
1）daily用作名词意为“日报” 如：China Daily《中国日报》用作形容词，意同everyday；用作副词意同everyday
。
2）everyday意为“每日的、日常的”，在句中作定语。everyday English＝daily English日常英语；everyday life ＝daily life日常生活。
3）every day（分开写）意为“每天”，在句中作状语。例如：He comes here every day．＝He comes here daily．他每天来这儿。
36 damp wet dank moist humid
都含"潮湿的"意思。
1）damp指"轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的",
例如：I don't like damp weather.
2）wet 指"含水分或其他液体的"、"湿的"
例如：be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。
3）dank 指"阴湿的",
例如：a dark dank and chilly cave。
4）moist指"微湿的"、"湿润的", 常含"不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的"意思,
例如：Grasses were moist with dew.
5）humid为正式用语, 常表示"空气中湿度大的",
例如：In the east, the air is humid in summer.
37 day by day; day after day
1）day by day意为“一天一天地”，“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。例如：It's getting colder day by day．
The boy is getting better day by day．
2）day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。
例如：Day after day went by, and still no message
arrived ．
I have to do the work day after day ．
38 ever before ；ever since ；ever after
1）ever since 意为“从……之后一直”，其中的since 既可作副词，也可作连词，该短语与完成时连用。有时ever 可以省略。
2）ever before 意为“比以往任何时候”，其中的before 为副词，常与比较级连用并放在than 之后。ever 用来加强before 的语气，before 有时可以省略。
3）ever after 意为“从那以后”，其中的after 可作连词，也可作副词，该短语常与过去时连用。 练习：1．He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there ＿＿＿＿．
2．The flowers grow more beautiful than ＿＿＿＿． 3．The couple lived a hard life ＿＿＿＿．
答案：1.ever since 2．ever before 3．ever after
39 except ，but
二者意思均为：除……之外。except 强调所除外的人（或事物）；而but 则将重点置于其他人（或事物）。 例如：We all passed the exam except Tom ． Nobody knew her name but me
1）except 前常有all ，any ，every ，no 及其复合词等；but 也常与no ，nobody ，nothing ，all ，anywhere 等词连用。二者后都可接名词、代词、动词的ing 形式和原形动词，可以互换；但except 后还可跟副词、介词短语等，此时，不能用but 来代替。 例如：He answered all the questions except ／but the last one ．
He has always been in high spirits except recently ． The window is never opened except in summer ． 2）except ，but 用于否定句时，可以互换。
例如：There aren't any other people to be considered except ／but you ．
40 festival ，holiday ，
vacation
1）festival 指盛大的节日，或定期在某地举行的主题节日；如音乐节等。
2）holiday 源自“holy”，原意为“神圣的日子”，或指国家或民族规定的节日。后词意扩展，指一切不工作的日子。
3）vacation 任何节假日或休息日，持续时间较长，主要用于美国。在英国，则着重指法院和大学的假期。 练习：A ．The Spring ＿＿＿ is the most important day in China ．
B ．Will you spend your ＿＿＿abroad this year ？
C ．While I’m away on ＿＿＿，Mr Smith will take over my job ．
答案：A. Festival B.holidays/vacation C.vacation
41 finally ；at last ；in the end
本组词语均有“终于”之意，但有区别。
1）finally 的用法有二用来表示某一动作发生的顺序是在“最后”。
例如：Finally ，turn off the lights and lock the door ． 是用在句中动词前，表示等了好久“终于……”。 例如：We waited and waited ，and finally they arrived ．
2）at last 是表示经过一番曲折或努力之后某事才发生，强调其结果，其语气和感情色彩较强。 例如：At last the project has been completed and we can rest ．
3）in the end 用法有二：*表示经过若干周折或努力而“最后”发生了某事。
例如：We did experiment after experiment ，and in the end we got a good harvest of rice in Africa ．
注意：表示预测未来（而finally 和at last 无此用法）。 例如：He hopes that his son will be a fine teacher in the end ．
42 for example ；such as ；like 1）such as 用来举例说明，通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面。
2）for example 常用来补充说明，表示在众多的例子中仅仅取一、二加以说明、解释。 3）like 是介词，意为“像”。 练习：1．Many books on English study ，＿＿＿＿ School English are popular among school students ．
2．Some students ，Wang Lin ，＿＿＿＿ like country music very much ．
3．I’m going to be a pop star ＿＿＿＿ Michael Jackson ．
答案：1．such as 2．for example 3．like
43 habit, practice, custom, convention 。
1）habit 指个人的“习惯”，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法
例如：That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. 2）practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”，这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法
例如：On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat ——the normally
accepted practice in many northern countries.
3）custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义，此外，custom 还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义
例如：Don't be a slave to custom.
From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behaviour.
4）convention 其实是其他3个词的近义词，它的含义为：固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法 例如：They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.
44 identical ，alike ，
resemble
1）identical adj ．指同一个人或物时，表示“同一的”，可以与same 互换。在描写两个或两个以上人或物时，表示“完全一样的”
。
2）alike adj ．常作表语，表示在外表、性格或品质等方面几乎相同。
3）resemble v ．指看起来象。
练习：A ．After the earthquake the city ＿＿＿ a battle field ．
B ．The interests of both parties mayn ot be ＿＿＿＿，but they do overlap considerably ．
C ．You and your father don’t look very much ＿＿＿＿．
D ．This gun is ＿＿＿＿ to the one which the murderer used ．
答案：A. resembled B. identical C. alike D. identical
45 illness ；sickness ；disease
1）disease 具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾病，可引申为某种“弊端”，如：heart disease “心脏病”； disease of society“社会弊端”等。
2）sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国，用法有些区别：sickness 多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病；
3）illness 主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上，短时的病痛多用 sickness ，较长时间的病痛多用 illness 。
例如：He suffered from mountain sickness ．
The child has suffered from illness for two years ． Rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers.
46 increase(decrease)…by ；
increase(decrease)…to 1）increase ，decrease 搭配时，by 表示数量增加或减少的幅度，即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”；to 则表示“增加或减少到多少”。
试比较：The production cost of these trucks has decreased by one third compared to last year ． The population of India has increased to one billion
47 in all; at all; after all
1) in all 意为“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。 例如：There are 25,000 Inuit in all ．(＝In all, there are 25,000 Inuit ．) 2）after all 意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反”常放在句末；用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由，一般放在句首。后者也可译为“要记住，别忘了”。
例如：I thought he was going to help us, but he didn’t after all ．
After all your birthday is only two weeks away ． 别忘了，再过两周就是你的生日了。
3）at all 用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中，以加强语气，意为“根本；竟然”。 例如：I don’t agree with you at all ． I was surprised at his coming at all ．
48 in the morning ；on the morning of
按英语的习惯用法，in the morning （afternoon ／evening ）表示“在早上（下午）晚上”之意，而on the morning （afternoon ／evening ）of 则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上（下午／晚上）”之意，
试比较：1）He often reads English and Chinese in the morning ． 他常在早上朗读英语和语文。 2）At 5∶13 on the morning of April 18th ，1906，the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake ．
49 in the way ； in a way ； in no way ； on the way 1）in the way 意为“挡道；妨碍（某人）”。 例如：Tell the boy not to stand in the way ．
2）in a way 意为“用某种方法（做某事）”。名词way 前面常有形容词或this ／that 修饰。
例如：He worked out the problem in a simple way ． In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends ． 注意：如果in a way 单独使用，way 前不加任何修饰语，意为“在某种程度上；在某些方面（某一点上）”。 例如： The article is well written in a way ． 3）in no way 意为“决不；一点也不”，常用来加强语气。
例如：They are in no way similar to each other ．他们毫无相似之处。
4）on the way 意为“在途中”，其后常接to ，表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。
例如：He lost his ticket on the way to the cinema ．
50 late; lately; later; latest
1）late 可作形容词或副词，意为“迟（的）；晚（的）”。 例如：He often comes late for school ． They were late for the film ．
2） lately 是副词，意为“最近；近来”相当于recently ，常与现在完成时连用。
例如：I haven’t heard from him lately ．
3）later 为late 的比较级，意为“较迟的（地）”。另外，还可用作副词，意为“后来”。
例如：He goes home later than anybody ． See you later ．
4）latest 为late 的最高级，意为“最迟的（地）”；也相当于newest ，意为“最新的”。
例如：I go to bed latest in the family ． Here is the latest news from a broad ．
51 like ；as
1）二者都可以用作连词，作“像……一样”解，但like 多用于非正式的美国英语里，as 用于较为正式的场合。此外as 从句中的谓语部分可以省略，而like 从句中则不能省略谓语。
例如：Please do the experiment as Mr Li （does ）． The fish doesn’t taste like （as ）it should ．
2）二者用作介词时，as 强调同类属或完全像，往往指本身就是；like 侧重于比较，本身不是。
例如：He works like a waiter ． He works as a waiter ．
52 likely; probable; possible 这三个词都表示“可能”
possible 和probable 是形容词，只能修饰事、物； likely 既是形容词又是副词，可以修饰物，也可以修饰人。同时likely 语气最强，probable 次之，possible 最弱。 例如：The USA is likely to carry out another attack on Iraq with the excuse of fighting terrorism ．
It’s possible but not probable ／ likely that he will stick to his incorrect proposal ．
53 living alive live 意思都含“活的”。 1）living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”
例如：Shelly was still living when Keats died. 济慈死
时, 雪莱还在世。
2）alive 指“活着的”、“在世的”, 着重于状态, 它用作表语, 或放有名词或代词后作定语,
例如：The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day.
3）live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:a live rat 一只活鼠。
54 meeting ； conference ； gathering ； party 1）meeting 可以用于两人或多人，表示偶然的或拟定的，短暂的或持续的聚会。它的用途很广，可用于日常普通场合，也可用于特殊的或官方的正式场合。 例如：The students had a class meeting last Friday ． The summit meeting of the state heads came to an end two days later ．
2）conference 指专门性的正式会议，常用于就某个重大问题进行专门研究或交换意见的讨论会、协商会等。 例如：Many reporters came to attend the press conference ．
The annual conference of geologists will be held in Chicago this year ．
3）gathering 一般指非正式的集会，常用于群众性的活动（像联欢会等）
例如：A public gathering was held in Zhongshan Park on May Day ．
4）party 指社交性或娱乐性的集会。
例如：Mary and I were invited to Jane’s birthday party the other day ．
Mr ．Brown gave a dinner party last Thursday ．
55 one another ；each other
两者均表示“互相；彼此”，为代词，仅作动词或介词的宾语，不作其它成分。两者虽可换用，但each other 多用于两者之间的关系，one another 多用于三者或三者以上之间的情况。例如：We both see each other at the office every day ．
The six blind men couldn’t agree with one another. They hate each other ／one another ．
56 one's own ／
oneself
1）如属于句子主语的“身内之物”（包括穿戴之物）或思想范畴内的东西，通常用one's own 。
例如：He cut his own hand ．他割了自己的手。
I won't believe you until I've seen you in the jar with my own eyes ．
one's own 有时可指代前面提到过的同类事物。 例如：I don't need to borrow your pen ．I've got my own ． 2）oneself: 反身代词，强调句子主语发出的动作的承
受者就是主语“自身”，即主语本身就是动作的承受者。 例如：The little child cannot look after himself ．
The girl put on her new clothes and looked about herself in the mirror ． 3）oneself 一般不作定语，而one's own 则可以作定语。 例如：This is myself's book ．（×） This is my own book ．（√）
57 particular; especial; special 1）particular 着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例，是相当“一般”而言的“特殊”、“特定”。
例如： On that particular day the stores are closed ． 2）special 和especial 都有“特殊的，特别的”之意。 例如：What are your special interests ？
Collecting stamps is a matter of especial interest ．
3）不同的是，special 还有“专门的，额外的”的意思。 例如： You need a special tool to do that ． Take special care of it ．对这东西要特别细心。
58 power force strength 都含"力"、"力量"的意思。 1）power 指 "身体上、精神上或心理上的力量, 不管是表现出来的还是潜在的" 例如: It's beyond his power.
2）force 指"运用或发挥出来的力量, 可以克服阻力, 使人或物按要求方向运动",
例如:He did it with a great force. 他用了很大的力才把它做完了。 3）strength 指"内部固有的力量", 表示物质力量时, 着重"体格或构造健全、完善等方面的力量, 如体力强度等"; 表示精神力量时, 指"持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等",
例如：the strength to lift something 举起某物的力。
59 road ，street ，way ，path
1）road 意为“路”，“道路”，指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道，常指“公路”，“马路”等，两侧一般没有建筑物。
例如：Jim and Li Lei meet on the road ． The car is running along the road ．
2）street 指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以说on the street ，也可以说in the street ，前者是美国英语，后者是英国英语。
例如：Go along the street ，and take the third turning on the right ．
There are many shops in the street ．
3) way 意为“道路”，指street ，road 或任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way 。way 还可指路程距离。
例如：How can I get there? I don't know the way ． I asked the way to the station ． It was a long way from here ．
4) path 通常指“小路、小径”，只供人行走的路，可以是人们践踏而成的路，如山中、林间的羊肠小道；也可以指公园、田间的小路，还可以指供人或事物移动的“路线”等。
例如：They walked along the path across the field ．他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。
60 sometimes ／sometime ／some time
1) sometimes 是个频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的不经常性，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。 例如：Sometimes I have lunch at school ．有时我在学校吃午饭。
2）sometime 是个副词，意为“某时”，指时间上不确定的某一点，常用于过去时或将来时。例如：I saw him sometime in July ．七月有一天我曾见到过他。
3）some time 是个名词短语，意思是“一段时间”，在句中常与for ，take 等词连用。如：
例如：I'll stay here for some time ． 我将在这儿呆一段时间。
英语近义词
.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent= well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top= outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous: 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound= wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic= vigourous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prent = pervasive ★高频动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = assert = hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★高频名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazards 3. 污染：pollution = contamination 4. 人类：human beings= mankind = humane race 5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任：responsibility = obligation= duty = liability 12 能力：ability = capacity = power= skill 13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession 14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子：children = Offspring = descendant = kid ★高频短语： 1. 充满了：be filled with = be awashwith = be inundate with = be saturated with 2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事：embark in = take up = set about = go in for 4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age
英语常用同义词近义词
英语常用同义词近义词、短语辨析 1.idea, concept, conception, thought, notion, impression 这些名词均有“思想、观点、观念”之意。 idea: 最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。 concept: 指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系 的概念或看法。如：A small baby has no concept of right and wrong.婴儿没有是非概念. It was Aristotle who proved the world is round. Plato popularized the concept.亚里士多德证明了地球是圆的，柏拉图普及了这一概念。 conception: （概念、观念、思想）通常指个人或一些人所持有的具体概念或念头，也可指概念的形成过程，含一定的想象和感情色彩意味。如：He’s got a really strange conception of friendship. 他对友谊有一种非常独特的见解。 ancient Greek thought古希腊思想； lost/deep in thought陷入思索中/在沉思中，如：Derek was staring out of the window, lost in thought. Derek凝视着窗外，陷入了沉思。 thought: 指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。如：Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, “三个代表”之英文表达法——摘自CNN 'THE THREE REPRESENTS' Theory first raised by President Jiang Zemin in early 2000. Communist party must: 1 - Represent most advanced productive forces, including private business. 代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求 2 - Represent the most advanced culture. 代表中国先进文化的前进方向 3 - Represent fundamental interests of the broad masses (i.e. not merely a "revolutionary party" but one that stands for all Chinese.) 代表中国最广大人民的根本利益 notion: 尤指错误或模糊的概念、想法；无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。 misguided notions of male superiority男尊女卑的错误观点，突然的念头，奇想notion to do sth At midnight she had a sudden to go to the beach.半夜里她突发奇想要去海滩。 impression: 指外部刺激在思想中所产生的印象。尤指（对人、事的）印象；感想，常接of, 如：What’s your impression of Frank as a boss? 你对身为老板的Frank印象如何？
小学生英语单词近义词大全
小学生英语单词近义词大全 1. 大： big--- large 2. 照片：picture ---photo 3.厕所：toilet—WC 4.课程：class —lesson 5.每个人：everyone—everybody 6.每个人：glass —cup 7.钱包：purse— wallet 8.家：home—house 9.漂亮：beautiful—pretty 10.通常：usually—often 11.旁边：near —beside 12.花园：garden —park 13.桌子：desk —table 14.湖泊：river —lake 15.回家：go home —come home 16.刚才：amoment ago—just now 17.大量的：a lot of —lots of — many 18.擅长：be good at—do well in 19.当然：of course —sure
20.来自：befrom—come from 21.散步：take a walk —go for a walk 22.坐公交：take a bus—by bus 23.想要：would like —want 24.寻寻：look for— find 25.会：meeting---party 【篇二】 1. 自行车：bike---bicycle 2. 上：above ---on 3. 父亲：father---dad 4. 下：under---below 5. 晚上：evening ---night 6. 孩子： kid --- child 7. 说：speak--- talk/say 8. 欢乐：glad --- happy 9. 快：fast --- quick 10. 妈妈： mother ---- mum 11. 听：hear --- listen 12. 后面：below --- under 13. 看：see--- watch/look
英语近义词辨析
英语近义词辨析 万学海文 《2010年考研英语考试大纲解析》中明确指出：“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等”；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。由此可见，同学们在复习单词时，不仅要记词更要学会去辨析，尤其对相似易混词汇应进行重点攻克。 为了方便同学们的单词归纳复习，万学海文英语教研中心现对常见近义词进行归纳讲解。 1、blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示"错误"。 blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。 I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。 error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也指智力或道义上的错误。 The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。 mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。 I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。 2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。 brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。 The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。 fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。 He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。 frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。 His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。 crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干 The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。 invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。 Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。 A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
常见的英文近义词辨析一百组
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英语中常见的同义词集锦
表示“需要”（v）的单词：need, require, involve ,entail 表示“意味着”的单词：mean, involve, entail 表示“宿舍”的单词：dormitory, quarters, lodgings 表示“住宿”的单词：accommodations, (a)lodging 表示“欺骗”（v）的单词：cheat, deceive, trick, fool 表示“渴望”(v)的单词和词组：desire, yearn for/after, long for, thirst for，aspire to do sth, look forward to doing sth, keen on/about doing sth, keen to do sth, keen that, have an urge to do sth（具有做某事的强烈欲望，非常想做某事，形容极度渴望）表示“同情”(v)的词组：sympathize with, yearn for, feel sympathy for 表示“重要的”的单词：important, crucial, vital, essential, integral, indispensable, significant 表示“参加，从事”的词组：take part in, join(in),participate in, involve sb in （主动, 其被动形式为sb be involved in）, sb be engaged in=sb be employed in 表示“能力”的单词： ability和 capability（主要用于人）talent（只用于人）, competence, capacity(可用于人或物), faculty 表示“想象”（v）的单词和词组：imagine, fancy, fantasy，envisage(英)=envision(美) conceive of 表示“包含（v）”的单词和词组：include, involve, comprehend, inclusive of, embrace, embody, comprise, contain（实际包含的量）,encompass 表示“能容纳”的词组：can hold/accommodate 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, display, indicate, manifest, embody 表示“导致，引起(v)”的单词和词组：render, entail, lead to, result in, bring about, cause, trigger=prompt(诱发)，pose(本义为造成问题或危机) 表示“强大的，强有力的”的单词和词组：powerful, mighty, potent, strong 表示“（感觉等）敏锐的，灵敏的”的单词：keen, acute（首选这两个词）perceptive 表示“提供”的单词和词组：provide/supply sb with sth=provide/supply sth for sb=render/offer sb sth, contribute sth to sth 表示“忙于……,埋头于……”的单词和词组:be buried in, be employed in, be engaged in, sb be immersed in=immerse oneself in 表示“致力于”的词组：devote oneself to =dedicate oneself to, sb be devoted to=sb be dedicated to 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, manifest, characterize 表示“显示，表明”(v)的单词：show, suggest, indicate, reflect, reveal,（首选这三个词）emerge 表示“证明”(v)的单词：validate, demonstrate, verify, confirm，prove 表示“证实(v)”的单词：affirm,confirm, prove 表示“说明，阐释(v)”的单词：explain, illustrate, elaborate 表示“持续不断的”的单词：continual,continuous, incessant 表示“（计划，规定等）被实施，生效”的词组有come into effect/force, be implemented, be put into effect/execution, be carried into execution=be put in/into execution 表示“意识到+从句”的词组：know+that从句 realize+that从句 be/become aware of the fact+ that从句 be conscious+that 从句 表示“阻止，阻碍”(v)的单词或词组：prevent/inhibit/hinder sb from doing sth, impede sb to do sth, hamper sb in doing sth
英语词汇近义词和反义词.
浅谈英语词汇中的同义词和反义词 摘要：汉语中有近义词和反义词之说，同样道理，英语词汇中，也有同义关系和反义关系的分类。同义词在英语文章中的显现能够证明学习者词汇量的大小，而反义词则是在写作中尤为重要，俗语或者谚语以及对偶句的应用往往使文章出彩，甚至起到强调警示的作用，令人印象深刻。当然，他们也有场合的差异，色彩的不同，甚至不同的人选词也会不尽相同。而且，他们的应用无疑给英语的学习带来了便利和兴趣。Abstract: There are two kinds of words－synonym and antonym in Chinese. In fact, about English vocabulary, there are synonym and antonym classified by relations words. Generally, synonym may be a sign of your vast words, however, antonym appearing in proverb and balanced sentence could color and prominent your article and writing. Of course, there are differences among the occasion, word coloring and position if they are spoken or written by people. This point is of importance. In all, synonym and antonym used widely contribute to English learning. 关键词：同义词反义词对偶句谚语应用 提纲： 1.开篇总述 2.同义关系 （1）语义差别 （2）感情色彩的差别 （3）语体色彩 （4）写作时从句中运用以及修辞上的应用 3.反义关系 （1）换位反义词的对立统一 （2）谚语和对偶句的应用 一、概述 英语词汇可以按照不同的角度分为很多类，而在此着重讲的是词的语义分类（semantic classification of words）。词的语义分类指的是按词与词之间的语义关系对词进行分类。其中，词与词之间的同义和反义关系使我们平时最常见到的，也是文章中经常用到的，但是，对于现阶段，在我们的英语学习中，能够非常游刃有余的把握好它们用的场合，能在写作中巧妙的运用，还可以从修辞手段方面形成写作特色以及在一些谚语中的应用，做到这些，有一定
高中英语中的近义词辨析实例分析
英语中的近义词辨析(1) 2008-01-10 13:27 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词，clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词a number of students 4. family, house, home home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口，人数，people具体的人China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈
小学英语近义词,反义词,同音词辨析和练习
小学英语同音词、近义词、反义词归纳 一、小学英语同音词 B—bee—be no—know C—see—sea hi—high I—eye for—four R—are son—sun T—tea our—hour U—you pair—pear Y—why here—hear to—two—too there—their by—bye—buy right—write aren’t—aunt father—farther who’s—whose c-see(看见)-sea(海洋) b-be(是；成为)-bee(蜜蜂) y-why(为什么) for(为)-four hi(喂)-high(高) no(不)-know(知道) by(通过)-bye(再见) son(儿子)-sun(太阳) our(我们的)-hour(小时) right(对的)-write(写) meet(遇见)-meat(肉) hear(听见)-here(这儿) there(在那里)-their(他/她/它们的) dear(亲爱的)-deer(鹿）pear(梨)-pair(一双/副……) father(父亲)-farther(较远地) weight(重量)-wait(等待) it's(它是)-its(它的) who's(谁是)-whose(谁的) 二、小学英语近义词 toilet — WC listen —hear class —lesson everyone —everybody glass —cup large —big glad —happy like —love little —small photo —picture purse— wallet start —begin home—house learn—study beautiful—pretty usually —often look —see cycle —bike near —beside hi —hello quick —fast garden —park desk —table speak —say —talk river —lake go home —come home a moment ago— just now a lot of —lots of — many be good at —do well in of course —sure be from —come from take a walk —go for a walk take a bus —by bus would like —want look for— find 三、小学英语反义词 big（大的）----- small（小的）bad（坏的）----- good（好的） bright（明亮的）----- dark（黑暗的）black（黑的）----- white（白的） beautiful（美的）----- ugly（丑的）cold（冷的）----- hot（热的） cool（凉爽的）----- warm（温暖的）come（来）----- go（去） cry（哭）----- laugh（笑）clever（聪明的）----- stupid（笨的）different（不同的）----- same （相同的）difficult（难的）----- easy（容易的） dirty（脏的）----- clean（干净的）day（白天）----- night（夜晚） early（早的）----- late（迟的）fast（快的）----- slow（慢的） glad（高兴的）----- sad（悲伤的）inside（里面的）----- outside（外面的） in（里面）----- out（外面）large（大的）----- little（小的） left（左）----- right（右）quiet（安静的）----- noisy（吵闹的） new（新的）----- old（旧的）loose（松的）----- tight（紧的） like（喜欢）----- hate（厌恶）open（开）----- close（关）
高级英语近义词辨析整理
第1 课 1．destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate one?s opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。 2. decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay．(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。 spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。) molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away．(老房子渐渐腐烂了。) disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。 decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water can be decomposed(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen．(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。 在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。 The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。 The run-on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。 The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。 The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu． These snakes are dangerous. However，most snakes are quite harmless． 3．Looking out toward the horizon，she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born，a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie． 4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent． 5．Last year，after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office． 6．To appreciate the poem，one must read it aloud． 7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday． 8．Driving across the state，one saw many beautiful lakes． 9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful． 1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends． 11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers． 12．I am interested in electronics，which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．
常用英语近义词
从无到有开始 Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,; Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleash outset, onset, Rudimentary, elementary, 出现 Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into sight/view, come forth 发生 Happen, occur, take place, come about, Happening occurrence 产生,创造 create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate; Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision, 建立 Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish 制造,组成 Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate 生长壮大 复制,繁殖58 Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply. 发育，发展 Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动)