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药物合成反应(闻韧_第三版)课后翻译

药物合成反应(闻韧_第三版)课后翻译
药物合成反应(闻韧_第三版)课后翻译

1、

About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约

216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应,假如滴加的酮不能被分散,就会变黑或是碳化。When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加,反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时,改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而,速度不能太快,当反应温度超过180℃时。Near the end of the addition, the mass becomes molten and can be stirred easily without being either heated or cooled. The molten mass, in which the acetophenone is complexed with aluminum chloride, ranges in color from tan to brown.当快滴加完时,团块开始融化,表明苯乙酰已经和三氯化铝混合完全,颜色也逐渐从黄褐色变为棕色。

Bromine (128 g., 0.80 mole) is added dropwise to the well-stirred mixture over a period of 40 minutes (Note 4). 在40分钟内在搅拌下把溴缓慢滴加到混合物中。After all the bromine has been added, the molten mixture is stirred at 80–85° on a steam bath for 1 hour.溴滴加完后,熔融混合物在80-85℃蒸气浴下搅拌1小时。The complex is added in portions to a well-stirred mixture of 1.3 l. of cracked ice and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a 2-l. beaker (Note 6).反应物加入到1.3L碎冰和100ml浓盐酸的混合物中在2L的烧杯中混合均匀。Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reaction flask to decompose whatever part of the reaction mixture remains there, and the resulting mixture is added to the beaker.把部分的冰水层加入到烧瓶中洗涤残留物,然后合并到烧杯中。The dark oil that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. portions of ether 分四次把深色的油从混合物中用150ml萃取出来。The extracts are combined, washed consecutively with 100 ml. of water and 100 ml. of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and transferred to a short-necked distillation flask. 合并萃取液,用100ml

水和100ml 5%的小苏打洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。The ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and crude 3-bromoacetophenone is stripped from a few

grams of heavy dark residue by distillation at reduced pressure. 乙醚在常压下蒸馏,微量的溴苯乙酮通过减压蒸馏的方法从大量深色残渣中被分离出来。The colorless distillate is carefully fractionated to obtain 94–100 g.通过分馏,得到无色的流出液94-100g

2、

反应式:

3、

2-Methyl-4-ethoxalylcyclopentane-1,3,5-trione. A solution of sodium ethoxide is prepared in a 2-l. three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with a

mercury-sealed stirrer, a reflux condenser carrying a drying tube, and a stopper by the addition of 69.0 g. (3 moles) of sodium to 950 ml. of absolute ethanol. 69.0g (3mol)钠和950ml无水乙醇在配有干燥回流冷凝管和汞封搅拌器的2L三口圆底烧瓶中制备乙醇钠。The solution is cooled to 0–5° in an ice bath and stirred.溶液在0-5℃下冰浴搅拌。The stopper is replaced by a dropping funnel, and a cold mixture (5–15°) of 108 g. (1.50 moles) of freshly distilled 2-butanone and 482 g. (3.30 moles) of diethyl oxalate (Note 1) is added gradually over a period of 30 minutes.瓶塞用分液漏斗取代,108g(1.5mol)的丁二酮和482g(3.3mol)的乙二酸二乙酯在5-15℃下低温混合,在30分钟内逐步滴加到溶液中。After the addition is complete, the thick, orange-red mixture is allowed to warm with continued stirring to room temperature, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, and cooled again to 0° in an ice bath. 完全加入后,橘红色的粘稠物继续搅拌至室温,加热回流30分钟后在冰浴中冷却至0℃。The mixture is decomposed by stirring with 165 ml. of sulfuric acid (1:1 by volume) added in portions.将165ml浓硫酸(体积比1:1)在搅拌加入,分解混合物。The sodium sulfate

formed is filtered by suction and washed with ethanol (150–200 ml.) (Note 2). 硫酸钠抽滤后用乙醇(150–200 ml)洗涤。The washings and filtrate are combined and concentrated by evaporation .合并滤液和洗涤液后蒸发浓缩。The yellowish brown product which accumulates by slow crystallization is collected by filtration, washed with small quantities of ice-cold water, and dried in air. 过滤缓慢析出的棕黄色产品用小剂量的冰水洗涤后在空气中干燥。The crude product weighs 140–150 g.粗产品

140-150g。Further evaporative concentration of the mother liquor followed by cooling furnishes an additional 40–50 g. of the keto ester, 此外将母液用冷冻蒸发浓缩后又得到40-50g的酮酯。bringing the total yield to 180–200 g. (53–59%)产品总共180-200g(产率53-59%)(Note 2). This crude material (m.p. 120–130°) is used in the next step.粗品(熔点120–130℃)用于下一步中A pure sample can be obtained by crystallization from ethyl acetate after treatment with Norit activated carbon, m.p. 160–162°.纯品是经过活性炭处理后在乙酸乙酯中结晶得到,熔点160–162℃。

The procedure for 2- pyrrolealdehyde 2-吡咯甲醛

In a 3-l. three-necked round-bottomed flask, fitted with a sealed stirrer, a dropping funnel, and a reflux condenser, is placed 80 g. (1.1 moles) of dimethylformamide (Note 1).在配有封闭搅拌器、滴液漏斗和冷凝回流装置的三口圆底烧瓶中放入80g(1.1mol)的二甲基甲酰胺。The flask is immersed in an ice bath, and the internal temperature is maintained at 10–20°, while 169 g.

(1.1 moles) of phosphorus oxychloride is added through the dropping funnel over a period of 15 minutes. 烧瓶浸入冰浴中,内部温度保持在10-20℃,169g(1.1mol)的磷酰氯通过滴液漏斗在15分钟内滴加。An exothermic reaction occurs with the formation of the phosphorus oxychloride - dimethylformamide complex. 放热反应生成磷酰氯二甲基甲酰胺化合物。The ice bath is removed, and the mixture is stirred for 15 minutes (Note 2). 移去冰浴,在搅拌15分钟。

The ice bath is replaced, and 250 ml. of ethylene dichloride is added to the mixture. 重新再冰浴下加入250ml的二氯乙烯。When the internal temperature has been lowered to 5°, a solution of 67 g. (1.0 mole) of freshly distilled pyrrole in 250 ml. of ethylene dichloride is added through a clean dropping funnel to the stirred, cooled mixture over a period of 1 hour. 当内部温度降到5度时,把67g(1.0mol)新蒸馏的吡咯加入到250二氯乙烯中,通过滴液漏斗在1小时内低温下边搅拌边滴加。After the addition is complete, the ice bath is replaced with a heating mantle, and the mixture is stirred at the reflux temperature for 15 minutes, during which time there is copious evolution of hydrogen chloride.滴加完后,用加热装置取代冰浴,搅拌回流15分钟,直到有大量氯化氢产生。

The mixture is then cooled to 25–30°, and to it is added through the dropping funnel a solution of 750 g. (5.5 moles) of sodium acetate trihydrate (Note 3) in about of water, cautiously at first, then as rapidly as possible. 当混合物降温到25-30℃后,通过滴液漏斗加入750g(5.5mol)的三水醋酸钠溶液,开始要小心,然后要尽可能地快。The reaction mixture is again refluxed for 15 minutes, vigorous stirring being maintained all the while (Note 4). 反应物在充分搅拌下重新回流15分钟。

The cooled mixture is transferred to a 3-l. separatory funnel, and the ethylene dichloride layer is removed. 冷却的混合物转移到分液漏斗中,出去二氯乙烯层。The aqueous phase is extracted three times with a total of about 500 ml. of ether. 水相用500ml乙醚分三次萃取。The ether and ethylene chloride solutions are combined and washed with three 100-ml. portions of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, which is added cautiously at first to avoid too rapid evolution of carbon dioxide.合并乙醚和氯乙烯溶液,用100ml饱和碳酸钠溶液分三次洗涤,然后通入二氧化碳,通入时要小心不要太快。The non- aqueous solution is then dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, the solvents are distilled, and the remaining liquid is transferred to a Claisen flask and distilled from an oil bath under reduced pressure (Note 5). 非水溶液用无水碳酸钠干燥,蒸馏溶剂,余下的溶液移入克氏烧瓶在油浴中减压蒸馏。The aldehyde boils at 78°at 2 mm.; there is very little fore-run and very little residue. 醛沸点78度在2mm;很少有预留无和残渣。The yield of crude 2-pyrrolealdehyde is 85–90 g. (89–95%), as an almost water-white liquid which soon crystallizes. 当几乎透明的液体会马上结晶,粗品产量85-90g(89-95%)。

A sample dried on a clay plate melts at 35–40°. 样品在素烧瓷板上干燥,熔点35-40度。The crude product is purified by dissolving in boiling petroleum ether (b.p. 40–60°), in the ratio of 1 g. of crude 2-pyrrolealdehyde to 25 ml. of solvent, and cooling the solution slowly to room temperature, followed by refrigeration for a few hours.粗品溶解在沸腾的石油醚中(沸点40-60度),一克粗品2-甲基吡啶加入25ml溶剂,在室温下冷却,这后再冷冻数小时。The pure aldehyde is obtained from the crude in approximately 85% recovery.纯品醛是从粗品中得到,收率85%。The over-all yield from pyrrole is 78–79% of pure 2-pyrrolealdehyde, m.p. 44–45°. 总得率为78-79%熔点44-45度。

(1)反应式

4、

(1)In a 3L. round-bottomed flask (Note 1) fitted with a reflux condenser are placed 625 cc. of 95 per cent alcohol (Note 2), 500 cc. of water, 500 g. (476 cc., 4.7 moles) of pure benzaldehyde (Note 3), and 50 g. of sodium cyanide (96–98 per cent). 在配有回流冷凝器的3L圆底烧瓶中加入625ml的95%酒精、500ml水、500g (476ml,4,7mol)的苯甲醛和50g 96-98%的氰化钠。The mixture is then heated and kept boiling for one-half hour (Note 4). 混合物加热并保持沸腾1.5小时。In the course of about twenty minutes, crystals begin to separate from the hot solution. 在20分钟后晶体开始从热溶液中析出。At the end of the thirty minutes, the solution is cooled, filtered with suction, and washed with a little water. 在最后的30分钟,冷却溶液,抽滤并用少量水洗涤The yield of dry crude benzoin, which is white or light yellow, is 450–460 g.有450-460g白色或亮黄色的干燥的安息香。(90–92 per cent of the theoretical amount). 理论产率90-92%。In order to obtain it completely pure, the crude substance is recrystallized from 95 per cent alcohol, 90 g. of crude material being dissolved in about 700 cc. of boiling alcohol; upon cooling, a yield of 83 g. of white, pure benzoin which melts at 129° is obtained.为了得到纯度高的产品,粗产品要在酒精中重结晶,90g粗品溶解在700ml沸腾的酒精中,冷却,得到83g熔点为129摄氏度的白色安息香纯品。

(2)In a 1L. three-necked round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, short reflux condenser, and bent glass tube reaching below the surface of the liquid for the introduction

of hydrogen chloride, are placed 50 g. (0.36 mole) of p-nitrophenol (Note 1), 650 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, 5 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid (Note 2), and 76 g. (1 mole) of methylal (Note 3). 在配有机械搅拌,短期冷凝回流器和一个为的是深入液面下通氯化氢气体的弯曲的玻璃管三口圆底烧瓶中加入50g(0.36mol)对硝基苯酚,650ml的浓盐酸,5ml的浓硫酸和76g(1mol)的二甲氧基甲烷。The mixture is stirred while the temperature is maintained at 70 ± 2° for 4–5 hours by means of a water bath (Note 4). 在水浴中保持70±2度搅拌4-5小时。During this time hydrogen chloride is bubbled into the reaction mixture through the bent glass tube, and the excess gas is carried away through the reflux condenser to a hood or gas- absorption trap (Note 5). 在此期间通过玻璃弯管把氯化氢气体通入反应混合物中,过量的气体被带到回流冷凝器被气体吸收罩吸收。

The 2- hydroxyl -5- nitrobenzyl chloride begins to separate as a solid about 1 hour after the beginning of the reaction.在反应开始后的一个小时,2-羟基-5-硝基苯氯化物作为固体被分离。At the end the mixture is cooled in ice for 1 hour whereby more crystals separate, after which the acid liquors are either filtered or decanted from the crystals (Note 6). 最后把混合物在冰中冷却1小时,使更多的晶体析出,之后把酸性液体过滤或倾析得到晶体。The 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl chloride is purified by recrystallization from 125 ml. of hot benzene 2-羟基-5-硝基苯氯化物在热的苯中重结晶纯化。(Note 7). The yield is 46 g. (69% based on p-nitrophenol) of a white product melting at 129–130°.白色产物46g(对硝基苯酚含69%)熔点129-130度

5、B. Benzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate.

A dry, 1-l., three-necked, round-bottomed flask is equipped with a magnetic stirring bar, a thermometer, and a 250-ml., pressure-equalizing dropping funnel bearing a nitrogen inlet. The flask is flushed with nitrogen and charged with 49 g.

(0.50 mole) of trans-2,4-pentadienoic acid, 80 g. (0.62 mole) of N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 300 ml. of acetone (Note 6). The resulting solution is stirred and cooled to 0° in an ice–salt bath. A solution of 55 g. (0.51 mole) of ethyl chloroformate in 150 ml. of acetone is added over 30 minutes while the temperature is maintained below 0° (Note 7). Stirring is continued for an additional 30 minutes at 0°, after which a chilled solution of 65 g. (1.0 mole) of sodium azide (Note 8) in 170 ml. of water is added over a 20-minute interval, keeping the temperature below 0°. The contents of the flask are stirred for an additional 10–15 minutes at 0° (Note 9) and poured into a 2-l. separatory funnelcontaining 500 ml. of ice-water. The acyl azide is isolated by extraction with six 250-ml. portions of toluene. The combined tolueneextracts are dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate for 20 minutes and concentrated to a volume of ca. 300 ml. on a rotary evaporator at a water bath temperature of 40–50° (Note 10). Caution! The acyl azide is potentially explosive. The solution should not be evaporated to dryness. While the toluene solution is being concentrated, a dry, 2-l., three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a 500-ml. pressure-equalizing dropping funnel, a simple distillation head, and a heating mantle is charged with 43 g. (0.40 mole) ofbenzyl alcohol, 250 mg. of 4-tert-butylcatechol (Note 11), and 200 ml. of toluene. About 30 ml. of toulene is distilled from the flask to remove trace amounts of water, and the distillation head is replaced with a condenser fitted with a nitrogen inlet. The toluene solution is stirred and heated at a rapid reflux under a nitrogen atmosphere as the toluene solution of the acyl azide is added over 30 minutes. The disappearance of the acyl azide and isocyanate is followed by IR analysis (Note 12). Conversion to the carbamate is complete in 10–30 minutes, after which the solution is cooled rapidly to room temperature by immersing the flask in an ice bath. The toluene is rapidly removed on a rotary evaporator with the water bath at 40–50°, producing a yellow solid residue (Note 13) which is dissolved in 50 ml. of 95% ethanol and allowed to crystallize in a freezer at ?25° for several hours. Two crops of pale yellow crystals, m.p. 69–72°, are isolated which total 39–46 g. after drying under reduced pressure. Concentration of the mother liquor affords an oily residue that is placed on a 6 × 80-cm. column packed with 500 g. of silica gel (Note 14) and eluted with 1:9 (v/v) ethyl acetate–hexane. An additional 11–12 g. of crystalline product is obtained from the chromatography, raising the total yield to 50–58 g. (49–57%) of nearly pure benzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate, a pale yellow solid, m.p. 70–73° (Note 15).

苄反- 1,3 - 丁二烯 -1 - 氨基甲酸。

一个干燥,1 L,配备磁性搅拌棒和温度计的250毫升三口圆底烧瓶,有压力平衡滴液漏斗轴承氮入口。烧瓶与氮冲洗后,秤取49克(0.50摩尔)的反式 -2,4 - 氨基酸,80克(0.62

摩尔)的 N ,N -二异丙基和300毫升的丙酮至烧瓶中。搅拌,在冰盐浴冷却至0℃。55克的溶液(0.51摩尔)氯甲酸乙酯150毫升,温度保持低于0 °注入,丙酮加入要超过30分钟。在0 °下继续搅拌30分钟,得到后的冷冻液65克再加入170毫升的叠氮化钠。加水超过20分钟的时间间隔,保持温度低于0 °。烧瓶的内的反应物每隔10-15分钟,在0℃搅拌,成2 L 直至分液漏斗中含有500毫升。冰水。酰基叠氮分离提取至六个250毫升瓶中。结合甲苯提取20分钟,无水硫酸镁干燥,集中到一个体积约300毫升的水浴温度40-50 °旋转蒸发器中。甲苯溶液浓缩,干燥至500毫升,加入2 L装有机械搅拌器的三口圆底烧瓶。压力平衡滴液漏斗,一个简单的蒸馏头,和一个加热地幔,得产品是43克(0.40摩尔)。苯甲醇250毫克,4 - 叔丁基邻苯二酚200毫升和甲苯约30毫升。搅拌并加热下快速回流氮气氛下,甲苯酰基叠氮的解决方案是增加了超过30分钟。其次是红外线分析酰基叠氮化物和异氰酸酯的消失。转换的氨基甲酸酯类是在10-30分钟完成,沉浸在烧瓶后,解决的办法是冰浴迅速冷却至室温。甲苯是迅速取出在40-50℃水浴旋转蒸发器上,产生一个黄色的固体残渣,50毫升。用95%的乙醇,并允许在-25 °冷冻几个小时结晶。得到的两种产物淡黄色晶体,熔点69-72 °,干燥后减压,孤立得总39-46克,。母液提供了一个油性残留物,放置在6 ×80厘米,列挤满了500克的硅胶和1:9(V / V)的洗脱乙酸乙酯 - 正己烷。从色谱中得到额外的11-12克的结晶产品,总收率提高到50-58克(49-57%),近纯苄反式 -1,3 -丁二烯- 1 -氨基甲酸酯,黄色固体,熔点70-73 °

6、

药物合成反应(闻韧_第三版)第六章课后答案

第六章 氧化反应习题及答案 1. 根据以下指定原料、试剂和反应条件,写出其合成反应的主要产物 (1) 32o CrO 3 (2) CCH 3 O SeO 2 (3) H 2CrO 4OH 3 CH(CH 3)2 丙酮 (4)HOCH 2CH 22CH=CHCO 2CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 PCC (5) CO 2CH 3 32 (6)CH 3CH 2CHCCH 2CH 3 O MnO 2 (7)CH 3CH=CHCO 2C 2H 5 CF 3CO 3H (8)(CH 3)2CHCH=CHCH=CHCH 2OH DMSO (9) O H HOH 2C 6 (10) O 222) KOH/MeOH 武汉工程大学化工与制药学院

(11) 2) NaOH COOH (12) O H 3CH 3H H 3 C H 2SO 4 (13) H 2O 2, CH 3CN 3 3 (14) KMnO 4 (15) N O 3 2

2. 在下列指定原料和产物的反应式中分别填入必需的化学试剂(或反应物)和反应条件。

(1) Cl CH 3 Cl COOH (2)PhCH=CHCH 2OH PhCH=CHCH=O (3) O (4) C H 2CO 2CH 3 H C(CH 3)2 H C H CH 2CO 2CH 3 H C H CHO (5) CH H 3CO 2C CH H 3CO 2C (6) OH OCH 3 O OCH 3 (7) 2H (8) CONH 2CH(CH 3)2 CONH 2CH(CH 3) 2O (9) OH OH (10)H 2C=CHCH(OC 2H 5)2 H 2C CHCH(OC 2H 5)2OH OH

药物合成模拟试卷3

药物合成试卷 一、名词解释 1、Williamson反应 2、Wagner-Meerwein重排 3、Gabriel(加布里尔)合成 4、活性亚甲基 5、羰基α-位碳原子的α-羟烷基化(Aldol缩合)? 二、选择题 1.在药物合成反应中,下列哪个反应不能用于制备伯胺 ( ) A Hofmann降解反应 B Beckmann重排 C Curtius重排 D Délépine反应 2.下列化合物按其与Lucas试剂作用最快的是 ( ) A. 2-丁醇 B. 2-甲基-2-丁醇 C. 2-甲基-1-丙醇 D. 2-丙醇3.“茶倍健”牙膏中含有茶多酚,但茶多酚是目前尚不能人工合成的纯天然、多功能、高效能的抗氧化剂和自由基净化剂。其中没食子儿茶素(EGC)的结构如下图所示。关于EGC的下列叙述中正确的是() A、分子中所有的原子共面 B、1molEGC与4molNaOH恰好完全反应 C、易发生加成反应,难发生氧化反应和取代反应 D、遇FeCl 3 溶液发生显色反应 4.乙醛和新制的Cu(OH)2反应的实验中,关键的操作是() A、Cu(OH)2要过量 B、NaOH溶液要过量 C、CuSO4要过量 D、使溶液pH值小于7 5.氧原子的酰化反应中常用的酰化试剂不包括() A.羧酸 B.酸酐 C.醇 D.酰胺 6.下列物质不能使酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色的是() OH

A 、 B 、 C 2H 2 C 、 CH 3 D 、 CH 3COOH 7.乙烯与氯气在光照下进行的反应是属于( ) A. 自由基取代反应 B. 自由基加成反应 C. 亲电取代反应 D. 亲核取代反应 8.常见有机反应类型有以下几种,其中可能在有机分子中新产生羟基的反应类型有( ) ①取代反应 ②加成反应 ③消去反应 ④酯化反应 ⑤加聚反应 ⑥缩聚反应⑦氧化反应 ⑧还原反应 A 、①②③④ B 、⑤⑥⑦⑧ C 、①②⑦⑧ D 、③④⑤⑥ 9.不饱和烃和卤素的加成反应的影响因素有( ) ①烯烃结构 ②不同的卤素 ③催化剂 ④位阻 ⑤卤加成的重排反应 A 、①②③④ B 、①②③⑤ C 、①②④⑤ D 、①③④⑤ 10.比较下列化合物卤化反应时的反应速率( ) CH 3 Cl NO 2 A. a >b > d >c B. b >d >a >c C. b >c >a >d D. d >b >c >a 三、判断题 1.在协同反应过程中,若有两个或两个以上的化学键破裂和形成时,都必须相互协调地在同一步骤中完成。( ) 2. 催化剂、反应物、试剂和氢供体在两项或多项中反应,催化剂自成一相,称

药物合成反应(第三版)第二章课后翻译

第二章课后翻译 Preparation of cyclopropane 1,1- dicarboxylic acid环丙烷1,1-二甲酸的制备(1). To a 1-L solution of aqueous 50% sodium hydroxide(Note 1), mechanically stirred in a 2-L, three-necked flask, was added, at 25°C, 114.0 g (0.5 mol) of triethylbenzylammonium chloride(TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵)(Note 2).1L的50%氢氧化钠加入到2L的三口烧瓶中,加入TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵114.0g(0.5mol)在25℃机械搅拌。To this vigorously stirred suspension was added a mixture of 80.0 g (0.5 mol) of diethyl malonate and 141.0 g (0.75 mol) of 1,2-dibromoethane all at once.充分搅拌至混悬状,一次性加入丙二酸二乙酯80.0g(0.5mol)和1,2-二溴乙烷141.0个(0.75mol)的混合物。The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for 2 hr (Note 3).反应混合物强烈搅拌2小时。The contents of the flask were transferred to a 4-L Erlenmeyer flask by rinsing the flask with three 75-mL portions of water.把烧瓶中的物质转移到4L的锥形瓶中,并用75ml清水洗涤烧瓶三次。The mixture was magnetically stirred by dropwise addition of 1 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid.混合物在磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加浓盐酸。The temperature of the flask was maintained between 15 and 25°C during acidification. 在酸化过程中烧瓶内的温度保持在15-25℃之间。The aqueous layer was poured into a 4-L separatory funnel and extracted three times with 900 mL of ether.反应物的水层在4L的分液漏斗中用900ml乙醚分三次萃取。The aqueous layer was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted three times with 500 mL of ether.水层用氯化钠饱和,并且用500ml乙醚分三次萃取。The ether layers were combined, washed with 1 L of brine, dried (MgSO4), and decolorized with activated carbon.合并乙醚液,用浓盐水洗涤,干燥,用活性炭脱色。Removal of the solvent by rotary evaporation gave 55.2 g of a semisolid residue.用旋转蒸发器出去溶剂得55.2g的半固体。The residue was triturateed with 100 mL of benzene.残渣用100ml苯磨碎。Filtration of this mixture gave 43.1–47.9 g (66–73%) of 1 as white crystals, mp 137–140°C.过滤的混合物为43.1-47.9g(66–73%)白色晶体熔点137–140°C Preparation of mesitaldehyde (2,4,6- trimethyl benzaldehyde) 2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛的制备 A solution of 72 g. (0.60 mole) of mesitylene in 375 ml. of dry methylene chloride is placed in a 1-l. three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a dropping funnel. 72g (0.60mol)的1,3,5-三甲基苯和无水的二氯甲烷放入配有冷凝回流、搅拌和滴液漏斗装置的三口烧瓶中。The solution is cooled in an ice bath, and 190 g. (110 ml., 1.0 mole) of titanium tetrachloride is added over a period of 3 minutes. 在冰浴的条件下,在三分钟内滴加190g (110ml,1.0mol)的四氯化钛。While the solution is stirred and cooled, 57.5 g. (0.5 mole) of dichloromethyl methyl ether 2 is added dropwise over a 25-minute period.之后再冰浴和搅拌下,在25分钟内滴加57.5g(0.5mol)滴加二氯甲基甲醚。The reaction begins (as indicated by evolution of hydrogen chloride) when the first drop of chloro ether is added. 当开始滴加氯代醚,则反应开始(有氯化氢放出)After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes in the ice bath, for 30 minutes without cooling, and for 15 minutes at 35°.在滴加完成后,混合物在冰浴下搅拌5分钟,移开冰浴反应30分钟,再在35℃下反应15分钟。 Th e reaction mixture is poured into a separatory funnel containing about 0.5 kg. of crushed ice and is shaken thoroughly.反应混合物移入分液漏斗,并加0.5kg的碎冰,充分振摇。The organic layer is separated, and the aqueous solution is extracted with two 50- ml. portions of

药物合成反应期末试题

08级试题 一、填空7 1.药物合成反应的特点之一是具有较高的反应选择性,主要体现在如下三方面 选择性、 选择性、 选择性。 2.不对称烯烃与卤化氢的加成反应方向与其加成反应机理及卤化氢种类有关,此类加成反应机理大致分两类,即 加成、 加成,反应遵循马氏规则的是 加成;而当卤化氢为 时发生反马氏规则加成反应。 二、选择5 1.化学药品生产中最常见的反应器为 。 A.塔式反应器 B.釜式反应器 C.流化床反应器 D.管式反应器 2.下列试剂中属于亲核试剂的是 。 A.RO · B.C+ C.RNH 2 D.AlCl 3 3.下列醇中与HX 易发生S N 1卤置换反应的是 。 A.ROH B.R 2CHOH C.R 3COH D.CH 3OH 4.下列自由基稳定性最强的是 。 A.RCH 2· B.H 3C · C.ArCH 2· D.H 2C=CH —CH 2· 5.生成醚的反应是 。 A.Gabriel 反应 B.Williamson 反应 C.Delepine 反应 D.F-C反应 三、判断正误4 1.S N 1反应会导致卤代产物构型翻转。( ) 2.羰基α-H表现出一定的酸性,易被卤素或烃基取代。( ) 3.酚的酸性比醇强,因此酚的O-烃化反应比醇更容易。( ) 4.路易斯碱常被用于Friedel —Crafts 反应的催化剂。( ) 四、简答2 1.活化导向基 2.Phase Transfer Catalysis Reaction 五、完成反应式(填充反应条件或产物)2 1. C H 3CH 3 Cl 2CH 2Cl 2/0℃ C H 3CH 3 2. △ Me2CHCH2CH2Br NaOEt/EtOH Me2CHCH2CH2 Et C(COOEt)2CH2(COOEt)2

药物合成反应课后翻译.

1、 About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约 216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应,假如滴加的酮不能被分散,就会变黑或是碳化。When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加,反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时,改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而,速度不能太快,当反应温度超过180℃时。Near the end of the addition, the mass becomes molten and can be stirred easily without being either heated or cooled. The molten mass, in which the acetophenone is complexed with aluminum chloride, ranges in color from tan to brown.当快滴加完时,团块开始融化,表明苯乙酰已经和三氯化铝混合完全,颜色也逐渐从黄褐色变为棕色。 Bromine (128 g., 0.80 mole) is added dropwise to the well-stirred mixture over a period of 40 minutes (Note 4). 在40分钟内在搅拌下把溴缓慢滴加到混合物中。After all the bromine has been added, the molten mixture is stirred at 80–85° on a steam bath for 1 hour.溴滴加完后,熔融混合物在80-85℃蒸气浴下搅拌1小时。The complex is added in portions to a well-stirred mixture of 1.3 l. of cracked ice and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a 2-l. beaker (Note 6).反应物加入到1.3L碎冰和100ml浓盐酸的混合物中在2L的烧杯中混合均匀。Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reaction flask to decompose whatever part of the reaction mixture remains there, and the resulting mixture is added to the beaker.把部分的冰水层加入到烧瓶中洗涤残留物,然后合并到烧杯中。The dark oil that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. portions of ether 分四次把深色的油从混合物中用150ml萃取出来。The extracts are combined, washed consecutively with 100 ml. of water and 100 ml. of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and transferred to a short-necked distillation flask. 合并萃取液,用100ml 水和100ml 5%的小苏打洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥。The ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and crude 3-bromoacetophenone is stripped from a few

药物合成反应习题集

《药物合成技术》 习题集 适用于制药技术类专业 第一章概论 一、本课程的学习内容和任务是什么?学好本课程对从事药物及其中间体合成工作有何意义? 二、药物合成反应有哪些特点?应如何学习和掌握? 三、什么是化学、区域选择性?举例说明。 四、什么是导向基?具体包括哪些类型?举例说明。 五、药物合成反应有哪些分类方法?所用试剂有哪些分类方法?举例说明。 六、查资料写一篇500字左右的短文,报道药物合成领域的新技术及发展动态? 第二章卤化技术(Halogenation Reaction) 一、简答下列问题 1.何为卤化反应?按反应类型分类,卤化反应可分为哪几种?并举例说明。 2.在药物合成中,为什么常用卤化物作为药物合成的中间体? 3.在较高温度或自由基引发剂存在下,于非极性溶剂中,Br 2 和NBS都可用于烯丙位和苄位的溴取代,试比较它们各自的优缺点。 4.比较X 2 、HX、HOX对双键离子型加成的机理、产物有何异同,为什么? 5.解释卤化氢与烯烃加成反应中,产生马氏规则的原因(用反应机理)。为什么Lewis酸能够催化该反应? 6.解释溴化氢与烯烃加成反应中,产生过氧化效应的原因? 7.在羟基卤置换反应中,卤化剂(HX、SOCl 2、PCl 3 、PCl 5 )各有何特点,它们的 使用范围如何? 二、完成下列反应 三、为下列反应选择合适的试剂和条件,并说明原因。 四、分析讨论 1.试预测下列各烯烃溴化(Br 2/CCl 4 )的活性顺序。

2.在乙胺嘧啶中间体对氯氯苄的制备中,有如下两条路线,各有何特点?试讨论其优缺点。 3.以下是三种制备溴乙烷的方法,其中哪种适合工业生产,哪种适合实验室制备? 4.在氯霉素生产过程中,对-硝基-α-溴代苯乙酮的制备时, (1)反应有无催化剂?若有,属于哪种催化剂? (2)将对硝基苯乙酮与溶于氯苯中,加热至24-25℃,滴加少量溴,当有HBr生成并使反应液变色则可继续加溴,否则需升温至50℃直至反应开始方可继续滴加溴,为什么? (3)反应毕开大真空排净溴化氢,反应过程中溴化氢也不断移走,是不是移得越净越有利于反应?为什么? (4)生产过程中,影响因素有哪些? 第三章烷基化技术 (Hydrocarbylation Reaction ,Alkylation) 一、解释概念及简答 1.常用的烃化剂有哪些?进行甲基化及乙基化时,应选择哪些烃化剂?引入较大烃基时应选用哪些烃化剂? 2.什么叫相转移催化反应?其原理是什么?采用相转移催化技术有什么优点? 3.利用Gabriel反应与Delepine反应制备伯胺时,有什么相同与不同点? 4.什么是羟乙基化反应?在药物合成中有什么特别的意义? 5.进行F-C烃化反应时,芳香族化合物结构、卤代烃对反应有何影响?常用哪些催化剂?如何选择合适的催化剂。 6.若在活性亚甲基上引入两个烃基,应如何选择原料和操作方法?并解释原因。 二、利用Williamson法制混合醚时,应合理选择起始原料及烃化试剂,试设计下列产品的合成方法,并说明原因,掌握其中的规律。 三、完成下列反应 四、为下列反应选择适当的原料、试剂和条件,并说明依据。 五、利用所给的原料,综合所学知识合成下列产品 1.以甲苯、环氧乙烷、二乙胺为主要原料,选择适当的试剂和条件合成局麻药盐酸普鲁卡因。 2.以乙苯为主要原料,选择适当的试剂和条件合成氯霉素中间体对硝基-α-胺基

药物合成反应(第三版)第三章课后翻译

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