文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 《无双》翻译成“project Gutenberg”,网友:含义很深哦

《无双》翻译成“project Gutenberg”,网友:含义很深哦

《无双》翻译成“project Gutenberg”,网友:含义很深哦
《无双》翻译成“project Gutenberg”,网友:含义很深哦

国庆假期刚刚过去一周,由“赌神”周润发和郭富城两位香港影坛的“常青树”联袂主演的电影《无双》,凭借高口碑力压《李茶的姑妈》成为国庆档票房冠军,截止目前《无双》票房已达9.3亿,这部电影主要讲述代号“画家”(周润发饰演)为首的犯罪团伙,掌握了制造伪钞技术,难辨真伪,并在全球进行交易,获取利益,进而引起警方的注意,然而“画家”和其他成员的身份一直是个谜一样的存在,让警方陷入僵局,无从下手,在这关键时刻迎来转机,擅长绘画的李问(郭富城饰演)打开了破案的突破口,随着案件越来越明朗,“画家”的真实身份却让众人意想不到。缜密的故事情节,精美的制作画面,演员的演技都让观众叹服。

在观看电影《无双》的宣传海报中,影片名字被翻译成了“project Gutenberg”,而按照正常思路去理解,电影的片名应该是“incomparable、unparalleled、peerless、matchless”,那么制片方为什么坚持用“project Gutenberg”呢,其实这里面包含着另一层含义,我们都知道北宋时期(11世纪)毕生发明了活字印刷术,但在当时这项技术并没有得以推广,据史料记载,这项技术经俄国人之手传入到了欧洲,在1450年,一位叫古腾堡的德国人利用这项技术,一跃成为“欧洲活字印刷术之父”,因为欧洲的拉丁文只有24个字母,所以他只需制作24个“活字”,然后就可以排列出无穷尽的书籍内容,正是这项发明间接地引发了改变欧洲格局的启蒙运动。

讲到这里,是不是有人明白,为什么《无双》的英文名叫“project Gutenberg”了,因为“Gutenberg”是印刷的先驱,暗合电影的制造假钞的情节,而且在现代美国英语中,“Gutenberg”已经变成了和“复印,打印”有关的含义了,由此可见《无双》的英文译名更具有深意,如果只是简单的按照字面意思去翻译的话,肯定达不到如此的意境,或许也没有如此的票房了。

所以,知行翻译认为作为一名翻译人员,除了要遵循翻译内容本来的意思,更要学会灵活运

用,一定要记住“翻译人员不是传话筒,而是缩短文化距离的沟通者”,所以在翻译时,遵循内容本意是基础,在这个基础上应该学会如何让内容翻译得更加贴切。

英语翻译之词义省略法

英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴,看上去一副可怜相。 (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/772644497.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/772644497.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老,学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。

The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2.省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误,就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3.省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼,听我说话。 (二)代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

新概念英语第四册课文word版

—-可编辑修改,可打印—— 别找了你想要的都有! 精品教育资料——全册教案,,试卷,教学课件,教学设计等一站式服务—— 全力满足教学需求,真实规划教学环节 最新全面教学资源,打造完美教学模式

Lesson1 We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些

英语翻译之词义

1、一个单词多种表达 a thank-you letter 感谢信 a letter of recommendation 推荐信 a love letter 情书 a suicide letter 绝命书 a “Dear John” letter 绝交信(女孩子给男孩子) letter of condolence唁函 letter of confirmation 确认信 2、多个词表达一个意思,如表达“死” to go west 归西 to pass away 谢世(常用) to die a martyr 牺牲 to rest in peace 安息 to end one’s days 寿终正寝 to commit suicide 自杀 to kick the bucket 民间说法:蹬腿 to abandon the world 撒手人寰 to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘 to come to a violent death 暴毙 to depart to the world of shadows 命赴黄泉 to release the souls from suffering 超度、解脱 to return to dust 入土 除此之外,还有多个词翻译成一个意思(主要指英译汉),不再具体讲。 3、几个单词 return to dust:与基督教文化有关 fig leaf:遮羞布 Adam’s apple:男性的喉结 You came from dust and to dust you shall return. 来自尘土、归于尘土。 original sin:原罪 suicide:自杀,cide表示“杀”, 如:insecticide 杀虫剂,pesticide 杀虫剂,herbicide 初草剂,genocide 种族屠杀, homicide 杀人, matricide 弑母, patricide 弑父, regal君王君主, regicide 弑君commit no nuisance 请勿在此大小便 restroom 厕所 faculty lounge 教室休息室 bathroom commode 厕所(委婉的表达厕所之意) Baptist Church 洗礼会教堂

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外,翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践,使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1.词义的选择 ? 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此,在平日的翻译练习和测试中,我们在弄清原文句子结构后,务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义,以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择: 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如:Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. [译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 [注释]:本句中like作介词,意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用,则意为"喜欢;想要"。例如:He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如:Would you like to leave a message (你要不要留个话儿)此外,like还可以作形容词用,意为"相同的",如:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. [译文]:新学派的科学家们认为,技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 [注释]:school一词常被误译为"学校",其实,school还有一个词义"学派"。可见,正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响,而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. [译文]:既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。

新概念英语4-课文

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH (IV) (new version) 2 Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another. These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about 2,000 years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.Fortunately, however, ancient me n made tools of stone, especially flint, becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used woodand skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson 2 Spare that spider Why, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends ? Because they destroy somany insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf ? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, andhe estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content wi th only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T. H. GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listene Lesson 3 Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport, and the more

新概念英语第四册课文详解(L1-25)

Lesson 1 Finding fossil man 第一课发现化石人 by ROBIN PLACE from Finding fossil man 1-1. We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. 【译文】我们能读到五千年前近东发生之事,那里的人最先学会了书写。 【单词和短语】 read:此处为不及物动词,意为“读到,获悉”(to find out information from books,newspapers etc.),后接of或about,例如: He reads about the war. 他读到关于战争的消息。 Did you read of their accident in the newspapers? 你在报上看到他们遭遇意外事故的消息了么? 5,000 years:五千年。另学习millennium,意为“一千年”,复数为millennia。5,000 years即为5 millennia。 the Near East:近东,指地中部沿岸地区,包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部,有时还包括巴尔干半岛。 1-2. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. 【译文】但时至今日世上某些地方的人还不会书写。 【单词和短语】 even now:此处意为“甚至到现在”,例如: Even now he won’t believe me. 他甚至到现在还不相信我。 even now另有两解,一为“就在此刻”,例如:

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文

新概念英语第四册第二十单元课文原文 Lesson 20 Snake poison 蛇毒How it came about that snakes manufactured poison is a mystery. Over the periods their saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today. It was not forced upon them by the survival competition; they could have caught and lived on prey without using poison just as the thousands of non-poisonous snakes still do. Poison to a snake is merely a luxury; it enables it to get its food with very little effort, no more effort than one bite. And why only snakes ? Cats, for instance, would be greatly helped; no running rights with large, fierce rats or tussles with grown rabbits just a bite and no more effort needed. In fact it would be an assistance to all the carnivorae--though it would be a two-edged weapon -When they fought each other. But, of the vertebrates, unpredictable Nature selected only snakes (and one lizard). One wonders also why Nature, with some snakes concocted poison of such extreme potency. In the conversion of saliva into poison one might suppose that a fixed process took place. It did not; some

新概念第四册课文[新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson43、44、45】]

新概念第四册课文[新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记 【Lesson43、44、45】] 【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程,以其全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练,深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了方便同学们的学习,大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记,希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮 助! First listen and then answer the following question. What does the "uniquely rational way" for us to municate with other intelligent beings in space depend on? We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a pla only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the plas in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer plas have temperatures near absolute zero and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have plas like our own, and

英语翻译中词义的选择与引申

英语翻译中词义的选择与引申 【摘要】在翻译过程中,要把英语准确,通顺地译成汉语,正确选择词义此意,注重词义的引申至关重要。 【关键词】引申;翻译;选择 在英汉翻译过程中,正确选择词义是保证译文质量的中心问题。英语单词所表达的意义并不完全可以在汉语里找到其完全对应的词来表达的,许多英语单词与汉语中有些词只是部分对应,而英语中一词多义、一词多用、一词多类的现象很多,这就要求我们在将英语多义词译成汉语时,必须根据上下文和全句的意思确认其中一个正确的含义,而不能不求甚解,望词生义,想当然地进行翻译。下面从几个方面来分析英语翻译中词义的选择与引申。 一、词义的选择 1. 文化背景知识与词义的理解及翻译 英汉两种语言分属两大不同语系,英语国家的文化背景、风俗习惯与我国有很大的不同,有时候对英语某些词汇的理解涉及英语国家的文化背景知识,包括历史、地理、风土人情等各方面,如果这方面的知识匮乏,翻译出的句子就会出错,甚至闹出笑话。 例(1): Franz Boas was a specialist in American Indian languages. 弗兰兹·博厄斯是一位美洲的印第安人语言专家。 这句中的American Indian不能译为“美国印第安人”,因为不仅美国有印第安人,而且加拿大、南美洲和中美洲各国也有,这里涉及普通历史、地理常识。事实上,America和American严格地来说应作“美洲”和“美洲的”解,当然有时也用来指“美国”,但在一定的上下文中应注意区分。 例(2): South African leopard-spot policy came under fierce black fire… 南非实行的“豹斑式”的种族隔离政策受到了黑人的猛烈抨击… 这句中的leopard-spot是一个专门术语。如译者不了解它的背景知识,就很难把它准确地翻译出来。“豹斑”这一概念形成于20世纪60年代中期,当时南越人民武装力量在战区后方建立了许多小块根据地,美方军事地图上就此标有“豹斑”状异色标示区。以后“豹斑”这一军事术语又被转用为政治术语,指白人种族主义者把黑人强行驱入若干小块地区居住的种族隔离政策。 2. 从词的联立关系及上下文确定词义 所谓“词的联立关系”是指词在行文中的搭配组合关系。一般来说,一个孤立的英语单词,其词义是游移不定的,具有该词可能具有的一切含义。但当词出于特定的联立关系中时,它的词义受到上下文的制约就稳定化了,因此根据词的上下文关系确定词义是词义解析中非常重要而又切实可行的手段。如英语单词“wet”的意思是“湿的”,但它在不同的句子中所表达的意义就差别很大。 例(1): Wet Paint! 油漆未干! 例(2): He was wet to the skin. 他全身都湿透了。 例(3): If you think I am for him, you are all wet. 如果你认为我支持他,那你就大错特错了。 “last”这一形容词,它的一般意义为“最后的”,但在翻译中我们应注意它在不同的句中所表达的含义。 例(1): He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。

unit5词义的选择与引申

unit5词义的选择与引申 实用翻译策略与常用技巧 第一讲词义的选择和引申 词义的选择和词义引申是翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。也是英语翻译中最基础的工作,准确把握词义,并在必要时加以适度的引申,是保证译文质量的前提和基础。一方面,英语和汉语各自都有丰富的词汇,各自的词义又极其繁复;另一方面,这两种语言差异巨大,其词义关系错综复杂,往往难以找到词义完全对应的词。 因此,在翻译中绝不能拘泥于自己所记忆的词典提供的基本释义,机械地用固定的汉语词替换对应的英语词。正确的做法应当是,在掌握每一个单词基本释义的基础上,根据 “家” ’ . ’ . . ’ . . . . 的差异。如:这个单词,在作名词时,意思是“书,书籍”;用作动词却常表示“预订,预约”的意思。又如:作连词时,有“当...的时候,而,虽然”等意思;作名词时,却指“片刻,一会儿”;作动词,又有“消磨”的意思。遇到这种情况,如果不弄清楚词性,常常就会将词义搞错,进而影响原文的正确理解和准确翻译。因此在翻译中,我们可以根据语法关系来辨别关键词的词性,以便能准确的判断词义。如: : . . ?

(二)根据上下文确定词义 除了根据词性来判断词义之外,词义选择一个更为重要的方法就是根据上文来判断词义了。因为很多英语单词即使弄清楚了词性,但仍须从几个或几十个义项中选定确切的词义。这就需要借助于上下文提供的各种线索做出合理的分析、推理、判断。有时候,我们还可能会在考试中碰到生词。可是,我们绝对不会在一个英语句子中出现这种情况:某一个单词不认识,而这个单词上下文中的所有单词都不认识。正因为上下文的存在,这也给我们考研翻译中解决生词提供了突破口。因此,在考研翻译中,我们一定要随时注意上下文,上下文的不同在很大程度上决定了单词意义的不同,也在很大程度上决定了翻译中理解和表达的正确性、准确性和译文是否通顺。 我们以动词为例,如果上下文不一样,的意思显然也是不一样,必须依据上下文才能 . . . . ' ' . . , . . . ’ . . . 随着时代的发展,每天都有新的词汇产生。一些词在不同的领域中更是有着迥然不同的含义。例如,在一般情况下是“服务员、侍者”的意思;在体育范畴内,该词指“发球员”;而在计算机领域中,它又是“服务器”的含义。另如,在一般语境下是“拖欠、未履行“的意思,如;在法律范畴下则指的是“被要求出庭时未到庭”,如;而计算机用语中的则常被翻译为“缺省”,指的是“由操作系统自动指定并持续有效的特定值”,如。类似的例子还有很多,试译下句: . “’ .” , “ . . .” 二、词义的引申() 引申是英汉翻译的常用手法之一。英语和汉语在长期发展和使用中形成了富有各自特

新概念英语第四册课文:Lesson4

新概念英语第四册课文:Lesson4 【课文】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音,然后回答以下问题。 How did Vera discover she had this gift of second sight? Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls. This ability was first noticed by her father. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles. Vera's curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child's game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it; and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记:Lesson46.doc

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记:Lesson46 【课文】 Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over- punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them. If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳

英语翻译方法和技巧归纳 一、词汇方面 ㈠.词义选择 大多数英语词汇是多义的,翻译时必须选择正确的词义。词义选择的方法有三:根据上下文和词的搭配选择、根据词类选择、根据专业选择。 ㈡.词义转换 在理解英文词汇的原始意义基础上,翻译时可根据汉语的习惯按引伸义译出;或用反义词语译出,即所谓的正文反译、反文正译。 ㈢.词类转换

英语中很多由动词转化而成的名词、以及动名词、非谓语动词等,汉译时可将它们转换成动词。 ㈣.补词 是指原文已有某种含义但未用词汇直接表达,译文中需将这些含义补充进去,这样才更通顺易读,如:英语中数词与名词之间没有量词,而译成汉语时可酌情增加。 ㈤.省略 是指原文中某些词在译文中省略不译,只要并不影响意义的完整。如:上面讲的汉语“量词”,译成英语时则可以省略;又如:英语中大量使用物主代词而汉语中往往省略不用。 ㈥.并列与重复

英语在表达重复含义的并列结构中常采用共享、替代、转换等形式来避免重复,而汉语却常常有意重复表达以加强文字的力度,如:英语的物主代词替代前面的名词,短语动词只重复介词而省略主动词,汉译时可考虑重复表达。 二、句子结构方面 子结构方面的翻译技巧,主要有三种类型:语序类、组合类和转换类。 ㈠.语序类 1. 顺译法与逆译法 英语时间状语可前可后。不仅如此,英语在表达结果、条件、说明等定语从句、状语从句也很灵活,既可以先述也可以后述。而汉语

表达往往是按时间或逻辑的顺序进行的,因此,顺译法也罢逆译法也罢,其实都是为了与汉语的习惯相一致。英语表达与汉语一致的就顺译,相反的则逆译。 有时候顺译法与逆译法的差别,就象前面谈的正译与反译,依译者的爱好而定。 2. 前置法 英语中较短的限定性定语从句、表身份特征等的同位语在译成汉语时,往往可以提到先行词(中心词)的前面。 3. 分起总叙与总起分叙 长句子和句子嵌套现象在英语中比较普遍,这是因为英语的连词、关系代词、关系副词等虚词比较活跃、生成能力强,可构成并列句、复合句以及它们的组合形式。

新概念英语4-课文

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH(IV) (new version) 2 Lesson1Finding Fossil man We can read of things that happened5,000years ago in the Near East,where people first learned to write.But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.The only w ay that they can preserve their history is torecount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellersto another.These legends are useful because they can tell us somethin g aboutmigrations of people who lived long ago,but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesianpeoples now living in th e Pacific Islands came from.The sagas of these peopleexplain that some of them came from Indo nesia about2,000years ago.But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that ev en theirsagas,if they had any,are forgotten.So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men'came from.Fortunately,however,ancient me n made tools of stone,especially flint,becausethis is easier to shape than other kinds.They may also have used woodand skins,but these have rotted away.Stone does not decay,and so the tool s oflong ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 3 Lesson2Spare that spider Why,you may wonder,should spiders be our friends?Because they destroy somany insects,and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the humanrace.Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;they woulddevour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds,if it were not for the protectionwe get from insect-eating animals.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts wh o eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover,unlike some of the other insect eaters,spiders never dothe least harm to us or our bel ongings.Spiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.One can t ell the difference almost at a glance for a spider always has eight legsand an insect never more th an six.How many spiders are engaged in this work on our behalf?One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England,andhe estimated that there were more than2,250,000in one acre,that is something like6,000,000spiders of different kinds on a f ootball pitch.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects.It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill,but they are hungry creatures,not content wi th only three meals a day.It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spi ders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the c ountry.T.H.GILLESPIE Spare that Spider from The Listene Lesson3Matterhorn man Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them goodsport,and the more

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档