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计算机专业英语文章-存储器

Memory Devices

1）RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY

Random-access memory，or RAM，is the kind of memory we usually refer to when we speak of computer memory．It is the most widely used type，and consists of rows of chips with locations established in tables maintained by the control unit．

As the name suggests，items stored in RAM can be gotten（accessed）both easily and in any order（randomly）rather than in some sequence．RAM relies on electric current for all its operations；moreover，if the power is turned off or interrupted，RAM quickly empties itself of all your hard work．Thus，we say RAM is-volatile，or nonpermanent．

2）READ-ONLY MEMORY

Read-only memory，or ROM，typically holds programs．These programs are manufactured，or“hard-wired”in place on the ROM chips．For example，a microcomputer has a built-in ROM chip（sometimes called ROM BIOS，for ROM basic input/output system）that stores critical programs such as the one that starts up，or“boots”，the computer．ROM is“slower”than RAM memory，and as a result，items in ROM are transferred to RAM when needed for fast processing．

Items held in ROM can be read，but they cannot be changed or erased by normal input methods．New items cannot be written into ROM．The only way to change items in most forms of ROM is to change the actual circuits．

3）MAGNETIC DISKS

The magnetic disk is a circular platter with a smooth surface and a coating that can be magnetized．Data is stored on it as magnetized spots．The reading and recording device，the disk drive，spins the disk past read/write heads that detect or write the magnetized spots on the disk．

4）CD-ROMS

Optical disks need thin beams of concentrated light to store and read data．It is a form of laser storage，called CD-ROM．

There are two types of optical disks that can he user-recorded：WORM and erasable optical．WORM stands for“write once，read many”：Data can be written to this disk just one time，but the data can be read many times．Erasable optical disks can be written to，read，and erased．

5）MAGNETIC TAPE

A magnetic tape is a narrow plastic strip similar to the tape used in tape recorders．The tapes are read by tape drive moving the tape past a read／write head，which detects or writes magnetized spots on the iron-oxide coating of the tape．Each pattern of spots matches the byte code for character being stored．

存储器

1）随机存储器

随机存储器或称RAM，是人们常说的计算机存储器。它是使用最广的一种类型，由一组芯片构成，其存储单元由控制部件中的地址表管理。

顾名思义，RAM中的内容可以很容易地以任意顺序（随机地）读出（或称访问），而不用考虑什么先来后到。RAM始终靠电流进行操作；而且，如果电源关闭或中断，RAM会很快丢失，人们辛辛苦苦存入的内容。因此人们把RAM称为易失性或非永久性的存储器。

2）只读存储器

只读存储器或ROM，主要用来存储程序。这些程序是做在ROM芯片中或者说通过硬连线实现的。例如在微型计算机中就有内置ROM芯片（有时称为ROM BIOS，即ROM基本输入输出系统），该芯片存储一些关键的程序，如计算机的启动或引导程序。ROM的读取速度比RAM慢，因此如果需要快速处理，则将ROM

中的内容传送到RAM中。

ROM中的内容可以读，但不能用一般的输入方法更改或擦除。新的内容也不能写入ROM。在大多数型号ROM中改变内容的惟一方法是更换实际电路。

3）磁盘

磁盘是一个表面光滑且涂敷可磁化材料的圆盘。数据在磁盘上作为磁化点存入。读出与记录设备即磁盘驱动器驱动磁盘转动，当通过读写磁头时，磁头从磁盘上的磁化点检测出或写入信息。

4）只读光盘

光盘用细聚光光束去存储和读出数据。CD-ROM是激光存储器的一种形式。

用户使用的可读写光盘有两种类型：WORM和可擦除的光盘。WORM代表一次写多次读：数据只能写入一次但可读出多次。可擦除光盘可以读、写和擦除。

5）磁带

磁带是一种类似于录音磁带的窄塑料带。由磁带驱动器去读磁带的内容。驱动器驱动磁带，由读写磁头检出或写入由氧化铁涂敷的磁化点，以各磁化点的不同极性表示所存储字符的二进制代码。

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Unit 5 Ex1: 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 F 6 F 7 F 8 T 9 T 10 T 11F 12T 13F 14F 15T 16T 17F 18T 19F 20F 21T 22T 23T EX2 1.mail, courier 2.hub, star 3.local area network 4.packets 5.Ethernet 6.kilobits per second, megabits per second, gigabits per second 7.circuit switching 8.reassembled 9.internet protocol, transmission control protocol 10.datagrams 11.frames 12.binary, decimal EX3 part A 1 C 2 E 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 D 7 H 8 G EX3 part B 1.hub 2.zipped 3.decimal 4.frame 5.binary number 6.internet 7.packet 8.bandwidth EX4 1.forwarded 2.reassembled 3.are encapsulated 4.cable 5.bursty 6.submit 7.are retransmitted 8.protocol EX5

1.IP address 2.notation 3.dotted-decimal https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7f2984989.html,puter network 5.background 6.shared 7.geographic 8.privacy Exercise to the Passage for Reading EX6 1.有意为维修技师使用所留 2.被弃的、丢失的或损坏了的数据都进了数据桶。 3.比大多数人怀疑的那样有更少的相同之处。 4.只能由真正有特殊才能的人所打造的核心技术。 5.程序和文件 6.（1）和拓展程序所能（5）敏感信息的干涉者 7.隐藏的特性和控制开发复杂性 8.（2）意在用权宜而不清晰的方式解决某一特别难以解决情形的聪明的编程窍门。 9.不能很好地和人沟通 10.对程式，数据结构或整个程序 11.互相指责别人和不适当的团组有关 12.（1）打免费长途电话（2）但并不限于通讯网络 13.眼部疲劳 14.（1）他们认为微不足道或令人讨厌的问题。 15.没人能发现这些漏洞，或者，即便发现了，也不会探究利用。 16.受雇攻入某地以检测其安全性 17.用了很多GO To语句，例外语句或其它非结构化的分支构造 18.其后，没有定时作适当的压制（炸弹爆炸）的工作， 19.善意 20.在发布前很久 21.这种技术可能不能运转，如果真是这样，人们再不会知道是为什么 22.在Suns系统中，是L1—A，在苹果机中，是！ 23.它完全不起作用，系统想做些什么，但被卡住了，不能取得进展 24.（1）指与计算机软硬件相对的人的神经系统，（2）此计算机系统的软硬件 25.在紧急关头，能很快找到程序缺陷并予以修复 26.指头脑封闭的人 Unit 6 Unit6 EX1 1 F 2 T 3 F 4 T 5 T 6 F 7 F 8 T 9 T 10 F 11F 12F 13T

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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《计算机专业英语》第03章在线测试

A B C D Windows gives you more control over the you work. A B C D The most important program on any computer is＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A B C D is a word processing tool that helps you to crea e quality documents. A B C D ( )as a significant majority of market share in the desktop A B C D

2、Windows 2000 has the key technologies, they are ( ). A、flat directory B、security C、active directory D、enterprise management 3、Active Directory supports ( ). A、delegation of administrative task B、granular access control C、encapsulation D、inheritance 4、Common contemporary operating systems include ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A、Mac OS B、Microsoft Windows C、Linux D、Solaris 5、Microsoft Windows currently supports ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿file systems A、NTFS B、ext2 C、FAT D、NILFS E、OCFS 第三题、判断题（每题1分，5道题共5分） 1、Office 2000 is an incredible set of business tools. 正确错误 2、Operating systems are not unique to their manufacturers.

计算机专业英语名词翻译

第一章（计算机系统概论） digital computer 数字计算机 decimal digits 十进制数字 binary 二进制 bit 位 ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码 computer system 计算机系统 hardware system 硬件系统 software system 软件系统 I/O devices 输入输出设备 central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器 application software 应用软件 video game 计算机游戏 system software 系统软件 register 寄存器 floating point data浮点数据 Boolean布尔值 character data字符数据 EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码 punched cards穿孔卡片 magnetic tape磁带 main memory主存 vacuum tubes电子管 magnetic drum磁鼓 transistors晶体管 solid-state devices固体器件 magnetic cores磁芯 integrated circuit（IC）集成电路 silicon chip硅芯片 multiprogramming多道程序设计 timessharing分时分时技术 minicomputers小型计算机 mainframe大型计算机 large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成 very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理 eletronic spreedsheets电子表格 database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机 storage capacities存储容量 stand-alone computer独立计算机 local area network(LAN)局域网 peripheral devices外部设备 assembly line流水线 supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构） memmory subsystem存储子系统 I/O subsystem输入输出子系统 bus总线 system bus系统总线 chip 芯片 address bus地址总线 instructions指令 memory location存储单元 data bus数据总线 control bus控制总线 local bus 局部总线 microprocessor微处理器 register set寄存器组 arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器 clock cycle时钟周期 control unit控制器 computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式 addressing modes寻址方式 introduction set指令集 internal memory内存 main memory主存 Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器 vitual memory虚拟存储器 Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器 refresh circuitry刷新电路 Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAM cache memory高速缓冲存储器 masked ROM掩膜ROM PROM可编程RAM EPROM可擦写PROM ultraviolet light紫外线 EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROM basic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器