常用词语辨析
常用词语辨析（3）
1. accuse charge
―accuse‖和―charge‖都可作―指控‖解。―accuse‖的宾语是表示被指控的人的词语，后面再接介词―of‖和表示所指控的过失或罪行的词语；例如：The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他犯了谋杀罪。―charge‖的宾语是表示被指控的人的词语，后面再接介词―with‖和表示所指控的过失或罪行的词语；例如：The police charged him with murder. 警方指控他犯了谋杀罪。
2. admit admit of
―admit‖作―承认，供认，招认‖解，后接名词、动名词或―that‖引起的宾从句；例如：He never admits his mistakes. / He never admits that he is wrong. / He admitted (to) breaking the window. ―admit of‖的意思是―容许有；有余地‖；例如：This matter admits of no excuse. 这事不容原谅。The facts admit of no other explanation. 事实不容作其他解释。
3. a gree on agree to agree with
―agree on‖的意思是―商定，达成协议‖；例如：We agreed on a price for the car.
―agree with‖作―与…持相同意见，与…持一致看法‖解，后接人称代词、名词或动名词，如―a suggestion‖，―an argument‖，―a statement‖，―a practice‖，―a proposal‖等作其宾语；例如：I agree with you on that point. / I agree with your argument. / I don‘t agree with buying children expensive presents. ―agree with‖还作―与…相同，与…相符，与…一致‖解；例如：Your story agrees with his in everything except for small details. ―agree with‖后接表示天气、气候、食物等的名词，作―适宜于健康‖解，常用于否定句；例如：I never eat pork; it does not agree with me. The fruit did not agree with me—now I have got a pain in my stomach. 这水果对我不适宜；我现在感到胃痛。
―agree to‖表示―同意计划、提议、安排、日程表等‖；例如：He agreed to my idea. 他接受了我的意见。Do you agree to this arrangement?
4. alone lonely
―alone‖用作形容词，意思是―独自的，单独‖，只作表语；例如：She read a lot when she‘s alone. 用作副词，意为―仅仅，只‖，用在名词或代词的后面；例如：She alone must decide what to do. / It‘s Jane, and Jane alone, who can help you out of the mess. 以―a-‖开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作前置定语；例如：All the hostages on the plane are alive and well. / The children were asleep at 7, but now they‘re awake.
―lonely‖作形容词，意思是―孤独的，寂寞的‖；例如：When his wife died, he was very lonely.
试比较下列句中―alone‖和―lonely‖的词义：You can be alone without being lonely. / The few people on the streets were alone and seemed lonely. 街上那几个人孤零零的，显得冷清寂寞。
5.alternate alternative
―alternate‖用作形容词，意思是―每两者之一的；交替的，轮流的‖；用作动词，作―（使）交替；（使）轮流‖解；―alternately‖是副词；例如：He works on alternate days. 他隔天工作。
His life alternated between work and sleep. 他的生活就是工作完了睡觉，睡完觉又工作。The hiker alternately walked and jogged. 徒步旅行者时而步行时而慢跑。
―alternative‖用作形容词，意思是―两者择一的；可替换的‖；用作名词，意思是―二中挑一；取舍；抉择‖；―alternatively‖是副词；例如：We returned by an alternative road. 我们是从另一条路回来的。There are several alternatives to your plan. 对于你的计划，有好几种
可供选择的方案。You should go by ship or alternatively by rail. 你应该乘船走，或乘火车去。
6. (just) as A. . . , so B. . .
―(just) as A . . . , so B . . .‖的意思是―象A那样，B也就…‖，―随着A…, B也就…‖；例如：As you like music, so I like poetry. / As prices rise, so the demand for higher wages will increase.
在以―so‖引起的主语从句中, 还可以产生省略, 以及主语和谓语倒置；例如：As you sow, so will you reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere.
7. a s for as to
―as for‖和―as to‖位于句首，意为―至于…‖，表示轻蔑之意；例如：A s for my past, I‘m not telling you anything. 至于我的过去，我什么也不会告诉你。As to (dong) that, I haven‘t decided yet. 至于（办）那件事，我尚未决定。但是，―as to‖作―关于…‖解，用作名词的后置定语，―as for‖则不能；例如：There was some question as to his honesty. 关于他的诚实，还有一些疑问。句中的―as to‖不能用―as for‖代替。
―as to‖回指前面提到过的事物或问题；例如：As to your second question, I am afraid I can give you no information at the moment. ―as for‖引出新的人或事物；例如：You can have a bed, but as for the children, they‘ll have to sleep on the floor. 你可以有一张床睡觉，至于孩子们，就只好睡地铺了。
8. A is as good as or better than B
A is as good as, if not better than, B
―A is as good as or better than B‖作―A和B一样好或比B更好‖解；例如：The facilities of the older hospital are as good as or better than those of the new hospital.
―A is as good as, if not better than, B‖作―A 即使没有B好，也和B 一样好‖解；例如：Anne‘s work is as good as, if not better than, ours.
9. a s it is (was) as they are (were) as it were
―as it is (was)‖和―as they are (were)‖位于句末，意思是―照旧, 照原样, 照实际情况, 如实地‖；例如：State the facts as they are. 如实陈述事实。You mustn‘t go to the p arty as you are.
―as it is (was)‖位于句首，意思是―照目前（当时）的情况；事实上；既然如此‖；例如：As it is, we can hardly get to the station by 7 o‘clock. 照目前情况，我们很难七点到达火车站。I hope things would get better, but as it is they are getting worse. 我希望情况会好，但实际上越来越糟。To some extent, in some degree
―as it were‖可位于句中，也可位于句末，意思是―可以说, 似乎就是, 在某种程度上‖；
例如：He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. 可以说他是一部活字典。He is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 他是我最好的朋友，可以说是我的莫逆知交。
10. a s much again as much much as as much as
―as much again‖的意思是―同样多的‖，―同样的事物‖；例如：Give me as much again. 再给我这么多。That wasn‘t much; I could eat as much again. 那不算多，我还能吃这么多。
―as much‖作―同样数量；同样的事；这一点（指上文提到的情况）‖解；例如：He has $50 with him, and I have as much. 他身边有五十美元，我也有这么些。Don‘t thank me; I would do as much for anyone. 不要谢我，即使为别人我也会这么做的。
―much as‖是连接词，意思是―虽然很…‖；例如：Much as I want to, I can‘t come.,虽然我很想来，但我没法来。
―as much as‖作―和…在同样的程度；象…那么多；实际上‖解；例如：I love you as much as he does. 我同他一样爱你。Any tourist wants to see as much as possible the country he is visiting. 任何旅游者都想尽可能充分地在他所访问的国家观光。He as much as admitted that he was a failure. 他实际上已承认自己是个失败者。
11. at one time at a time at the time at all times at times at no time in no time
all the time for the time being
―at one time‖的意思是―从前有个时期，曾经‖；例如：At one time we worked together with them.
―at a time‖作―每次，一次‖解；例如：People came in two at a time.
―at the time‖的意思是―在…的时候‖；例如：I told you at the time that I thought you were being foolish. 我当时就对你说过，我认为你是装糊涂。
―at all times‖作―无论何时，一直‖解；例如：We should be ready at all times to smash the enemy‘s attacks.
―at times‖的意思是―有时, 不时‖；例如：At times I feel that I want to leave this job.
―at no time‖的意思是―在任何时候都不, 决不‖。位于句首时, 句子的主语和谓语要倒装；例如：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
―all the time‖的意思是―一直, 始终‖；例如：They were laughing all the time.
―for the time being‖作―暂时, 眼下‖解；例如：I‘ll let you keep the book for the time being, but I‘ll want it back next week. 这本书我暂时借给你，下星星期可要还我。
12. at the beginning (of) in the beginning
―at the beginning‖和―in the beginning‖作―起初‖解时, 没有多大的区别；例如：I enjoyed my job in (at) the beginning, but I‘m bored with it now. 不过，―at the beginning‖后可接―of‖引起的短语, 表示―在…之初‖；―in the beginning‖则不能；例如：The entrance university
examination will take place at the beginning of July.
13. at the end (of) by the end of in the end
―at the end‖的意思是―末了, 末尾‖；例如：I think the film‘s a bit weak at the end. ―at the end of‖意为―在…的末尾‖；例如：He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will expire at the end of this month.
―by the end of ‖的意思是―到…的末尾‖解；例如：They‘ll have hit the year‘s target by the end of October. / By the end of July they had treated 3,000 patients.
―in the end‖作―最后, 终于‖解；例如：In the end we reached an agreement. / Of course I will be taking advice on this matter, but in the end, it is up to me to decide what to do.
14. awake awaken wake waken
―awake‖是动词，亦作―awaken‖，意思是―唤醒，（使）醒来‖；―wake‖亦作―awaken‖；
用于比喻，表示―认识到，意识到，觉醒到‖；例如：The noise awoke me. / People must be awakened to the danger of these weapons. 必须使人们认识到这些武器的危险。I slowly awoke to the danger that threatened me. 我慢慢地认识到威胁着我的危险。―awake‖可用作形容词，意为―醒着的‖；例如：The children are still wide awake.
“wake”和“waken”是动词，作“醒，醒来；唤醒，弄醒”解；“wake up”用于比喻，意思是“觉悟到，意识到”；例如：I woke (up) at eight o‘clock. / Could you wake me (up) at about eight? / We were wakened by a loud noise. 我们被很响的嘈杂声闹醒了。The prince wakened her with a kiss on the forehead. / The company has only just woken up to computers.这家公司刚刚意识到计算机的重要性。
15. base basis
“base”通常指有形的基础，如“the base of the pillar”，“the base of a building‖，“the base of a machine”等；例如：We camped at the base of the mountain. 我们在山脚下扎营。
The statue has a base made of stone. 这尊塑像的底座是石头做的。
“basis”通常指无形的基础，如“the basis of the philosophy”，“the basis of an argument”
等；例如：His theory has a solid basis in fact 他的理论有确实的事实为基础。What is the basis of (for) your idea? 你这个想法的基础是什么？On the basis of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion. 根据那些事实，我们可以导出以下的结论。
16. because for
“because‖是从属连接词，意思是―因为‖，表示直接原因，同时它所叙述的理由是本句的重点。因此，―because‖引起的从句通常放在主句后；例如：I was angry because he was late. 因为他迟到了，所以我很生气。
“for”是并列连接词，也作“因为”解, 表示间接原因或推论，用于第一个分句之后；
例如：I‘ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。比较下列两组句子：
1) The river has risen, because it has rained much of late. 近来雨水多，所以河水上涨。It
must have rained much of late, for the river is so high. 近来雨水肯定多，因为河水上涨这么多。
2) He is beloved of all because he is honest. 因为他诚实，所以受到大家的爱戴。He must be
honest, for he is beloved of all. 他肯定诚实，因为他受到大家的爱戴。
在回答―why‖的时候必须用―because‖，不可用―for‖，―as‖，或―since‖；例如：“Why are you crying, Meg?”—“Because I‘ve broken your necklace, Mom.”“梅格，你为什么哭？”
—“妈妈，因为我弄坏了你的项链。”
17. by and by by the by by and large
“by and by”作“不久；过一会儿；迟早，终于”解；例如：I‘ll do it by and by.我等会儿就做。You will find happiness by and by. 不久你就会找到幸福的。
“by the by / bye”的意思是“顺便说到, 顺便提一句”；例如：By the by, what happened to all the money I gave you? 顺便问问，我给你的钱怎么用了？
―by and large‖的意思是―大体上，基本上，总的说来，一般地说‖；例如：By and large, your plan is a good one. 总的来说，你的计划很好。
18. comparable comparative
―comparable‖后接介词―with或to‖，意思是―可比较的；比得上的；类似的‖；例如：This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking. 这餐饭可与最好的法国烹饪媲美。
―comparable‖后接介词―to‖，作―可（与…）比拟的‖解；例如：Nothing is comparable to her beauty.
―comparative‖的意思是―比较的；比较而言的‖；例如：There‘s a comparative rise this year in the number of babies.
19. compare A with B compare A to B
“compare A with B”的意思是“A 与B 比较”；例如：In today‘s lesson we will compare the British style of government with the American.
“compare A to B”的意思是―把A 比作B‖；例如：The writer of the poem compares his lover to a rose. / Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
习惯上在该用“with”的场合英美人也往往用―to‖；但似乎没有在该用“to”的场合用“with”的；例如：London is large, compared with (to) Paris.
20. comprehensive comprehensible
“comprehensive”意为―全面的，综合的；广泛的‖；例如：The government gave a very comprehensive explanation of its plans for industrial development.
“comprehensible”的意思是“能理解的；能被领会的”；例如：One often finds a writer‘s books more comprehensible if one knows about his life. / This news item is comprehensible only
to a few insiders. 只有少数局内的人才看得懂这条消息。
21. considerable considerate
“considerable”作“相当大（多）的”解；例如：The losses are considerable. / The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
“considerate”的意思是“考虑周到的，体谅的”；例如：The nurses there are most considerate of the patients. 这里的护士非常体贴病人。It was very considerate of you to send
me a birthday card. 谢谢你给我寄来生日卡。
22. continual continuous
―continual‖意为―不断的；频繁的‖，指在一段较长的时间内发生多次间断，并且常指令人不愉快或人们不希望发生的事，如―continual interruptions‖（接连不断的打扰）。―continuous‖作―连续不断的；未中断的‖解，指毫不间断地延续；例如：There was continual rain for an hour. 间断下雨一小时。There was continuous rain for an hour. 连续下雨一小时。The telephone has been ringing continually all morning. 整个早上电话铃声不断。The telephone rang continuously for five minutes.电话铃声连续响了五分钟。
23. debate dispute
―debate‖作―争论；辩论；讨论‖解，着重双方各自陈述理由。因此，―交锋‖，―往返‖的意味较强；例如：We debated for an hour on the merits and demerits of his plan.。我们花了
一个小时讨论他的计划的优点和缺点。They‘re debating whether to go to the mountains or to
the seaside. 他们正在讨论要去山上或是去海边。They had been debating for several hours
without reaching a conclusion. 他们辩论了几个小时，还是没有地出结论。
―debate‖用作名词，后接介词―about‖或―on‖；例如：Over the year we have had several debates about future policy. 在过去的一年里，我们就未来的政策进行过几次讨论。The
national debate on how the country should be run became boring. 关于应如何管理国家的全国
性辩论变得枯燥无味了。
―dispute‖作―争论，辩论，争执‖解，着重就分歧进行热烈的争辩，常常有―相持不下‖或―悬而未决‖的意味；例如：They disputed for hours (about) whether to build a new school. 他
们就是否要新建一所学校辩论了好几个小时。The strikers began to dispute hotly with
members of management. 罢工工人开始和资方激烈地争执起来。The lawyers disputed the
case before the judge.律师们在法官面前对这案件进行了辩论。
―dispute‖作名词，后接介词―over‖或―about‖；例如：They‘ve been trying to resolve the dispute over working conditions for the last three years. 在过去三年里，他们一直尽力解决关
于工作条件的争论。They had a long dispute about where to eat.他们为到哪儿吃饭争论了很
长时间。Work has stopped because of a dispute over pay.由于工作纠纷工作已停顿下来。
―in dispute‖作―（问题等）在争论中；尚未解决‖解；例如：The miners were in dispute with their employers about pay. 矿工和顾主在工资问题上发生了争执。
24. decided decisive
―decided‖的意思是―显然的，显而易见的；毫无疑问的；果断的‖；例如：There was a decided need for a change. / I wish he were more decided.
―decisive‖意为―果断的，断然的，毅然决然的；决定性的‖；例如：I will take a decisive step. / A decisive person acts quickly. / This is a decided victory, but whether it is a decisive one
only time can tell.这是一个无可争议的胜利，但它是否是决定性的胜利，只有时间才能证明。
25. desirable desirous
―desirable‖的意思是―称心的,合意的‖；―吸引人的‖；―值得想望的，值得弄到手的‖；例如：She looked very desirable in that dress. 她穿上那件衣服显得特别有魅力。在句型―It is
desirable that ...‖(…是值得希求的)中要用虚拟语气（原形动词或should + 动词）；例如：It
is highly desirable that he (should) attend the conference. 极为希望他参加会议。
―desirous‖意为―想要的，渴望的，想望的‖，一般作表语，后接介词―of‖或以―that‖引起的从句。从句中的谓语动词要用―should + 原形动词‖；例如：Everybody is desirous of peace.
/ The president is strongly desirous that you should attend the meeting. 总统特别希望你参加会议。
比较下列句中―desirable‖和―desirous‖的词义：When I told him I was desirous of going to the seaside, he said it was not desirable in that cold weather. 当我告诉他我要到海边去的时候，他说在那么冷的天气去是不可取的。
26. be different from be different than
―be different from‖后接名词、代词或从句；例如：This is a different car from the one I drove yesterday. / This is different from what I expected.
―be different than‖作―…与…不同‖解，主要用在美国，后接从句，特别是省略的从句；
例如：College is different than I expected to be. / They are playing in a very different way than (they played) before.
27. displace replace
―displace‖意为―移置，转移；取代，置换‖。―replace‖意为―放回；取代；替换‖；例如：The old adding machine has been replaced by a modern computer. 老式的加法器已被现代的电脑所取代。
―displace‖的意思和―replace‖的第二个意思相同，意为―取代，替换‖，但用于指人时，通常含有悲哀，气忿，或不公正的意思。例如：It‘s most unfair that I should be displaced by a younger person. 我被一个比我年轻的人取代，这是极不公平的。
28. distinct distinctive
―distinct‖意为―清楚的，明显的；截然不同的‖；例如：This new suggestion is a distinct improvement on the one I originally made. 这项新建议比我原来提出的有明显的改进。后接介词―from‖，表示―与…不同‖；例如：Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.
―distinctive‖的意思是―与众不同的，有特色的‖；例如：One of the distinctive features of the book is its distinct illustrations. 这本书与众不同的特点是它清晰的插图。Beer has a very distinctive smell; it‘s quite distinct from the smell of wine. 啤酒具有独特的气味，与白酒的气味大不相同。
29. d oubt
―doubt‖用作动词意思是―怀疑，说不准；不信‖。在否定句或疑问句―doubt‖之后总是接―that‖引起的从句；例如：I don‘t doubt that he will come soon. / Do you doubt that he will come soon? 在肯定句中，―doubt‖后接连接词―whether‖引起的从句；例如：I doubt whether he‘s telling the truth.
―doubt‖用作名词，后接―that‖引起的从句；例如：There is no doubt (about it) that he will come soon.
比较下列两句的意思：I doubt whether he will come soon. 我想他不会很快就来。I doubt whether he will not come soon. 我想他很快就会来。
30. be due to + 名词be due to + 原形动词
在短语―be due to + 名词‖中，―due to‖的意思是―因为‖，在句中作表语；例如：His absence was due to illness. ―due to‖引起的短语还可作名词的后置定语；例如：A power failure, due to a break in the cable, brought the whole factory to a standstill.
―be due to + 原形动词‖中―due‖的意思是―预期的，约定的；（车船等）预定应到的‖；
例如：The next train to London is due to arrive at 4. .
31. especially specially
―especially‖意为―特别地（指程度）‖；―尤其；格外‖。―specially‖的意思是―特别地（指目的），专门地‖；例如：Though the weather was especially unfavorable, they came specially for the meeting. 虽然天气特别不好，他们还是专程来出席会了。He is sorry you don‘t like what he has done, especially as he did it specially for you. 他很遗憾你不喜欢他所做的，尤其是他专门为你而做的。
32. exceeding(ly) excessive(ly)
―exceeding(ly)‖的意思是―非常的（地）；极度的(地)‖；例如：Susan drove exceedingly (= very, to an unusual degree) fast.
―excessive(ly)‖的意思是―过多的（地）；过分的（地）；超过正常限度的（地）‖；例如：The food was bad and the bill was excessive.
比较下列句中―exceedingly‖和―excessively‖的词义：It was exceedingly good food and we all ate excessively.
33. except except for
―except for‖的意思是“除…之外”，所引起的短语可位于句首，也可位于句中或句末；
而介词“except”引起的短语只能放在句末；例如：We are inviting everyone except (for) the Jones family. / Except for the Jones family, we are inviting everyone.
―except for‖还有―假如没有‖的意思。因此，句子的谓语动词要用虚拟语气；例如：Except for your help, we should have been in a difficult position.
此外，“except”后可接介词短语或副词；例如：He has always been in good health except in the past few days. / He has always been in good health except quite recently.
34. except that but that in that
“except that”的意思是“只不过；除…以外”；例如：He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days.
“but that”与“except that”同义，也作“只不过；除…以外”解；例如：We ask nothing from you but that you should give a clear statement of the facts.
“but that”还作“假如没有”解，主句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气；例如：But that you helped me (= if you had not helped me), I would have failed.
“in that”作“因为；在于”解；例如：Liquids are different from solids in that liquids have no definite shape. / Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.
35. fit suit
“fit”和“suit”是动词，都作“适合，合身”。“fit”指“尺寸、大小合适”；例如：This dress doesn‘t fit me. 这套衣服我穿着不合身。When he left the shop, the suit fits him perfectly. 他走出商店时，身上穿的那套衣服十分合身。
“suit”指“颜色、款式合适”；例如：Do you think this style suits me? 你认为这种款式适合我吗？The new dress suited her very well. 那套新服装和她很相配。
36. for long for a long time long for
―for long‖作―长久‖解，用于疑问句、否定句、或条件句，不用于肯定句。
―for a long time‖可用于肯定句、疑问句、否定句或条件句；例如：― Did she stay for long (for a long time)?‖ –―No. She didn‘t stay for long (for a long time).‖或―Yes. She stayed for a long time.‖
―long‖用作动词，后接介词―for‖或动词不定式，意思是―渴望，极想念‖；例如：The children are longing for holidays. / I long for you to see him. / I‘m longing to stop commuting every day.
37. habit custom
“habit”一般是指个人的习惯行为，后接介词“of”和动名词，不接动词不定式；例如：He has an annoying habit of biting his nails. 他有一种令人厌恶的咬指甲的习惯。She has
a habit of playing with her hair while reading. 她在阅读时有玩弄头发的癖好。It is his habit to
jog before breakfast. 他习惯在早餐前慢跑。
“custom”一般指整个社会在长时期内形成的习俗；例如：So many countries, so many customs. 有多少国家就有多少习俗；百里不同风Custom affects people strongly; most of us
don‘t like going against custom. 风俗对人的影响极大；我们大多数人都不喜欢违反风俗。
Shaking hands when people meet is much more the custom in France than in Britain. 人们见面
时握手的习惯流行于法国多于在英国。
38. happen take place
“happen”和“take place”都作“发生”解。
“happen”通常指“偶然”；例如：When did the explosion happen? 爆炸是什么时候发生的？A funny thing happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一件趣事。
“take place”通常指“经过安排”；例如：When will the wedding take place? 婚礼定于什么时候举行？The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 五四运动发生于1919年五月4
日）。
39. happen to sb. or sth. occur to sb.
“happen to sb. or sth.”的意思是“某人或某物发生某事”；例如：If anything happens to him, let us know.
“happen to”接后原形动词，作“碰巧；巧好”解；例如：I happened to see him yesterday.
昨天我碰巧看见他。也可以说“It (so) happened that I saw him yesterday.”。
“occur to sb.”的意思是“某人想起某事”；例如：A fresh idea occurred to him. / Just as
I was leaving the house, it occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
40. healthful healthy
“healthful”作“增进健康的，有益于健康的”解，如“a healthful climate”，“a healthful diet”，“healthful recreation”，“healthful surroundings”，“the healthful air at the seaside”，
“healthful food”等。
“healthy”的意思是“健康的，健壮的”，如“a healthy child”，“a healthy body”，“a healthy tree”。“healthy”作“有益于健康的”现在主要用于英国，如“healthy food”，
“a healthful climate”。
41. hire rent
在英国英语中，―hire‖ 指―短期租用‖；例如：Let‘s hire a car for the weekend.
―rent‖指―长期租用‖；例如：Is that your own television, or do you rent it?
但在美国英语中，所有这些东西的租用，都用―rent‖, 物主出租也都用―rent out‖。人用―hire‖（= employ）。但是在英国英语中，仅在人员因某一特殊需要受雇的场合才用―hire‖，长
期的聘用则不用―hire‖，而用―appoint‖；例如：We‘re going to appoint a new history teacher.
在美国英语及英国英语中，大客车，船舶及飞机的租赁不用―hire‖，也不用―rent‖，而用―charter‖（包租）；例如：The company chartered a plane to fly him home for the business meeting.
42. if only only if
―if only‖引起的感叹句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，表示愿望或惋惜等情感色彩。后面的主句如果是不言而喻的，往往省略；例如：If only he were here! / If only I had known you! / If only I could do something to help her!
如果―if only‖引起的从句中谓语动词用陈述语气，意思便是―只要‖；例如：You‘ll be able to speak
English fluently, if only you practise constantly.
―if only‖引起的条件状语从句中谓语动词也可用虚拟语气；例如：If only I had known his address, I would have told you.
―only if‖作―只有在…时；只要实现某条件‖解；例如：Only if you practice constantly will you be able to speak English fluently. / I told him he would be able to speak English fluently only if he practised constantly.
比较下列句子的意思：I shall do better only if I have another chance. 我将做得更好些，但我必须有一个机会。I shall do better if only I have another chance. 只要我有一个机会，我将做得更好些。
43. imaginable imaginary imaginative
―imaginable‖是―可以想象的‖。与最高级形容词或―all‖，―every‖，―only‖等连用时，常放在被修饰的名词后，以加重语气；例如：This is the only solution imaginable. / The doctors saved the patient by every means imaginable.
―imaginary‖是―假想的，虚构的；想象的‖；例如：All the characters in this book are imaginary.
―imaginative‖―运用想象力的，富于想象力的‖；例如：She is an imaginative child. / The architects have made imaginative use of glass and transparent plastic.
44.in a way in no way in the way by the way on the way by way of once in a way all the way in a big (small) way
―in a way‖也作―in one way‖，意思是―在某点上，在某种程度上‖；例如：In a way I can see what you mean, though I disagree with you.
―in no way‖的意思是―一点也不；决不‖；例如：The reports in no way suggest the existence of extraterrestrial life. ―in no way‖位于句首，句子的主语和谓语要倒置；例如：In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
―in the way‖作―挡道的；防碍人的；使人不便的‖解；例如：Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually in the way.
―by the way‖用在讲话中引入新话题，作―顺便说（问）；附带说说‖解；例如：I think we‘ve discussed everything we need to – by the way what time is it?
―on the way‖的意思是―在途中；接近‖；例如：I saw the accident on the way to work. / I‘m (well) on the way to completing (= I have nearly completed) the report.
―by way of‖作―经由；通过…方法或方式‖解；例如：I can easily come home by way of the Post Office and get your stamps. / By way of an introduction to the subject, let me give you a brief history.
―once in a way‖作―偶尔；有时‖解；例如：Even the most reputable actresses had to suffer that thankless role of the dutiful wife of the ?great man‘ once in a way.
―all the way‖作―从头至尾；自始至终‖解；例如：I‘ll support you all the way.
―in a big (small) way‖作―大（小）规模地‖解；例如：He lives in a small way.他生活简朴。
45. in case in case of in the case of
―in case‖用作连接词，引起的条件从句位于句首，作―假如‖解；例如：In case you fail, you must try again. / In case he comes, let me know.
―in case‖引起的从句位于主句之后，意思是―防备，以防‖；例如：Take your coat in case it rains. (或it should rain.)
―in case of‖引起的短语位于句首，作―假使…发生‖解；例如：In case of fire, give the alarm.
―in case of ‖引起的短语位于句末，句子会产生歧义：Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。/ 如果下雨，带上雨伞。
―in the case of‖的意思是―就…来说；至于…‖；例如：In the case of a physical change, no new substance is formed.
46. be in charge of be in（under）the charge of
―be in charge of‖作―管理；负责‖解；―be in the charge of‖的意思是―被…管理；由…负责‖；例如：Mr. Lee is in charge of this class. / This class is in / under the charge of Mr. Lee. (或This class is in Mr. Lee‘s charge.)
47. be in possession of be in the possession of
―be in possession of‖作―（拥）有…的‖解；例如：Mr. Smith is in possession of the house.
―be in the possession of‖作―为…所有‖解；例如：The house is in the possession of Mr. Smith.
48. in nature by nature
―in nature‖的意思是―在自然界‖，―性质上‖；―实际上‖；例如：This new technique of artificially growing cells copies what actually happens in nature.
―by nature‖的意思是―生性，本性上，天生地，天性地‖解；例如：Tigers are cruel by nature. / She is generous by nature.
49. in turn by turns
―in turn‖意为―依次相继地；反过来‖；例如：We visited the old lady in turn (= one after the other). / Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
―by turns‖的意思是―轮流地；忽而…忽而…地‖；例如：The teachers were on duty by turns. / They laughed and cried by turns. / She went hot and cold by turns.
50. in view in view of
―in view‖的意思是―在看得见的地方‖；―被考虑，被指望‖；―在注意中‖；―在记忆中‖；例如：Victory is in view. / There was not a person in view.
―in view of‖作―鉴于；由于；考虑到‖解；例如：In view of his youth, the police decided not to continue (with) the case against him.
51. legal lawful
―legal‖和―lawful‖都意为―合法的‖；例如：Children can‘t buy alcohol; it is not legal / lawful. 孩子们不能买酒，因为这是不合法的。
―legal‖还有一个意思是―与法律有关的，法律上的‖；例如：―a legal adviser‖(法律顾问)，―legal matters‖（法律问题），―the legal profession‖（与法律有关的职业）。
52. be liable to + 名词be liable to + 原形动词
―be liable to + 名词‖作―常患…的‖解；例如：He is liable to bad headaches. ―be liable for‖作―（尤其在法律上）有偿付责任的‖解；例如：He was not liable for his son‘s debts.
―be liable to + 原形动词‖的意思是―倾向…的；易于…的；习惯于…的‖；例如：We are all liable to make mistakes. / He‘s liable to shout when angry.
53. like alike
―like‖用作介词，意思是―像，如，跟…一样‖；例如：Do it like this. / The twin sisters are very like each other.
―alike‖是形容词，意思是―相同的，相像的‖，一般作表语。用作副词，意为―一样地；以同样程度‖；例如：The twins are so much alike and it is difficult to tell one from the other. / Great minds think alike.
54. like as
―like‖用作介词，作―象；跟…一样‖解；―as‖是连接词，意思是―象…一样‖；通常引起省略的方式状语从句；试比较下列句中―like‖和―as‖的词义：He has been playing tennis as a professional for two years (= he is a professional tennis player). 他作为职业网球运动员打网球已有两年了。即：他是职业网球运动员。
He plays tennis like a professional (= he is not a professional tennis player, but he plays as well as someone who is). 他打起网球来象个职业运动员。即：他不是职业网球运动员，但他打
得和一个职业网球运动员一样好。
―like‖可用于表示不同类的比喻；例如：He drinks like a fish. / He smokes like a chimney. / He eats like a horse. / She sings like a nightingale.
表示不同类的比喻也可用―as...as‖结构；例如：He is as brave as a lion. / He is as poor as a church mouse. / She sings as beautifully as a nightingale.
55. living alive live lively
―living‖作―活的；活着的‖解；用作名词，意思是―生计；收入‖；例如：She has no living relatives. / Is his father still living? / Our style of living is very different from that of a hundred years ago.
―alive‖一般作表语，多用于人，意思是―有生命的；生存的；活着的；有活力的‖。不可置于名词之前，否则要用―live‖或―living‖，如―a live / living fish‖。但是可置于被―no / every‖或被形容词最高级修饰的名词后，起加强语气的作用，如―the greatest artist alive today‖（现今在世最伟大的艺术家），―every man alive‖（任何人都…）。如有―really‖等副词修饰，―alive‖可作前置定语，如―a really alive town‖（一个生气勃勃的市镇）；例如：Is his father still alive?/ We saw nothing alive. / No man alive will believe it.
―be alive to‖的意思是―注意到，意识到‖；例如：He was alive to the danger. ―be alive with‖的意思是―充满（生物或活动的东西）‖；例如：The room was alive with laughter.
―live‖意思是―活的，有生命的；实况转播的‖；例如：The cat was playing with a live mouse. / It wasn‘t a recorded show, but it was live.
―lively‖是形容词，意思是―充满生气的；精力充沛的‖；例如：He is over 80,but he is still lively. / I am not very lively during the transition months from winter to spring.
56. long before before long
―long before‖的意思是―很久以前‖。―before‖可以作副词、介词或连接词；例如：We‘ve seen that film long before. / He finished his work yesterday, but I had finished mine long before. / The meeting broke up long before your arrival.
―before long‖作―不久以后‖解；例如：I hope to be able to see you before long.
―It was (not) long before...‖和―It will (not) be long...‖作―许久…才；不久…就‖解；例如：It was not long before I got well and went back to work. / It was long before he fully realized his mistake. / It will not be long before he recovers.
57. migrate emigrate
―to migrate‖是指从一个地区或国家迁移带另一地区或国家居住一段时间，尤指候鸟的迁徙；例如：Some tribes migrate with their cattle in search of fresh grass.有些部落为了寻找鲜草赶着牲口一起迁徙。Wealthy people often migrate in winter to warmer sunnier countries. 富人往往在冬天移居到阳光比较充足、天气比较温暖的国家
―to migrate‖的名词形式是―migration‖；例如：Scientists have studied the migration of fish from one part of the ocean to another. 科学家研究了鱼群从海洋的一处迁移到另一处的洄游现象。Wars always cause great migrations of people who have been taken prisoner or taken away to work. 战争总是造成人们的大迁徙：他们或沦为俘虏或被带走去作劳工）。
―to emigrate‖是指从一个国家移居到另一国家并成为该国公民；例如：If he can‘t earn his living here, he‘ll have to emigrate. 如果他无法在此谋生，就得移居国外。He emigrated from England to Australia. 他从英国移民到澳大利亚。
―to emigrate‖的名词形式是―emigration‖；例如：They spent three months preparing for their emigration. 他们花了三个月时间为移居国外作准备。
但从迁入国的角度来说，迁入的人是―immigrants‖，迁入这一行为称为
―immigration‖；例如：A far vaster immigration began pouring through the city portals.
数量远为众多的移民开始涌入是市内。The immigration officer spoke to them. 移民官员跟他们谈了话。
58. not...because not because...but because not that...but that
下列句子中的副词―not‖产生否定转移，否定―because‖引起的原因状语从句。―not...because‖作―并非因为…‖解；例如：He did not come to my house because he wanted to see me. / The mountain isn‘t valued because it is high. / You should not despise a man because he is poor.
―not...because...but because...‖和―not that...but that...‖作―不是（因为）…而是（因为）…‖解；例如：I did not remain at home because it rained, but because I wanted to write some letters. / Not that I loved Caesar less but that I loved Roman more.
―not that‖作―并不是说‖解；例如：If he ever said so — not that I heard him say so — he was mistaken.
59. be obliged to + 某人be obliged to + 原形动词
―be obliged to + 某人‖作―感谢某人‖解；例如：I‘m much obliged to you for your help.
―be obliged to + 原形动词‖的意思是―必须做某事‖；例如：He felt obliged to leave after such an unpleasant quarrel.
60. on the contrary to the contrary
―on the contrary‖作―恰恰相反‖解，用来加强语气，以完全否定刚才说的话；例如：You seem to consider the incident trivial; it is, on the contrary, very serious.
―to the contrary‖作―意思相反的（地）；不同地‖解，相当于形容词作后置定语；也可作状语短语；例如：Can you produce any evidence to the contrary? / If you don‘t hear (something) to the contrary, I‘ll meet you at seven o‘clock tonight.
61. on the whole as a whole
―on the whole‖意为―总的看来；大体上；基本上‖，在句中作状语；例如：On the whole, our stay there was quite enjoyable.
―as a whole‖的意思是―总体上；作为一个整体‖，在句中通常作名词的后置定语；例如：We must consider these matters as a whole, not one by one.
62. out of question out of the question
―out of question‖的意思是―肯定地，确实地；毫无疑问地；无庸质疑地‖，在句中作状语：He is out of question the greatest authority on this subject.
―out of the question‖作―办不到的，不可能的；不必谈的‖解，在句中作状语；例如：I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question.
63. partly partially
―partly‖和―partially‖均作―一部分地；到某种程度地；不完全地；非整体地或全部地‖解。
―partly‖与―wholly‖相对，指所叙述和描写的事物不完全，不包括所有各部分或各方面，只是部分地或达到某种程度；例如：What you say is partly true. 你说的话一部分是真实的。The window was made partly of wood and partly of glass. 这窗子是部分用木材和部分用玻璃制成的This is partly an academic and partly a legal question. 这个问题部分是学术问题，部分是法律问题。
―partially‖ 是程度副词，与―fully‖相对，指―并非全部地，不普遍地，并非无例外或保留地，其影响仅及于一部分或到某种程度地‖；例如：He is partially paralyzed. 他局部瘫痪。The meat was only partially cooked. 肉煮得半生不熟。I am partially to blame for the accident. 我对那次事故应负部分责任。
把―partially‖用作―partly‖解在美国比在英国普通。下面的句子是错误的：―The letter was written partially in French and partially in English.‖，应将―partially‖ 改为―partly‖。
64. possible probable
―possible‖的意思是―可能的‖，后接动词不定式或以―that‖引起的从句；例如：It‘s no longer possible to find a cheap flat in central London. / It is possible for one person to finish this. / It is possible (that) he will
be there in time.
―probable‖的意思是―很可能的；或有的；或然的；大概的‖，后接―that‖引起的从句；例如：It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.
―possible‖和―probable‖两词都有―可能的‖的意思，但―probable‖所指的可能性更大些。比较下列句子的意思：It is possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. 他也有可能接受这些条款，但希望很小。/ It is possible but not probable that I shall go there next week. 我下星期也许会到那里去，但可能性并不大。/ It‘s possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn‘t seem probable.下雨的可能性是有的，但天空一片蔚蓝，可能性似乎不大。
65. practical practicable
―practical‖的意思是―实用的；实际的；通情达理的；善于感实际工作的,有实际经验的‖；例如：The machine is too complex to be practical. / You should find a more practical method of getting better grades. / You must try to be a little more practical. / As a man with a practical mind, he can‘t understand his son‘s desire to be a poet.
―practicable‖是―（计划，主意等）能实行的，可行的；行得通的；（道路、桥、航道、浅滩等）可通行的‖；例如：Before the era of electronics, television did not seem practicable. / Is it practicable to grow crops on this dry land? / The mountain track is not practicable in winter. / The coast road is only practicable for light traffic.
不要混淆―practical‖和―practicable‖。虽然这两个词有时意义相同，如―a practical plan / suggestion‖或―a practicable plan / suggestion‖都可表示―一项可行的计划或建议‖的意思，但―a practical plan / suggestion‖还作―一项实用的计划或建议‖解，同时―practicable‖从不用来指人，也极少用来指物体。
66. prepare + 动词不定式be prepared + 动词不定式
―prepare + 动词不定式‖作―因为要…而准备‖；例如：I am preparing to undertake the task. 我正在因为要担任这项工作而做准备。
―be prepared + 动词不定式‖是―愿意（而且能够）…的‖解；例如：I am prepared to undertake the task. 我愿意（而且能够）担任这项工作。
67. profitable beneficial
―profitable‖着重指可以获得实际好处，特别是物质或经济方面的利益；例如：She spent a profitable day cleaning the house thoroughly. 她充分地利用了一天时彻底打扫了屋子。He has a profitable business selling television and radio sets. 他经销电视机和收音机，是很赚钱的生意。He attempted to make the business more profitable. 他努力使生意获得跟大利润。
―beneficial‖的意思是―有益的，有利的，有帮助的‖，尤指―对健康，身心或事业有益‖，后面接介词―to‖；例如：I‘m sure the climate there will be beneficial to your health. 我肯定那里的气候会有益于你的健康。Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the crops in the field. 日光和雨水有益于田间作物。
68. provided (that) / providing (that) if
―provided (that)‖或―providing (that)‖引导条件状语从句，意思是―假如；以…为条件‖；例如：I will go, provided / providing (that) you go too.
但是并非一切可用―if‖的场合都可用―provided (that)‖或―providing (that)‖代替它，因为―provided‖原来作―规定‖解，它所引起的从句是一种―规定‖，而且那―规定‖是那规定者认为应该实现的。如上述例子中的―you will go too‖（如果你愿意去）是―规定‖，主语―I‖是―规定者‖，―I‖认为那―规定‖应该实现，也就是说―I‖认为―you will go too‖是事实。但是―You may lose your membership provided (that) / providing (that) you make the same mistake aga in.‖一句是错误的，应将句中的―provided (that)‖或―providing (that)‖
改为―if‖，因为没有任何人认为―you make the same mistake again‖是应该实现的。假如你用―provided (that)‖或―providing (that)‖没有把握，用―if‖总是不错的。
69. regretful regrettable
―regretful‖的意思是―懊悔的；遗憾的；惆怅的‖，后接介词―for‖或―that‖引起的从句；例如：He is regretful for what he has done. / I felt rather regretful that the affair ended like that.
―regrettable‖的意思是―令人遗憾的；使人悔恨的；可惜的‖；例如：It is regrettable that he behaved like that. / Tiredness on the part of the dictionary maker caused him to make such regrettable errors.
70. respectful respectable respective
―respectful‖的意思是―恭敬的，尊敬的；尊重的‖；例如：―We‘re so pleased to meet you at last,‖ she said in a respectful tone of voice. / He taught his children to be respectful of other cultures.
―respectable‖作―值得尊敬的‖解；例如：She is a respectable young woman from a good family. / He wanted to become a writer, but his father didn‘t think it was a respectable profession.
―respective‖意为―各自地，分别地‖；例如：Neil came down from Sydney for the meeting and Lisa flew in from Perth, and when the meeting had finished, they returned to their respective homes.
71. rise arise rouse arouse
―rise‖的意思是―升起；上升；上涨；提高；增加；站起；起立；起床‖；例如：The sun rises in the east. / She rises before it is light. / The river is rising after the rain. / The people rose (up) against the oppressor.
―arise‖作―出现，发生‖解；后接介词―from‖作―由…引起或产生‖解；例如：Some unexpected difficulties have arisen. / What consequences will arise from this?
―rouse‖意为―唤起，唤醒‖；例如：He‘s very hard to rouse in the morning. / He tried to rous e her, but she was still unconscious.
―arouse‖作―唤醒；激起，引起‖解；例如：She aroused them at noon. / The fiery speech aroused the crowd. / His strange behaviour aroused the suspicion of the police.
72. sensible sensitive
―sensible的意思是‖明智的，通情达理的；可觉察的，明显的―；例如：The sensible place to start is at the beginning. / I think the sensible thing to do is phone before you go and ask for directions.
―It is sensible + of ... + 不定式‖意为―（某人）做（某事）是聪明的‖；例如：
It is sensible of you to take his advice. (= You are sensible to take his advice.) ―be sensible of‖是―意识…，察觉到…‖；例如：He is sensible of his faults. / I am sensible of your kindness.
―sensitive‖作―敏感的‖解，后接介词―to‖；例如：We need to be more sensitive to the needs of the young students. / He is very sensitive to cold (heat).―sensitive‖也作―易生气的，易得罪的；神经过敏的，介意的‖，后接介词―to‖ 或―about‖；例如：You should not be so sensitive to criticism. / He was very sensitive about his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
―a sensible person‖是―切合实际的人；通情达理的人。―a sensitive person‖是―敏感的人；感情容易伤害的人‖。
73. since seeing (that)
―since‖和―seeing (that)‖的意思接近―because‖，但比―because‖意味稍弱，且在彼此已知的事实为理由陈述时使用；例如：Since / Seeing that you‘re always late for work (= this is fact), I‘ve decided to dismiss you. 既然你老是上班迟到（= 这是事实），我已决定解雇你。Seeing (that) she‘s old enough to get married, I don‘t think you can stop her. 既然是女大当嫁，我认为你也阻止不了她。Since we‘re young, we shouldn‘t be too afraid of making mistakes. 因为我们还年轻，所以不应该太害怕犯错误。但是这两者不能用于如下的问句：Did he lose his job because he was always late? (= was that the reason?) 他丢了工作是因为迟到吗？（= 这是原因吗？）
74. sometime some time sometimes
―sometime‖是副词，作―在某一时候‖解；例如：We‘ll go there sometime next summer.
―some time‖作―很久；很长一段时间‖解；例如：She wondered if she could have the opportunity to spend some time here so that she could learn more about the city.
―sometimes‖是副词，意思是―有时‖；例如：Sometimes he comes by train and sometimes by car.
75. start begin
―start‖和―begin‖后都可接动词不定式和动名词。如果―start‖和―begin‖本身就是―-ing‖形式，后面还是用不定式好；例如：I think it‘s beginning / starting to rain. 我想开始下雨了。
如果―start‖和―begin‖后接的是涉及人的感情、想法的动词，该动词用动词不定式；例如：I began to realize that he was right. 我开始意识到他是正确的。
在下列句中只能用―start‖，不能用―begin‖；例如：We started (out) for London.
我们动身前往伦敦。They‘ve started a new political party. 他们已经成立了一个新党。I cannot start the car. 我发动不了这辆汽车。The car won‘t start. 汽车发动不起来。
当表示从何时、何处开始时，用―begin at‖；例如：The night shift begins at five o‘clock. 夜班从5点开始。Let‘s begin at page 4. 我们从第四页开始吧。
表示着手做某一工作时，用―begin on‖或―begin upon‖；例如：They will soon begin on a technical innovation. 他们很快就要着手搞一项技术革新。We must begin on the government survey tomorrow. 明天我们必须要开始做政府调查了。
当表示以某事或某物开始或为起点时，用―begin with‖；例如：We always begin with the hardest problems. 我们总是先做最困难的习题。I shall begin with this book today. 我打算今天先读这本书。The drought began with that exceptionally dry summer.旱灾是从那个雨水特别稀少的夏季开始的。
76. be subject to be subjected to
―be subject to‖的意思是―受支配的；服从的‖；例如：We are all subject to the laws of nature. ―be subject to‖也作―易受…的，常受…的；易患…的‖解；例如：The child is very subject to colds. / He was subject to criticism in his lifetime.
―be subjected to‖作―经受；遭受‖解；例如：Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise.
77. such as as such
―such as‖作―例如，比如；像…这种的，诸如…之类的‖解；例如：Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.
―such as it is / such as they are‖用于对不够好的事物等表示贬抑或歉意，意思是―虽然质量不过如此；尽管价值不过尔尔‖；例如：The food, such as it is, is plentiful. / You can use my bicycle, such as it is. / He gave me his help, such as it was.
―as such‖作―照此；就以这种资格或身份‖解；例如：He is a child, and must be treated as such. ―as such‖还有―本身‖的意思，通常位于名词之后；例如：History as such (= in itself) is too often neglected. / Wealth, as such, doesn‘t matt er much.
78. sufficient adequate enough
三词均作―足够的‖解。
―enough‖为一般用语，常与―sufficient‖互换，指数量之多，足以满足某种愿望；例如：A growing child never has enough time to play. 一个成长中的孩子永远觉得玩不够。
―sufficient‖指数量之多足以满足某种需要；例如：My father earns sufficient money to provide for us. 我父亲挣的钱足以抚养我们。
―adequate‖指数量之多足以符合特定的规定或资格；例如：To be healthy one must have an adequate diet. 为了健康，人们必许有足够的规定饮食。John‘s salary is not adequate to support his family. 约翰的薪水不够维持一家人的生活。
79. sure certain
―sure‖是形容词，意思是―确信的‖，作表语，或后接―that‖，―whether‖ 等引起的从句；例如：I think so, but I‘m not sure. 我是这样想的，但是我没有把握。I‘m not sure whether he‘s telling the truth. 我
不能确定他讲的是不是真话。Are you sure (that) this is the right bus?―sure‖也表示―.一定的，必定的‖，后接不定式；例如：The storm sweeping over this area is sure to cause scarcity of vegetables in the coming days.
―certain‖是形容词，意思是―确实的，无疑的‖，作定语或后接―that‖引起的从句；例如：There‘s no certain cure for this illness. / I‘m certain (that) she saw me yesterday.―certain‖还作―肯定的，必然的‖解，后接动词不定式或―that‖ 引起的从句；例如：Are you certain that you‘ll get there in time?
―certain‖和―sure‖是同义词，但―certain‖的语气更强，表示确实知道某事是真的；例如：I‘m certain (that) she won‘t be at the party (= it is impossible that she will be there) because she‘s on holiday in France.
我断定她不会去参加聚会（= 她不可能去参加聚会），因为她正在西班牙度假。I‘m sure (= I stron gly believe that) she won‘t be at the party because she‘s very busy.
―be sure of‖表示主观的判断；―be sure + 动词不定式‖表示客观的看法；例如：He is sure of success. (= He is sure that he will succeed.) / He is sure to succeed. (= He will certainly succeed.) 在―be sure that‖ 的句型中，主语必须是人。既可说―I‘m sure that they‘ll lose the election.‖，也可说―I‘m certain that they‘ll lose the election.‖。但在―It is...that‖句型中，只能用―certain‖，不能用―sure‖；例如：It is certain that they‘ll lose the election.
80. thin slender slim
表示人瘦统称为―thin‖。如果瘦得匀称合体。我们就称之为―slim‖或―slender‖（尤指女人与儿童的身材）；例如：I wish I were as slim as you. 我真巴不得象你那样苗条！There were two girls there, a thin one and a fat one. 那边有两个女孩，一个瘦，一个胖。He‘s much thinner than he used to be; I think he‘s been ill. 如今他比以往瘦多了，我想他是得病了。She has a beautiful slender body. 她的身材苗条秀美。
What lovely long slender fingers you have. 你的手指纤细修长，真好看。
但是如果瘦得过分，那么就是―skinny‖（非正式用语），―underweight‖或―emaciated‖（程度最甚）；例如：He has a good build except for rather skinny arms.
他的体格很不错，只是双臂骨瘦如柴。She‘s underweight; I don‘t think she ha s been eating properly for some months. 他体重不足，我看他有几个月没有好好吃饭了。The prisoners were emaciated. 囚犯们骨瘦如柴His long period in prison left him emaciated. 长期的监狱生活使他瘦得皮包骨似的。During the worst of the famine we saw many emaciated people. 在饥谨最严重的时期我们看到许多骨瘦如柴的人。
81. valueless invaluable
―valueless意为―无价值的；无用的‖；例如：We thought the chair was an antique worth a lot of money, but it turned out to be a valueless replica.
―invaluable‖作―无价的；无法估价的‖解；例如：The new job should provide John with invaluable (= priceless) experience. / Such data will prove invaluable to researchers studying fish populations.
价值很高的东西是―valuable‖，而非常贵重的东西是―priceless‖，如―a priceless 16th century Chinese plate‖。―invaluable‖与―valuable‖词义相似，但用以指品质而不指事物。例如：Your help has been invaluable: we couldn‘t have done the job without you. 价值甚微或毫无价值的东西是―valueless‖或―worthless‖。
82. revenge avenge
―revenge‖和―avenge‖词义十分相近。但是，含义有所不同。
―revenge‖（可作动词或名词）或―take revenge‖的含义是通常用非法手段，满足报仇雪耻的愿望；例如：Hamlet revenged his dead father.汉姆雷特替死去的父亲报了仇。He revenged the insult.他为自己所受的侮辱报了仇。The boy swore to revenge (the murder of) his father. 那个男孩发誓要为他父亲（的被谋杀）报仇。She took (her) revenge for what he had done. 由于他对她的所作所为，她向他进行报复。
―avenge‖（只能作动词）或―take vengeance‖则是报仇者动机较高尚或匡扶正义，纠正冤屈，或被报仇者应受惩罚之意；例如：He avenged his father‘s death by bur ning the village. 他放火烧了村子，为父亲的死报仇。He avenged the death on the village. 他为死者向该村进行报复。I shall avenge my brother; the man who killed him shall die. 我要为我的弟弟报仇；杀害他的人必须偿命。We shall take vengeance on
them for these crimes! 我们将为这些罪行向他们进行报复！
83. venture adventure
―venture‖用作名词，意为―冒险事业，冒险活动‖；用作动词，作―冒险；敢于说出，大胆表示‖解；例如：The company‘s overseas turnover is expanding with joint ventures being launched in the Far East. / I venture to say that men will live on the moon.
―adventure‖意为―冒险经历，惊险活动；奇遇；惊险；冒险‖；例如：He lived for adventure. / I told them of my adventures in the mountains.
―venture‖(名词或动词) 有危及人的生命或钱财的含义，如―a business venture‖(商业投资）。Nobody ventured (= dared) to speak to the angry king.―adventure‖是一种刺激的经历，可能有危险，也可能没有危险。复数形式―adventures‖经常用在叙述某个人物这类活动的故事名称中，如《The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor》（―水手仙巴历险记‖）
84. wait await
―wait‖是不及物动词，意思是―等；等候‖；用作名词，意为―等候，等待的时间‖，后接介词―for‖或动词不定式；例如：If I am not here on time, don‘t wait for me. / I shall wait to hear from you. / We had a long wait for a bus.
―await‖是及物动词，意思是―等候，等待；期待‖，是正式用语，后面接名词、代词或动名词；例如：I am awaiting your reply. / A warm welcome awaits you. /
I shall await hearing from you. / We have awaited your coming for days.
―wait on / upon‖作―伺候‖解；例如：A Japanese wife was formerly expected to wait upon her husband hand and foot.
85. well-known famous distinguished eminent
―well-known‖和―famous‖相似，但意味较强，常指在一个广大地区内为人所知；例如：That place is well-known for its beautiful scenery. 该地方一风景美丽著称。She is well-known for her work with children. 她因做儿童工作而知名。A famous film-star has come to live in our village. 一位知名的影星来到本村居住。He is famous for his work with animals. 他以做动物研究而出名。
―distinguished‖和―eminent‖特指一位在科学、艺术等领域的重要工作而著名的人；例如：He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics. 他在经济学知识方面出类拔萃。His works are distinguished by their tunefulness. 他的作品以曲调优美著称。He is an eminent scholar. 他是个有名望的学者。He is eminent for his generosity. 他以慷概大度著称。
86. whether
―whether‖是连接词，意思是―是否‖。比较下列句子的意思：I don‘t know whether he is well or not.（或I do n‘t know whether or not he is well.）我不知道他身体是否好着。/ I don‘t know whether he is well. 我想他的身体也许不好。/ I don‘t know whether he is not well. 我想他的身体并非不好。
在―We don‘t know whether they are not here.‖这句中，―We don‘t know‖并不是―真正不知道‖，而有―没有把握‖或―不敢说‖的含义。―whether they are not here‖是近乎肯定的猜测内容。因此，全句可译为：我想他们可能会在这里。
87. worth worthy worth (one‘s) while worthwhile
―worth‖用作形容词，意思是―值…的；值得，有…价值‖；用作名词，意为―价值‖；例如：It isn‘t worth repairing the car. (= The car isn‘t worth repairing.) / That vase is worth 20 dollars. / Your worth to the team is unquestionable.
―worthy‖的意思是―值得的；有价值的；可尊敬的‖；例如：This problem is worthy of consideration. / This problem is worthy of being considered. / This problem is worthy to be considered. / He is a worthy man.
―worth (one‘s) while‖作―值得某人费事或操劳的‖解；例如：It is worth while to discuss (or: discussing) the question again. / Do you think it‘s worth our while waiting for a bus, or shall we
just walk?
―worthwhile‖意为―值得…（做）的‖；例如：She considers teaching a worthwhile career. / We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.
包含比较的惯用语
88. less A than B
―less A than B‖的意思是―与其说A, 不如说B‖解；例如：I was less angry than surprised. 我并不怎么生气，更多的倒是感到惊讶。The child was less hurt than frightened. 这小孩伤倒没有什么，却受到惊吓
下面三句的意思相同：
His works seem more likely a collection of separate scenes than a single novel.
His works seem less likely a single novel than a collection of separate scenes.
His works do not seem so much a single novel as a collection of separate scenes.
他的作品与其说是一部小说，倒不如说是一段段情节的集锦。
89. be more of A (n.) than B (n.)
―be more of A (n.) than B (n.)‖作―与其说是B，倒不如说是A‖解；例如：That is more of an mathematical problem than an electrical one. / Edison was more of an experimenter and a practical man than a theoretician.
90. be more A (a. / n.) than B (a. / n.)
―be more A (a. / n.) than B (a. / n.)‖表示同一主体的不同性质或状态的比较，作―与其说B，不如说A‖解；例如：This book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. / Your comment is more bravely made than correct.
91. more than
―more than‖用于比较。注意下列句中―more than‖后的省略现象：He eats more than is good for him. (主语―what‖省略) / You have talked more than is necessary. (主语―what‖省略) / He eats more than he can digest. (宾语―what‖省略)
―more than‖后接形容词，表示程度，作―非常‖解；例如：In doing experiments you must be more than careful with the precision instruments.
―more than‖后接名词，作―不只是，非但…尤其是‖解；例如：A science is more than a large amount of information on some subject.
92. no less A than B
―no less A than B‖作―A 和B一样…‖解；例如：A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. / Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy condition of body.
93. no more...than... not...any more than ...
―no more...than ...‖和―not...any more than...‖意思一样，都作―正如…不…也不…‖解；例如：A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest without ploughing. / One minute too late is no more in time than half an hour is.
94. no more + 形容词+ than not more + 形容词+ than
―no more + 形容词+ than‖作―…和…同样不…‖解；表示对比较的两者都是否定的；―not more + 形容词+ than‖作―…不象…那样…‖解，表示对比较的两者都是肯定的，只是程度不同而已；例如：John is no more diligent than Henry. (= Neither of them is diligent.) / John is not more diligent than Henry. (= John is not as diligent as Henry.)
95. none other than none the less
―none other than‖表示惊奇，作―不是别人（或他物），而正是…‖解；例如：The first speech was given
by none other than Mr. Smith.
―none the less‖的意思是―仍然；依然―；例如：I can‘t really afford it, but I want to buy it none the less.
96. not so much A as B
―not so much A as B‖作―与其说A，不如说B‖解；例如：It was not so much that I disliked her as that I just wasn‘t interested in the whole business.
―not so much as + 原形动词或动名词‖作―甚至不；连…都不…‖解；例如：He does not so much as understand this law. / He left without so much as saying ?Thank you‘.
97. other than rather than
―other than‖作―除了‖解；例如：There‘s nobody here other than me. / All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition.
―other than‖也作―不同于；非‖解；例如：I do not wish her other than she is./ She performed other than perfectly.
―rather than‖的意思是―而不是‖，通常用于平行结构中，也就是说，它可连接两个并列的形容词、状语、名词、代词、不定式或―-ing‖动词；例如：I‘d call her hair chestnut rather than brown. / I‘d prefer to go in August rather than in July. / He‘s my sister‘s friend really, rather than mine. / I always prefer sta rting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute. / I decided to write rather than telephone.
当句子包含有动词不定式时，―rather than‖后可接带―to‖（正式用语）或不带―to‖的不定式或―-ing‖动词；例如：I prefer to go rather than stay. / I believe it is impossible to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages. (或...increasing wages.) / We ought to check up, rather than just accept what he says. (或...accepting what he says.)
―rather than‖位于句首时，后接不带―to‖的不定式；例如：Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, Simon would beg in the street.
98. still (much) less much (still) more
―still less‖或―much less‖作―更不必言，更不用说‖解，用于否定句，表示程度的减少；例如：I don‘t like tobacco, much (still) less wine. / He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.
―much more‖ 或―still more‖是―much less‖或―still less‖的肯定式，意思是―更…‖，用于肯定式，表示程度的增加；例如：John likes music, much more dancing.
文书写作常用词语辨析
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请批示”，作为请示的惯用结尾用语。 【可否】是否可以，与“妥否”用法相同。 【能否】是否可能。例：你县支援我市郊区的稻种，能否在4月10日前送到，望告。 【时】时间、时候、季节、当前、现在、时机等。 【时机】有利的时间条件。如“把握时机”“创造有利的时机”“争取时机”“机不可失，时不再来”等。 【时效】法律性文件的生效时间及公文起现行效用的时间。例：本条例自公布之日起生效。 【时期】一段时间。例：近一个时期来，我市一些机关、团体、企事业单位的领导同志，以“学习考察”为名，违反国家财经制度，挥霍公款出境出国旅游观光，在群众中造成极坏影响。 【报】述、告诉的意思。 【报请】向上级行文请求解决、答复、批准某一问题。例：对此间发生重大问题的处置，事先一律报请市委审定，不得自作主、擅自处理。 【报经】“向上级的报告已经由”的意思。例：我市《关于教育体制的改革方案》，已报经省政府核准。 【报送】向上级呈报。例：现将我局《二○○五年工作计划》报送省厅，请予审示。 【报批】呈报上级机关批准。例：关于党委班子的人选，将另行报批。【严】“严格”“严密”“加倍”的意思。 【严防】严密防备、严格防止。例：切实加强工作，严防失、泄密事件发
高考语文复习之近义成语辨析
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不管我们从那个入口走上步道，都可以殊途同归，到达顶端的凉亭。 许多宗教的信仰方式虽有不同，但其教义殊途同归，都是劝人为善。 异曲同工：工：细致，巧妙；异：不同的。不同的曲调演得同样好。比喻话的说法不一而用意相同，或一件事情的做法不同而都巧妙地达到目的。 梅耶荷德的戏剧与中国戏曲有异曲同工之处。 4.如临深渊：临：靠近；渊：深水坑。如同处于深渊边缘一般。比喻存有戒心，行事极为谨慎。（接近危险） 如履薄冰：履：践、踩在上面。像走在薄冰上一样。比喻行事极为谨慎，存有戒心。（已经在经历危险） 5.自行其是：自己认为对的就做，不考虑别人的意见。 自以为是：总以为自己是正确的，除了自己之外别人都是错误的。 两者的区别在于，前者主观认为自己做的事都是对的，除自己以外都是错的，后者认为自己做的事是正确的，但不会认为别人的观点是错误的，这是不会考虑而去执行自己的观点而已。 6.咄咄怪事：形容不合常理，难以理解的怪事。 出乎意料：出于人们的意料，在人们的意料之外 在下面一段话空缺处依次填入成语，最恰当的一组是（） 季羡林先生在《八十述怀》中说：“我从来没有想到，我能活到八十岁，如今竟然活到了八十岁，然而又一点也没有八十岁的感觉。岂非 !我服从任何人的调遣与指挥，只敢规规矩矩，不敢乱说乱动。然而我的脑筋还在，我的思想还在，我的感情还在，我的理智还在。我不甘心成为，我必须干点事情。二百多万字的印度大史诗《罗摩衍那》，就是在这时候译完的。”季老的话让读者感觉到他文章的语言没有八十岁的，反而多了一些活泼与生动。 A．出人意料行尸走肉老气横秋 B．咄咄怪事酒囊饭袋老态龙钟 C．咄咄怪事行尸走肉老气横秋 D．出人意料酒囊饭袋老态龙钟 （1）“咄咄怪事”和“出人意料” 咄咄怪事：不可思议而使人惊讶的事．出人意料：出于人们的意料，在人们的意料之外．根
初中及高中英语易混词汇辨析1
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高考常见词组辨析专题
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常用音同义不同词语辨析100例
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变幻：不规则地改变 变换：事物的一种形式或内容换成另一种 反映：指反照或提供情况（多用于对上级） 反应：指由外来刺激引起的某种活动或回应 启示：启发指示，使有所领悟 启事：为了说明某事而登在报刊上或贴在墙壁上的文字 学历：指学习的经历 学力：指经过学习达到的程度 传颂：辗转传布颂扬 传诵：辗转传布诵读 降伏：制伏；使驯服 降服：投降屈服 回还：回到原来的地方 回环：曲折环绕 面世：作品，科技产品与世人见面 面市：一般商品上市 总览：全面地看；综观 总揽：全面掌握 神志：知觉和理智 神智：精神智慧 不齿：不愿意提到，表示鄙视 不耻：不以……为耻 凡事：不论什么事情 凡是：总括某个范围内的一切 无名：难以说出 无明：佛典中指“痴”或“愚昧” 制订：创建拟定 制定：定出（法律、规程、计划等） 现时：现在；当时 现实：客观存在的事物；合于客观情况 专诚：特地（表示非顺便） 专程：专为某事而到某地 同事：国家大事 国是：<书>国家大计 大义：大道理 大意：主要的意思 悲痛：伤心苦恼 悲动：极度悲伤 品味：品尝；仔细体会；（物品的）品质和风味 品位：官阶；物品质量；文艺作品所到的水平 增值：资产价值增加 增殖：增生；繁殖 预定：预先规定或约定 预订：预先订购 检查：为了发现问题而用心查看 检察：审察被检举的犯罪事实 侦察：为了弄清敌情、地形等而进行活动，用于军事 侦查：为了确定犯罪事实和犯罪人而进行调查，用于公安机关
2017年高考语文词语辨析题解题思路
2017年高考语文词语辨析题解题思路 语文网的小编为大家整理了2017年高考语文词语辨析题的解题思路，希望对大家有所帮助。如果有其他最新的资讯，小编会在第一时间通知大家，请大家持续关注语文网。 高考语文试题词语部分，往往虚词、实词、成语各设一道题，足见词语这个知识点在能力型试卷中所处的重要性。考查形式多是在动态的语境中考查词语(包括成语)的使用。从考试能力层级上讲，正确使用词语属于“表达运用”，要求较高。对虚词的考查集中在关联词(连词、部分副词及部分介词)的使用上;对实词的考查，则主要集中在辨析含有相同语素的同义近义词。 在备考高考语文中，重点要做到三个方面的落实：一是落实词义的认读，注重多角度的辨析;二是强化语境意识，坚持“词不离句”的原则;三是重视语言实践的积累，形成良好的语言感悟能力。 近义实词主要有两类：一是同音近义词，二是异音近义词，无论哪种类型，准确把握词语含义，辨析、判断用法迥异或微殊的词语都是不变的考查方向。实词的考查以同义近义词辨析为主。要掌握和运用好同义近义词，关键在于能辨析同义近义词的意义和用法。 1.从意义方面辨析 从意义方面来辨析如词义的轻重。“激动”比“感动”更强烈。“蔑视”比“轻视”词义重。词义的着重点不同。如“诡辩”与“狡辩”同是无理强辩，但“诡辩”着重在“诡”，即欺诈、怪异，“诡辩”就是用欺诈的手段、奇怪的言辞，似是而非的论证，来为自己的谬论辩护。“狡辩”则着重在“狡”，即不老实、耍花招，“狡辩”就是歪曲事实，狡猾地为自己的错误言行辩解。词义的范围大小不同。如“开垦”、“开拓”、“开辟”都有“开发”之意，但“开垦”指用力把荒芜的土地开发为可耕种的土地;“开拓”指在原来开发的基础上加以扩充，两者词义范围较小;而“开辟”着重指开发、新开创，词义范围较大。 (1)辨明范围 很多近义词适用范围的大小是不同的，有的大一些，有的小一些;有的概括的是事物的总的方面，有的概括的是其中的某一部分。只有准确把握词语的适用范围，才能正确地辨别。 (2)把握轻重 词义的轻重不同，它的用法也就不一样。一组词的意义基本相同，但是有的适用于重要的、较大的事物，有的适用于一般的事物;有的表示程度深、性质重，有的表示程度浅、性质轻。 (3)弄清侧重 名词近义词的侧重点区别往往在所指的事物现象的特点方面。动词近义词的侧重点区别往往在所指动作的方式、方法或动作的结果方面。形容词近义词的侧重点区别往往在所指状态和性质的方面。 (4)弄清具体与概括的不同 如：“船”和“船只”都指水上的主要运输工具。但“船”是具体的，“船只”是概括的。如他在湖面上划船。来往船只很多。 2.从用法方面辨析 从用法方面来辨析。A、搭配对象不同。如“爱戴”适用于对上，“爱护”适用于对下。 B、语法功能不同。如“公然”、“公开”都含有不加掩饰地采取行动之意，但“公然”是副词，在句中只能作状语，如“公然侵入”。“公开”是动词兼形容词，在句中多充当谓语，如“真相早已公开了”;也可充当状语，如“公开表明态度”;还可充当定语，如“这已经是公开的秘密”。
高考语文常考词语辨析汇总doc资料
高考语文常考词语辨析汇总 实词（按词头字音序排列） 1．保障/保证 【例句】 ①资本主义的两党制不过是维护资产阶级专政的一种方法，它绝不能保障劳动人民的自由权利。 ②该校采取各种措施，保证每一个教师有一定的时间进修业务，提高专业水平。 【辨析】“保障”强调保护（生命、财产、权力），使不受侵犯和破坏。“保证”指担保，确保既定的要求标准，不打折扣。 2．包含/饱含 【例句】 ①文章的这一段落包含着好几层意思。 ②他的胸中饱含着对祖国大好河山的热爱。 【辨析】“包含”是事物本身所含有的意思。“饱含”是充满的意思。 3．必须/必需 【例句】 ①他们只用了一年多时间、四万多元资金，就添置了各种必需的设备，建起了一座小化工厂。 ②我们必须把经济建设的任务提到首要地位。 【辨析】“必须”副词，表示事实上情理上必要；一定要。在句子中作状语。“必需”动词，一定要有，不可少。在句子中可作谓语中心语、定语。 4．暴发/爆发 【例句】 ①1919年爆发了震惊中外的“五四”运动。 ②山洪暴发给人民生命财产造成了很大的损失。 【辨析】“暴发”是突然发作，如山洪暴发，可引申为发财得势之意，多含贬义；“暴发”不能带宾语。“爆发”本指火山内部的岩浆突然冲破地壳，如火山爆发，可引申为力量、情绪忽然发作，事变突然发生；“爆发”可以带宾语。 5摒弃/抛弃 【例句】 ①摒弃旧观念，接受新思想。 ②为了金钱，他抛弃了家庭，这种做法为人唾弃。 【辨析】“摈弃”有抛弃意，但多用于抽象。“抛弃”多用于具体。 6．波及/涉及 【例句】 ①对伊战争所耗费的大量军费开支必然波及美国经济的发展，继而引起全球经济的震荡。 ②这起案件涉及好几个人。 【辨析】“波及”强调影响到，“涉及”强调关联到。 7．不止/不只 【例句】 ①他恐怕不止六十岁了。 ②水库不只要修，而且一定要修好。 【辨析】“不止”是超出一定数量或范围，动词。“不只”是不但的意思，属连词，用在递进关系得复句中。8．不齿/不耻 【例句】
高考_重点词汇辨析
专升本常见词汇辨析总结 常见动词辨析： 1. 击，打：hit, beat, defeat, strike 2. 穿：dress, put on, wear, have on 3. 适合：suit, match, fit 4. 花费：take, spend, cost, pay 5. 参加: attend, join, join in, take part in, enter for
6. 毁坏：damage/destroy/ruin 9 得到: achieve, acquire, gain, obtain
, divide 15. 看：glance, glare, glimpse, stare, peer, peep, gaze, gape
17. consist of/be made up of/be composed of 18. 辨析：represent/stand for/on behalf of
20. rise, raise, arise, arouse 练习： (1) He _____and walked downstairs. (2) They ______glasses to their friendship. (3) Steam is ______from the kettle. (4) They have ______up to 20,000 yuan for the Hope Project. (5) When the question______, no now could solve it. 答案：(1) rose (2) raised (3) rising (4) raised (5) arose Eg. She refuse to help me. He denied what he had done. Don’t deny yourself pleasure. 不要有乐不享。 练习： (1)—Are you still mad at her —Not really, but I can’t _____ that her remarks hurt me. A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline (2)She _____my invitation because of a previous appointment. A. refused B. declined C. deny D. reject
公务员考试常用词语辨析
泥淖——ní nào烂泥淤积的低洼地，比喻艰难而不易摆脱的困境。 蜕变——属中性词，是通过一段时期的茧封或是焰炼，涅磐的过程，蜕变是美好的，因为会有改变，《谁动了我的奶酪》中道破“改变”伟 大的意义。有对新事物的期盼带来的兴奋，还有对原来的决裂， 珍惜蜕变的过程，拥抱希望。 从而：连词，重在表目的关系即对立关系和因果关系。 进而：连词，重在表递进关系。 因而：是表示因果关系的连词，也用在后一分句的开头，一般单独表示因果，不与“因为”、“所以”等关联词语配套使用。 在下列各句的空格内填上合适的虚词（从而、进而、因而） 1、贪图小利的人往往只看到自己的小圈子，打自己的小算盘________忽视了 国家和集体的利益。 2、由于交通事业的迅速发展，为城乡物质交流提供了更为有利的条件。 3、先提出计划，提出实施措施。 4、下游河床狭窄，河水容易泛滥。 答案 1、从而 2、从而 3、进而 4、因而 发祥地：原指帝王祖先兴起的地方，现用来指民族、革命、文化等起源的地方：黄河流域物产丰富，山河壮丽，是我国古代文化的～。 发源地：1.河流开始流出的地方。 2.借指事物发端、起源的所在。 搁置：放下，停止进行。搁置则不强调阶段，“计划搁置”可以是计划未执行的时候，也可以是计划已经完成一部分的时候。 搁浅：船只进入水浅的地方。〔比喻义〕比喻事情遭到阻碍，不能进行。一般来说搁浅是事情进行到中途的时候有困难，例如“谈判搁浅”，强调谈判已经 开始，只是在进行中出现问题。 勉励：是指劝人努力，鼓励别人。如：老师勉励同学继续努力学习。 勉力：指自己努力去做、尽力去做。如：勉力为之。 勾通：暗中串通，贬义。 沟通：指使彼此通连；相通。褒义。
2020高考语文成语专题近义成语辨析
第 2 讲近义成语辨析——掌控六大区分角度辨析正误只是成语使用的基本要求。有时在同一个语境中，使用几个成语似乎都合适，这是因为一些成语的含义和语法功能相近或者近乎相同造成了成语近义的特点。要在一组近义成语中选择一个最恰当的，这就须辨析。从辨析中选择最恰当的成语是正确使用成语的较高要求。 （2018 ·全国卷Ⅲ 改编）依次填入文中横线上的成语，全都恰当的一项是（B ） 除了人会为了理想奔波迁徙以外，很多动物也有着自己________________ 的迁徙盛举。冬季来临， 天气寒冷，食物短缺，很多动物选择集体逃离，待到春暖花开、万物复苏再一起回来。动物迁徙是有确定路线的。它们对驻地有着自己的坚守和执着，而不是_________________________________ 。对于动物究竟 如何确定自己的迁徙路线，科学家一直都充满好奇。有科学家认为，迁徙动物都有独特的“ 助航设 施” ，它们以海岸线等作为参照，利用特殊的嗅觉和听觉等辨别方向。也有科学家认为，迁徙动物身体中存在磁受体，可以感应地球磁场，它们有自己的生物指南针。更有趣的是，又有科学家发现即使是室内饲养的、从未接触过其他同伴的年轻乌鸦，也会沿着祖辈飞过的路线进行迁徙，也就是说，迁徙的方向感已经由上一代遗传给它们，它们天生就知道去哪里寻找温暖的地方过冬。到目前为止，关于动物迁徙路线确定的问题，科学家仍在____________________________________________________________________________ 地进行探究，我们期待着更加 ____________ 的故事出现。 A ．波澜壮阔随波逐流宵衣旰食引人入胜 B ． 波澜壮阔随遇而安全力以赴引人入胜 C ． 声势浩大随遇而安宵衣旰食娓娓动听 D ． 声势浩大随波逐流全力以赴娓娓动听 [解题指导] 本题考查正确使用词语（包括熟语）的能力，重点考查的是对成语的理解和使用。“波澜壮阔” ：原形容水面辽阔，现比喻声势雄壮或规模宏大。“声势浩大”：声威和气势非常壮大。此处写迁徙的场面有“雄壮”之意，故选“波澜壮阔”。“随遇而安”： 指能顺应环境，在任何境遇中都能满足。也有拘守陈规，不敢变易之意。“ 随波逐流” ：比喻没有坚定的立场，缺乏判断是非的能力，只能随着别人走。语境中没有“跟着别人、随着 以赴” ：把全部力量都投入进去。“宵衣旰食”多用于勤于政务的人，有特定的适用对象，故选“全力以赴” 。“引人入胜”：现多用来指风景或文艺作品特别吸引人。“娓娓动听形容善于讲话，使人喜欢听。潮流”的意思，故选“随遇而安宵衣旰食” ：形容为处理国事而辛勤地工作。全力
高考语文基础知识之词语辨析题集锦含详解
高考语文基础知识之词 语辨析题集锦含详解 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
词语 词义辨析 实词（按词头字音序排列） 1．保障/保证 【例句】 ①资本主义的两党制不过是维护资产阶级专政的一种方法，它绝不能保障．． 劳动人民的自由权利。 ②该校采取各种措施，保证．． 每一个教师有一定的时间进修业务，提高专业水平。 【辨析】“保障”强调保护（生命、财产、权力），使不受侵犯和破坏。“保证”指担保，确保既定的要求标准，不打折扣。 2．包含/饱含 【例句】 ①文章的这一段落包含．． 着好几层意思。 ②他的胸中饱含．． 着对祖国大好河山的热爱。 【辨析】 “包含”是事物本身所含有的意思。“饱含”是充满的意思。 3．必须/必需 【例句】 ①他们只用了一年多时间、四万多元资金，就添置了各种必需．． 的设备， 建起了一座小化工厂。 ②我们必须．． 把经济建设的任务提到首要地位。 【辨析】“必须”副词，表示事实上情理上必要；一定要。在句子中作状语。“必需”动词，一定要有，不可少。在句子中可作谓语中心语、定语。 4．暴发/爆发 【例句】 ①1919年爆发．． 了震惊中外的“五四”运动。 ②山洪暴发．． 给人民生命财产造成了很大的损失。 【辨析】“暴发”是突然发作，如山洪暴发，可引申为发财得势之意，多含贬义；“暴发”不能带宾语。“爆发”本指火山内部的岩浆突然冲破地壳，如火山爆发，可引申为力量、情绪忽然发作，事变突然发生；“爆发”可以带宾语。 5．摈弃/抛弃 【例句】 ①摒弃．． 旧观念，接受新思想。
②为了金钱，他抛弃了家庭，这种做法为人唾弃。 【辨析】“摈弃”有抛弃意，但多用于抽象。“抛弃”多用于具体。 6．波及/涉及 【例句】 ①对伊战争所耗费的大量军费开支必然波及．． 美国经济的发展，继而引起全球经济的震荡。 ②这起案件涉及．． 好几个人。 【辨析】“波及”强调影响到，“涉及”强调关联到。 7．不止/不只 【例句】 ①他恐怕不止．． 六十岁了。 ②水库不只．． 要修，而且一定要修好。 【辨析】“不止”是超出一定数量或范围，动词。“不只”是不但的意思，属连词，用在递进关系得复句中。 8．不齿/不耻 【例句】 ①此人坏事做绝，为大家所不齿．． 。 ②他虽是着名学者,但却不耻．． 于向别人讨教。 【辨析】“不齿”指不与同列（表示鄙视），如“人所不齿”。“不耻”指不以之为羞耻。如“不耻下问”。 9．不及/不如 【例句】 ①《梅花三弄》不及．． 《春江花月夜》幽雅动人。 ②与其花这么多时间打电话，不如．． 骑车去一趟。 【辨析】“不及”只用来比较不同的人或事物，因此只能前后都是名词。“不如”除用于比较人或事物外，还可以比较动作行为的利弊得失，因此除名词外，前后可以是动词或小句。 10．查看/察看 【例句】 ①审计人员仔细查看．． 了每一张销售单据，没有发现什么问题。 ②气象员一天两次察看．． 风向，及时向指挥所报告。 【辨析】“查看”检查、观察（事物的情况），如查看灾情。“察看”为了解情况而细看，如察看风向、察看动静。 11．出生/出身 【例句】 ① 1900年农历8月13日，方志敏就出生．． 在这个山村里。
常见名词辨析通用版
常见名词辨析 ● ability, capacity, capability, competence, faculty, aptitude 【辨析】这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。 ability 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。 capacity 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。 competence 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty 指特殊的才能或智力。 aptitude 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗指接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术思想或艺术技巧。 He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力。 Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福，有的人享不起福。 You have the capability to do/ of doing this job well. 你有能力把这个工作做好。 No one doubts her competence as a teacher. 谁也不怀疑她能胜任教师工作。 Man is the only animal that has the faculty of speech. 人类是唯一有说话能力的动物。 Does she show any aptitude for games？能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗？ ● accident, incident, event, occurrence, happenin g 【辨析】这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。 accident 常指不幸的、预料不到的、突发性的意外事件，如车祸、灾难等，常与by连用。incident 既可指小事件或附带事件，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变、战争等。 event 可指任何大小事件，但尤指历史上的重大事件。 occurrence 和happening 这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件，有时也指偶然发生的事。He had met with an accident on the way. This is why he was late for the meeting. 他在路上遇到了交通事故，所以他开会迟到了。 The other day I came across an interesting accident. 我前几天碰到一件有趣的事。 My father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school. 父亲告诉我他开学头一天发生的一件事。 Don’t be troubled with the incident. 别因那件小事而烦恼。 The May 4th Movement was an important event in the Chinese history. 五四运动是中国历史上一件重大的事件。 ● account, report 【辨析】这两个名词都有“报道，叙述”之意。 account 普通用词，不如report正式，侧重对亲身经历或目睹之事所作的书面或口头的报道或叙述。 report正式用词，多指报刊上的报道，强调对情况经过调查或审核后作出的详尽叙述，具有一定权威性。 The policeman gave an account of the traffic accident. 警察叙述了交通事故的经过。 Tom wrote a report about his discoveries. 汤姆就他的发现，写了一篇报道。 ● ache, pain, sore 【辨析】这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。 ache 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。 pain 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，
最新高考语文近义词辨析大全
最新高考语文近义词辨析大全 近义词辨析汇集一 1.暴发·爆发 二者都有突然发展的意思。"暴发"强调突然性，指突然发财或得势(多含贬义)，还指洪水、疾病等突然发作。"爆发"强调爆炸性，既可用于具体事物，如"火山～～";也可用于抽象事物，如革命、战争、运动、力量、情绪等，如"～～政变""怒火～～""～～力"。 2.必需·必须 "必需"，动词，指一定要有的，必不可少;"必须"，副词，指事情上和情理上的必要、一定要。 3.窜改·篡改 二者都有改动的意思，但适用对象不同。"窜改"指文字上的改动;"篡改"不限于文字，且手段卑劣，也指曲解理论、政策等。 4.法制·法治
"法制"指统治阶级按照自己的意志，通过政治机关建立起来的法律制度;"法治"指根据法律治理国家。 5.反映·反应 "反映"指把情况、意见等告诉上级或有关部门;"反应"指事情所引起的意见、态度或行动。 6.分辨·分辩 "分辨"指分清辨明;"分辩"指用语言辩白。 7.工夫·功夫 "工夫"指时间、空闲时间、时候。"功夫"也可以指前者的意思，但一般指本领、造诣。 8.勾通·沟通 二者都有使双方相通的意思，但感情色彩不同。"勾通"是暗中串通、勾结的意思，含贬义;"沟通"是使两方能通连的意思，不含贬义。
9.化装·化妆 "化装"，一指演员为了适合所扮演的角色形象而修饰容貌;二指改变装束、容貌，假扮。"化妆"指用脂粉等使容貌美丽。 10.检查·检察 "检查"指为了发现问题而用心查看;"检察"指检举核查，考察。 11.交纳·缴纳 两词都有交付的意思。"缴纳"，意思是交出，交付，着重于履行义务，带有一定的强制性。"交纳"一般指向政府或上级团体交付规定数额的实物、金钱，着重指下级向上级主动的自愿的付给。 12.朦胧·蒙眬 二者都有模糊不清的意思，但适用对象不同。"朦胧"，形旁为"月"，表明与"月亮"有关，其意义为：月光不明;不清楚，模糊。"蒙眬"，"眬"的形旁为"目"，表明与"眼睛"有关，指快要睡着或刚醒时两眼半开半闭，看东西模糊的样子。
高中常用词语辨析(e)
each, every 两词均可作形容词，意为“每个”。 each指整体中的每一个，侧重个体概念；every指由个体构成的整体，虽有“每个”含义，但更侧重整体概念，译作“大家，每人”。如： Each child was given a present. 每个孩子都得到了一份礼物。 Every word in this dictionary is important. 这本词典中的每个词都重要。 比较： Every one has a share.（侧重整体）大家都有份。 Each one has a share.（侧重个体）每个人都有一份。 注意两词在用法上有异同： 1）each用作代词，可作主语或宾语；every则是形容词，不能单独作主语或宾语。如：Each went his own way. 各行其是。 Every one (或Everyone) has done well. 每个人都做得很好。 2）each多指二者或二者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，可与of短语连用，但名词前需加限定词；every则指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的“每一个”，且不与of短语连用，常修饰单数名词。如： Each (one) of the boys gets a gift. 每个男孩得到一件礼物。 Every student has a dictionary. 每位学生都有一本词典。 3）each可用在复数主语后作同位语；every则不能。如： They have each done their duty. 他们每人都尽了自己的责任。 4）each和every的物主代词均可用his或their。如： Every/Each member brings their own lunch. 每个成员带自己的午餐。 5）each作代词不与not连用，其否定式为no one；every可与not连用，但表部分否定。如： Not everyone can do it. 并非每人都能做这件事。 Neither/No one succeeded. 人人都没成功。 6）each和every均无所有格形式，不能说each’s或every’s。 effect, result 两个名词均可表“结果”。effect强调事物的因果关系，指由于某种原因直接产生的结果，常译作“效果，作用，影响”。如： Don’t look at the details; consider the general effect. 别看细节，考虑一下总的效果吧。 There is no effect without a cause. 没有无原因的结果。 result普通用词，指某行动、事态终了时的最后结果。如： The fire was the result of carelessness. 这场火灾是由于疏忽引起的。 The effect of the accident was the hurt of his heart and the result, his early death. 这次事故的影响是他心脏受到伤害，而结果就是他的早逝。 e. g. , i. e. 以上两个缩略语常用于书面语中。e. g.来自拉丁文exempli gratia，相当于for example，
高考英语词汇辨析集锦
1.高考英语词汇辨析集锦 1.sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 2. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 take exercise 做运动 3. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job，What interesting work it is! 4. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook. 5. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 6. problem, question problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer 连用 7. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low. 8. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 9. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room. 10. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year. 11. in bed, on the bed in bed卧在床上，on the bed在床上The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed. 12. the people, a people the people指人，a people指民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 13. it, one it同一物体，one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one. 14. that, this that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. T hat's why… 15. none, nothing, no one none强调有多少，nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人 --- How many…/How much…? --- None. 16. anyone, any one anyone指人，不能接of，any one指人/物均可，可接of, any one of you 17. who, what who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位What is your dad? He is a teacher. 18. what, which what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
最新广东省广州市中考语文附录七 常用词语辨析
附录七常用词语辨析 1．【必须必需】必须：表示事理上和情理上必要；一定要。必需：一定要有；不可少。 例句：①学习必须刻苦钻研。 ②煤铁等是发展工业所必需的原料。 2．【诚恳诚挚】诚恳：侧重表示恳切，多指人的态度。诚挚：侧重表示真挚，多指感情。 例句：①虚伪的迎合是友谊的毒剂，诚恳的批评是友爱的厚礼。 ②会谈和会见是在诚挚友好的气氛中进行的。 3．【颤抖颤动】颤抖：多指因担心、害怕、寒冷或感情激动时肢体的抖动。颤动：多指人或事物在外力的作用下而发生的短暂而频繁的振动。 例句：①那个惊悚的画面让我颤抖不已。 ②当我睁开眼睛时，发现地面在颤动。 4．【振动震动】振动：物体通过一个中心位置，不断做往复运动。摆的运动就是振动。震动：①颤动；使颤动。②（重大的事情、消息等）使人心不平静。 例句：①当你拉小提琴时，琴弦就会振动。 ②春雷震动着山谷。 5．【预订预定】预订：事先订约购买东西（一般要交一定租定金，甚至全额）。预定：指预先决定或制定。例句：①如果你想要一张好位子的话，就得及早预订。 ②此书预定作教科书用。 6．【制订制定】制订：创制拟定。制定：定出（法律、规程、政策等）。 例句：①我想和你仔细商量一下再制订计划。 ②新法律现已制定，不得撤销。 7．【质疑置疑】质疑：提出疑问。置疑：表示怀疑，多用于否定。 例句：①助手质疑我的实验结论。 ②地球绕着太阳转，这是不容置疑的客观规律。 8．【义气意气】义气：指刚正之气。也指为情谊而甘愿替别人承担风险或作自我牺牲的气度。意气：指志向与气概。也指精神、神色、志趣等。 例句：①他太讲义气，损害了原则。 ②处理事情不能意气用事。 9．【本义本意】本义：词语本来的意义。本意：原来的意思或意图。 例句：①这个词不能按本义去理解。 ②他的本意还是好的，只是话说得重了些。 10．【功夫工夫】功夫：①本领；造诣。②指武术。③（做事）所耗费的时间和精力。工夫：①时间（指占用的时间）；②空闲时间；③时候（多用于方言）。 例句：①这个杂技演员真有功夫！ ②今晚我有很多工作要做，没工夫看电视。