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新标准大学英语教程2课后习题

Unit 1 College Culture

Active reading (1)

Reading and understanding

2 Check (?) the true statements.

In the 1960s ...

1 students at the University of California, Berkeley did not protest.

2 students in Europe and the US spent a lot of time protesting.

3 there was violence on university campuses in Europe.

4 students and workers went on strike together in France.

5 the UK Prime Minister had to resign because of student protests.

6 students discovered a sense of freedom on campus.

In the UK today ...

7 more young people than ever go to university.

8 most students fail to complete their studies.

9 international students are more interested in lifestyle than quality of courses.

10 students need their parents for financial help.

11 students don’t contact their pa rents as often as they used to.

12 students don’t enjoy university life as much as they used to.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 a subject that people discuss or argue about (issue)

2 a chance to do something (opportunity)

3 the most important and powerful people in the country (establishment)

4 an area of land containing all the main buildings of a university (campus)

5 something such as a meeting or public statement by people who strongly disagree with a policy, law etc (protest)

6 to start a major activity (launch)

7 chances of success, especially in a job or a career (prospects)

8 work that you are paid regularly to do for a person or company (employment)

4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.

What are the most important (1) issues for students today? Is the university (2) campus really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago? Perhaps, as the passage suggests, there are fewer (3) protests by students against the (4) establishment than there used to be. And of course, improving your (5) prospects of being competitive in the (6) employment market is a major concern for students everywhere, since a good university degree is the means by which you can (7) launch your career. But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where you have the (8) opportunity to learn to think for yourself.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 There were fights between police and protestors outside the US Embassy. (clashes)

2 The two parties formed a temporary political arrangement to respond to the problem. (alliance)

3 I’ve always considered myself as someone who is tolerant of other people’s ideas. (liberal)

4 The chief official of an American state has a lot of power. (governor)

5 The financial situation of Western European countries rapidly improved in the 1960s. (economy)

6 The 1960s were associated with a new type of popular music. (characterized)

7 Mark left college without finishing the course and joined a rock band. (dropped out)

8 For many people, listening to their music was an experience which made them feel free.

(liberating)

9 For some people, an interest in politics went hand in hand with a strong enthusiasm for music. (passion)

6 Answer the questions about the words.

1 If you are in a haze, are you likely to see (a) clearly, or (b) not very clearly?

2 In an atmosphere of political radicalism, will students be (a) active, or (b) not very active?

3 Is a dissident someone (a) who works for the government, or (b) who disagrees publicly with the government?

4 If you are apathetic about something, are you (a) interested in it, or (b) not interested in it at all?

5 Is a heady atmosphere likely to be (a) boring, or (b) exciting?

6 If a gap shrinks, does it (a) get smaller, or (b) get bigger?

7 If students are umbilically linked to their parents, are they (a) often, or (b) not very often in touch with them?

8 Is a feeling of bliss one of (a) great sadness, or (b) great pleasure?

Reading and interpreting

7 Answer the questions.

1 Which is the main idea about students in the 1960s?

(a) They smoked marijuana.

(b) They took part in protests.

(d) They enjoyed their time at university.

2 Which is the main idea about students today?

(a) They spend a lot of time in Internet chat rooms.

(b) They don’t have the enthusiasm for college life that they used to.

(d) They are very dependent on their parents.

Active reading (2)

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best answer to the questions.

1 Why did Frank Thomas decide to study literary theory?

(a) Because it was necessary for his chosen career.

(b) Because he thought it would help him understand what life was about.

(d) Because it was an easy option.

2 What part of his course interested him most?

(a) Postmodernism.

(b) Legal studies.

(d) Nothing, he was bored all the time.

3 What does Frank not say about “postmodernism”?

(a) It’s difficult to say what it is.

(b) You can use it to describe lots of things.

(d) Only young people are interested in it.

4 What does he think about his own generation?

(a) They protest about the wrong things.

(b) They have more opportunities than the previous generation.

(d) They don’t have any respect for their parents.

5 What does he think about his parents’ generation?

(a) They protested about the wrong things.

(b) They don’t want to change anything in the world.

(d) They spend too much time telling their children about what they did.

6 Where, according to Frank, do today’s students direct their energy?

(a) In peaceful protests.

(b) In the courses they are doing.

(d) In free time activities on campus.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to oppose someone in authority, or to oppose accepted ways of doing things (rebel)

2 a period of time that has a particular quality or character (era)

3 damage that is so severe that something stops existing or can never return to its normal state (destruction)

4 the fact of being either male or female (gender)

5 to claim that you have the right to do something or behave in a particular way (assert)

6 a system of beliefs that influences someone’s decisions and behaviour (philosophy)

7 relating to industry (industrial)

4 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.

A What was it like being a student in the 1960s? Was everyone really trying to (1) rebel against the establishment?

B Perhaps not. Perhaps we were just trying to (2) assert our identity in a world which was changing very rapidly. Looking back on the period now, it seems like a different (3) era, even though it was only about 50 years ago. And I honestly believe that the 1960s saw the most important social changes in our country since the (4) Industrial Revolution at the beginning of the 19th century.

A Bu t how would you describe the experience? Was there a “(5) philosophy of the 1960s” , I mean a set of shared values, which you all believed in? How would you define the period?

B I don’t think an exact definition is possible. But a lot of important movement s began. We became interested in things like minority rights; and (6) gender awareness, particularly with regard to the conditions of women in the workplace, led to a new phase in the women’s liberation movement.

A What’s your opinion of today’s students? Are they just individuals who have their own problems, or do they have an identity as an important part of the community?

B A lot of people in my generation have a negative attitude to today’s students. But they are worried about the big issues, just as we were. And the main problem that they are interested in is a truly global one: how to stop the (7) destruction of the environment in which we live.

5 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If something clicks, do you (a) suddenly understand, or (b) suddenly forget?

2 Is a repressive government likely to (a) take action, or (b) not take action against protestors?

3 If you sign a petition, do you (a) add your name to a list, or (b) write your name in a book?

4 If you chant a slogan, do you use (a) your voice, or (b) your pen?

5 Do you wear a bracelet (a) on your foot, or (b) on your wrist?

6 Does a nostalgic person think a lot about (a) the past, or (b) the future?

7 If you feel frustration, are you (a) satisfied, or (b) not satisfied?

8 If a revolution is profound, is it (a) not very important, or (b) serious and likely to last? Reading and interpreting

6 Decide whether the sentences are critical or approving of today’s students.

1 We watch death and destruction on the evening news every day. (critical)

2 We have no way to describe our political commitment. (critical)

3 We’re the generation of the Che Guevara T-shirt. (critical)

4 The real energy is not on the campus, it’s on the Internet. (approving or critical)

5 We rebel by not rebelling. (critical or approving)

6 We’re writing the revolution, and we’re using our own words to do so. (approving)

7 Look at the sentences from the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences.

1 We rebel by not rebelling means (b) .

(a) We don’t rebel at all

(b) we do rebel, but not in the way students did in the 1960s

2 … almost by definition it can’t be defined means (b) .

(a) there is no definition for postmodernism

(b) everybody uses postmodernism to mean a different thing

Language in use

word formation: -ment and -ism

1 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets and the suffix -ment or -ism.

1 What is the government going to do about this problem? (govern)

2 Postmodernism refers to a contemporary way of thinking, and is not easy to define. (postmodern)

3 Post-war economic development led to the creation of new universities in the 1960s. (develop)

4 We must combat money worship and extreme individualism. (individual)

5 The two groups discussed for a long time, but couldn’t reach an agreement. (agree)

6 The best investment we can make for the future is to provide opportunities for the younger generation. (invest)

7 Sexism is the belief that men and women should be treated differently. (sex)

8 The romanticism of Wordsworth is evident in his poem on the French Revolution. (romantic) so / neither / nor + inversion

2 Rrewrite the sentences using so / neither / nor + inversion.

1 The world has changed a lot since the 1960s. Universities have changed a lot, too.

The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities.

2 I really enjoyed my years at university. Jackie also enjoyed the time she spent at university.

I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie.

3 Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students. Another major problem is organizing one’s time on campus.

Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one’s time on campus.

4 I’m thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature. Li Ming is thinking of going, too. I’m thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming.

5 I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years. In my opinion the teaching has also got better.

I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching.

6 We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and it’s the same for everyone else on campus. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus.

7 I’m not very interested in politics. My friends aren’t either.

I’m not very interested in politics, nor are my friends.

8 I won’t be doing much tonight. My roommate won’t be doing much either.

I won’t be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate.

mean

3 Rewrite the sentences using mean .

1 When you start out at college you meet lots of interesting people.

Starting out at college means meeting lots of interesting people.

2 If you go to bed too late you won’t be able to concentrate the next day.

Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day.

3 When you do a course in Lit Theory you spend a lot of time on difficult subjects.

Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects.

4 To be interested in literature is to have an open mind about other ways of life.

Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life.

5 To protest against the Vietnam War in the 1960s you went out onto the streets.

Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets.

6 When you go to college today you spend a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.

Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards.

4 Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.

在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会

主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

2 These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it’s true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).

现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010 年让50％的30 岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。

3 I never hoped to understand the nature of my generation or how American colleges are changing by going to Lit Theory classes. This is the class where you look cool, a bit sleepy from too many late nights and wearing a T-shirt with some ironic comment such as “Been there, done that and yes, this IS the T-shirt”.

我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿，穿着一件T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件T 恤衫”，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。

4 We’re a generation that comes from what has been called the short century (1914–1989), at the end of a century of war and revolution which changed civilizations, overthrew repressive governments, and left us with extraordinary opportunities and privilege, more than any generation before.

我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989），生于其后期。这个世纪充满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。

5 Translate the sentences into English.

1 政府采取的一系列措施不但没有化解矛盾，反倒激起更多的暴力冲突。反对党联合工会发动了一次

大罢工，最终导致政府的垮台。(give rise to; form an alliance with; launch; bring about)

Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government.

2 如今，大学与现实世界的距离越来越小，学生也变得越来越实际。从前，大学是一个象牙塔，学者追求的是学问本身而不是把学问作为达到目的的手段，但这样的时代已经一去不复返了。(shrink; gone are the days; a means to an end)

Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end.

3 我从未指望靠上课来学好这门课。但我确实去听课，因为在课上我能了解这门课的重点，学会如何组织材料、如何推理。(hope; the place where)

I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason.

4 我一直想方设法解决这个难题，但就是找不到满意的答案。可是当我去厨房喝饮料的时候，我突然间灵机一动，意识到解决问题的方法实际上可能很简单。(work out; click)

Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple.

Unit 2 Mixed Feelings

Active reading (1)

1 Decide whether the feelings or actions described below are a result of sympathy or empathy .

1 sending a card to someone who is in hospital (sympathy)

2 feeling happy because your friend has won a scholarship to a prestigious university (empathy)

3 trying to comfort someone who has had bad news (sympathy)

4 reacting physically when you see that someone is in pain (empathy)

5 collecting money to help the victims of a natural disaster (sympathy)

6 crying at the end of a film (empathy)

2 Check (?) the statements about babies which you think are true.

1 Babies don’t feel emotions.

2 They only cry when they are hungry or in pain.

3 They cry when other babies cry.

4 They have a strong feeling that they exist as individuals.

5 They are jealous of other babies.

6 They sometimes try to help other babies.

Reading and understanding

3 Answer the questions.

1 What did Hope do when she saw another baby fall?

Tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother.

2 Why did Michael give his teddy bear to Paul?

He did it to comfort Paul.

3 Who observed and recorded these actions?

The babies’ mothers observed and recorded these actions.

4 When do psychologists believe that humans begin to experience empathy?

They believe that humans begin to experience empathy virtually from the day they are born.

5 Which example shows that babies sometimes don’t realize they aren’t the ones who are suffering?

The example of babies who imitate the distress of someone else.

6 When was the word empathy first used in English to describe such reactions?

The word empathy was first used in English in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener.

7 Why was the word sympathy not appropriate?

It is not appropriate because sympathy is felt for the general plight of another with no sharing of what that other person is feeling; empathy means actually sharing or imagining another person’s feelings.

8 At what age do children start to distinguish other people’s feelings from their own?

Around two and a half, children start to distinguish other people’s feelings from their ow n.

9 How can parents increase feelings of empathy in their children?

They can increase feelings of empathy in children by calling strong attention to the distress

their

misbehavior caused someone else.

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words for actions in the box with their definitions.

1 to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur (stroke)

2 to move along the ground on your hands and knees (crawl)

3 to copy someone’s actions, words or behaviour (imitate)

4 to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them (pat) Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.

(a) My father patted me on the head to show he was pleased with me.

(b) Children learn a lot by imitating their parents.

(d) She was sitting quietly in the corner, stroking the cat.

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 Empathy and sympathy are two seperate emotions. (distinct)

2 Very small children often get upset when they hear another child crying. (Infants)

3 Young children often feel kind towards someone who is hurt or sad and try and help them. (sympathetic)

4 Perhaps nearly all our adult emotions originate from experiences in early childhood. (stem from)

5 I can discover the origins of some parts of my personality in the rules of behaviour my parents decided to give me. (trace; discipline)

6 A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have a general impression that I often felt

a vague sense of worry and sadness. (an overall; distress)

A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a

vague sense of distress.

6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If tears well up in your eyes, do they (a) begin to appear, or (b) pour out of your eyes?

2 Is a security blanket something children (a) keep with them to feel safe and comfortable, or (b) keep on their beds to stop them from falling out?

3 Is virtually used to emphasize that something is (a) almost always completely true, or (b) sometimes true?

4 Is a precursor of something likely to come (a) before it, or (b) after it?

5 Is a developmental psychologist likely to study the behaviour of (a) animals, or (b) children and young people?

6 Motor mimicry is a technical term. Does it refer to (a) the attraction small children feel towards machines, or (b) the spontaneous imitation of other children’s actions?

7 Does the word plight refer to (a) a difficult situation, or (b) a comfortable situation?

8 Does the phrase toddler’s repertoire refer to (a) a series of things that small children typically do, or

(b) a pile of toys that small children enjoy playing with?

9 If someone tunes out, do they (a) become interested, or (b) stop paying attention?

Reading and interpreting

7 Check (?) the main ideas in the passage.

1 Empathy and sympathy are not the same thing.

2 Children need to have a teddy bear or security blanket at all times.

3 Small children seem to feel other children’s pain and discomfort.

4 Parents can be trained to become efficient observers of their children.

5 Between the age of two and three children lose some of their empathic reactions.

6 Girls tend to be more empathic than boys.

7 Children can be encouraged by parents to be more empathic.

8 It is important to tell children when they are being naughty.

Now decide which main idea is supported by all the examples.

3 Small children seem to feel other children’s pain and discomfort.

Active reading (2)

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.

1 When Sandy meets new people at a party she feels (c) .

(a) embarrassed (b) excited (c) amused (d) worried

2 Her friends (b) that she is deaf.

(a) don’t like to say (b) begin by saying (c) never say (d) forget to say

3 Sandy (b) her pink hearing aid.

(a) tries to hide (b) likes to show (c) is worried about (d) is embarrassed about

4 She thinks her hearing aid is (d) .

(a) too expensive (b) a problem to wear

5 Sandy lost her hearing (c) .

(a) at school (b) at birth (c) in a car accident (d) when a bomb exploded

6 When she became deaf she found (c) .

(a) her life became difficult (b) she developed other skills

7 She likes Colin because he (b) .

(a) has a nice smile (b) is attractive (c) offers her a drink (d) doesn’t ask questions

8 Colin and Sandy start going out together (c) .

(a) the same night (b) the next day (c) a week later (d) two months later

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 morally good and deserving respect (honorable)

2 something unusual or exciting that happens (drama)

3 to smile in a very obvious way (beam)

4 a book containing pictures and information about things you can buy (catalog)

5 the loudness of a sound from a television, radio etc (volume)

6 to twist or tie rope or string together in a particular way (knot)

7 a long low comfortable seat that two or three people can sit on (couch)

8 a small object that holds something in position (clip)

9 usually, most of the time or in most situations (mostly)

5 Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

This is Sandy is an extract from Tone, a story about the life of a deaf girl. She thinks her friends are (1) honorable people who (2) beam with pride when they introduce her to someone new. When people find out she is deaf they are (3) mostly shocked for a moment at first but pretend not to be.

Sandy says that the hearing aids she saw in a (4) catalog are great fashion accessories, they’re just like a (5) clip you put onto your ear. Sandy likes to show her hearing aid. She doesn’t tie her hair up in a (6) knot but she tucks it behind her ears. Sandy’s friend Carol introduces her to a boy called Colin at a party. They sit together on a (7) couch and Colin realizes that Sandy can understand what he is saying by reading his lips. Someone turns up the (8) volume of the music and they dance together. Soon they are dating. This is when the real (9) drama begins.

6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If someone lets on about something, do they (a) give someone permission to do something, or (b) tell someone something that is usually secret?

2 Is an accessory (a) something like a piece of jewellery that you wear to make your clothes look nice, or (b) something you carry or wear that you need?

3 Does exquisitely mean (a) in a way that shows excellent judgement, or (b) in an extreme way?

4 If people gush, do they (a) express enthusiasm, or (b) keep quiet?

5 If someone is hearing-impaired, do they (a) totally lose their hearing ability, or (b) have difficulty hearing?

6 A traditional meaning of stud is a male horse used to breed babies. In the informal use, do you think it refers to an (a) attractive, or (b) unattractive young man?

7 If you pick up a skill, do you acquire it (a) casually or by chance, or (b) by having lessons?

8 If someone ups the music, do they make it (a) quieter, or (b) louder?

9 Does the writer mean by in sober daylight (a) when it was not dark, and not a party, or (b) in the daytime when they were no longer drunk?

Language in use

word formation: -ant and -ancy

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy .

1 About 800,000 illegal immigrants enter the US every year. (immigrate)

2 She says her dream is to be one of the contestants on a TV reality show like “Big Brother”. (contest)

3 I wa nt to get a job as a teacher, but there aren’t many vacancies at the moment. (vacant)

4 I have a friend who runs a management consultancy in London. (consult)

5 The trial lasted three days, during which time the defendant never opened her mouth. (defend)

6 Mel can’t make his mind up about anything. His hesitancy is a bit worrying. (hesitant)

7 I don’t know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the attendant over there. (attend)

8 A normal pregnancy lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant)

9 He worked as an assistant headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)

word formation: mis-

2 Answer the questions and check with your dictionary if necessary.

1 What happens if you don’t understand something properly?

You misunderstand it.

2 What have you done with something if it’s in the wrong place ?

You have misplaced it.

3 What is the opposite of good fortune?

It is misfortune.

4 If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone’s character, what have you done?

You have made a misjudgement.

5 If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened?

You have been misinformed about it.

by the time

3 Rewrite the sentences using by the time .

1 I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left.

By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.

2 At the age of two, children know about 100 words.

By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.

3 In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help.

By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.

4 When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.

By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.

5 Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school.

By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.

6 Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed.

By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed. as if / as though

4 Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though.

1 I didn’t make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me.

The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.

2 The girl didn’t fall over, but she start ed crying.

The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.

3 It wasn’t Lucy’s party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone.