虚拟语气知识点总结
虚拟语气
第一节语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。
第二节虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
它能实现下列交际功能：
a.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（这种假设或意愿在多数情况下是与事实相反或不太可能实现的。
b. 经常用来缓和语气，使之更加委婉、礼貌、得体，使句子带有推测性和尝试性。
c. 表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪。
d. 表示适度的责备或批评。
e. 表示美好的祝愿或祝福。
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。
如：
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。
第三节虚拟语气在条件句中
NOTE：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：
１．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．
２．在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．（后面详细讲解）
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。
She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）
If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
I f we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.
假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.
假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望）
4. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
If I were not busy, I would have come.
假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)
If I were you, I would go.
假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在主语从句中
A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，表示某事重要、奇怪、自然、必要等；that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形（should可以省略）It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It's strange that he should say so.
I was glad that he should go.
It is important that we should speak politely.
It is a pity that she should fare so badly.
It's right that you should think that way.
这类的形容词还有advisable（可取的），appropriate（适当的），compulsary（必须的），crucial（关键的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），important(重要的)，possible（可能的），preferable（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent （急迫的），vital（极为重要的）等。
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型，表示愿望，建议，请求等主观意愿等。
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should hav e done such a thing.
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
二、用于宾语从句
宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．
He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.
他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
I wish I were a bird. （were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上）
☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
I wish that the rain could stop soon.
☆表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could （would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。
I wish you had come to our Christmas party.
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
would rather，would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句也常用虚拟语气，表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式：
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。
I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。
I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long.我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。
☆用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义：
I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
三、用于表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形”should可以省略．
My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well.我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.
他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
四. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形，should不能省略．
It’s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。
It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.
他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
五. 虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你。
God damn it! 该死的！
The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！
So be it then. 就那样吧。
第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中
If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊；但愿)；
1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示；
If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊！
2 与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时。例如：
If on ly I had listened to the doctor’s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。
as if ( as though) 看起来even if ( even though)即使常用虚拟形式，其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同，表示与现在事实相反（从句意上判断），用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done)，would/could +动词原形。例如：
The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。（act与were发生在同一时间平面上）
He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes之前)
他常常谈起伦敦，就好像他去过那里似的。
She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生) 她常常讲起来没完没了。
虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case，lest，for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用，从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如：
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子
感冒。
虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.
“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.
他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.
“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.
他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)
第六节. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should 放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.
假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
第七节. 含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)
What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)
It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster.
同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone) 2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)
Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it) 3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
I would like to come. 我愿意来。
第八节. 不用if引导的条件从句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.
农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.
我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at sch ool. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?
假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）
要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？
He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.
如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。
与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。
虚拟语气专项练习
1. Jack wishes that he _____ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied
B. had been studying
C. study
D. had studied
2. The millions of calculation involved, had they been done by hand, _____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A. had lost
B. would lose
C. would have lost
D. should have lost
3. It is essential that these application forms _____ back as early as possible.
A. must be sent
B. are sen
C. will be sent
D. be sent
4. It is important that the hotel receptionist _____ that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure
B. must make sure
C. made sure
D. make sure
5. It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent
B. be sent
C. would be sent
D. were sent
6. It's necessary _____ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will return
B. that he return
C. that he returned
D. that he has to return
7. It is important that enough money _____ to fund the project.
A. be collected
B. was collected
C. must be collected
D. can be collected
8. I don't think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned
B. be assigned
C. will be assigned
D. has been assigned
9. The suggestion that the mayor _____ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A. would present
B. present
C. ought to present
D. presents
10. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _____.
A. be put off
B. should put off
C. was put off
D. is to put off
11. You _____ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A. shouldn't have been following
B. mustn't follow
C. couldn't have been following
D. shouldn't follow
12. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office.
A. does not work
B. had not worked
C. not to work
D. did not work
13. Wouldn't you rather your child _____ to bed early?
A. go
B. would go
C. went
D. goes
14. I'd rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don't
B. didn't
C. wouldn't
D. shouldn't
15. Mike's uncle insists _____ in this hotel.
A. staying not
B. that he would not stay
C. not to stay
D. that he not stay
16. As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____ for our defense.
A. had been taken
B. be taken
C. would be taken
D. to be taken
17. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _____ after 11:00 p.m.
A. not to play loud music
B. don't play loud music
C. shouldn't play loud music
D. couldn't paly load music
18. We desire that the tour leader ____ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform
B. informs
C. informed
D. has informed
19. He suggested _____ to tomorrow's exhibition together.
A. us to go
B. we shall go
C. we went
D. we go
20. Sometimes I wish I _____ in a different time and a different place.
A. be living
B. would live
C. were living
D. would have lived
21. I wish I _____ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept
B. might have slept
C. slept
D. have slept
22. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. had got
C. were to get
D. could have got
23. If the whole operation ____ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A. was not planned
B. had not been planned
C. has not been planned
D. were not planned
24. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.
A. must have got through
B. would get through
C. would have got through
D. could get through
25. _____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived
B. Were they arriving
C. Would they arrive
D. Were they to arrive
26. _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave
B. Were she to leave
C. If she leaves
D. If she had left
27. _____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A. Not being
B. Without being
C. Had it not been
D. Not having been
28. _____ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been
B. Weren't it
C. It were not
D. Had not it been
29. If it _____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.
A. isn't
B. weren't
C. wasn't
D. hadn't been
30. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.
A. wouldn't be smiling
B. won't smile
C. couldn't have smiled
D. didn't smile
31. We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. would telephone
C. must have telephoned
D. had telephoned
32. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.
A. would have been here
B. should be here
C. had to be here
D. would be here
33. Some women ____ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.
A. must make
B. should have made
C. would make
D. could have made
34. We _____ to start our own business, but we never had enough money.
A. have hoped
B. had hoped
C. would hope
D. should hope
35. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
A. injure
B. injured
C. had injured
D. would injure
36. "You are very selfish. It's high time you _______ that you are not the most important person in the world", Edgar said to his boss angrily.
A. realized
B. realize
C. have realized
D. should realize
37. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?
A. we are going home
B. we went home
C. we go home
D. we can go home
38. If only the committee _____ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A. approve
B. can approve
C. will approve
D. would approve
39. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ your advice.
A. follow
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. have followed
40. I'm sure he is up to the job ____ he would give his mind to it.
A. if only
B. in case
C. until
D. unless
答案与解析
1. D
译文：杰克宁愿在大学学的是商务而不是历史。
本句是wish 后接虚拟语气的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。
其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+would+动词原形。
2. C
译文：数以百万计的相关计算，如果由人工操作的话，到计算完成时早已失去其实用价值。
本句是条件句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构的用法。由省略if 的从句(had they been done by hand)中的时态可知，C为正确答案。
3. D
译文：这些申请表尽快寄出是极其必要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气用法。在It is important/necessary/… that-clause 结构中，that 从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should)+动词原形。这一结构是否用虚拟语气取决于主句It is important/… that 中的形容词（如本句中的important ）。
4. D
译文：旅馆接待员必须确保旅客登记正确，这点是很重要的。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
5. B
译文：申请表务必在截止日期之前寄回。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
6. B
译文：他必须马上归还字典。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
7. A
译文：重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。
本句涉及主语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。
8. B
译文：汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不合适的。
本句涉及复合宾语从句中的虚拟语气的使用。在以it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。这一结构中的虚拟用法主要取决于作补语的形容词advisable。
9. B
译文：大家都接受了让市长发奖的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。英语中在表示命令、建议、劝告、愿望、要求等词后所接的同位语从句中，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should) +动词原形。常用的这类词有suggestion, advise, order, recommendation, requirement, command, proposal等名词。
10. A
译文：我们都支持你提出的推迟讨论的建议。
本句涉及同位语从句中的虚拟语气用法。
11. A
译文：你本不该跟他跟得这么紧；你本该保持一定距离的。
本句涉及----暗含虚拟句。“should/ought not+ have+ 过去分词”表示“本不应该做某事，但却做了”，含有某种责备的口气。“should/ought to+have+过去分词”表示“本应该做某事，却未做”。
例如：You should have returned the book last week. 你本来应该上周就该归还这本书。（但上周并未还）
12. D
译文：经理宁愿他女儿不和他在同一个办公室上班。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。在would rather,would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。其形式为：
① “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋谓语动词过去时”表示现在或将来的情况。
② “would rather ( would sooner … ）＋主语＋过去完成时”表示过去的情况。
13. C
译文：你为何不让你的孩子早点睡觉？
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。
14. B
译文：我倒是希望你对这个问题先别发表什么看法。
本句涉及宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法。英语中在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well 和would prefer 等后面所跟的从句中，也可用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”、“但愿”。
15. D
麦克的叔叔坚持他不留在旅馆里。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。动词insist 后接宾语从句，从句中的谓语为“should+动词原形（should 常省略）”。常这样用的词有：command, desire, demand, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest 等。
16. B
译文：我作为武装部队的总司令命令采取一切措施进行防御。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
17. C
译文：旅馆的经理恳请客人晚上11点后，音乐声不要放得太响。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
18. A
译文：我们要求导游立刻告诉我们计划有什么变动。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
19. D
译文：他建议我们一块去看明天的展览。
本句涉及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用。
20. C
译文：我有时希望自己生活在另一个时代和另一个地方。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。在wish 后面所接的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气结构。其主要形式有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语+动词过去式；
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语+had+过去分词；
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语+would+动词原形。
21. A
译文：我真希望今天早上能多睡一会儿，可我不得不起床去上课。
本句涉及动词wish后所接宾语从句的用法。
22. C
译文：琼不想马上就工作，她想要是找了工作就不能马上探访朋友了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用“were to +动词原形或should +动词原形”，主句中的谓语动词用“should (第一人称), would (第二、三人称)+动词原形”。
23. B
译文：要是整个手术当时没有预先计划好的话，大量的金钱和时间就白花了。
本句涉及if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法，表示与过去事实相反的假设。与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should 或would +have+过去分词”。
24. C
译文：他当时学习努力的话，这次考试就通过了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词(不包括行为动词)提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。
答案：
25. D
译文：我们后天走，要是他们在这之前到达，我们就可以痛痛快快地撮一顿。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。
26. B
译文：她要是现在就走的话，星期天就到那儿了。
本句涉及if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设。表示与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，从句中的谓语动词用"were to +动词原形或should +动词原形"，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）, would （第二、三人称）+动词原形”。如从句中省去if ，主谓要用倒装结构。
27. C
译文：我当时要是没生病的话，就帮他了。
本句涉及省略if的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it were not for… 表示与现在事实相反的假设。从本句的主句来判断，这是一句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were, had 或should 时，既不能省略if,也不能倒装。
28. A
译文：要不是你偷懒，你现在就已经完成任务了。
本句涉及省略if 的虚拟条件句。虚拟语气也常用于“If it were (had been) not for … ”句型中，意为“要不是… … ”。If it had not been for … 表示与过去事实相反的假设，从本句的主句来判断，这是一与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，与主句中的谓语动词相一致。在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将were, had, should 等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面，用倒装结构。如果句中没有were , had 或should 时，既不能省略if ，也不能倒装。
29. B
译文：要是不太麻烦的话，就给我来杯茶吧。
本句涉及if条件句中的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设。在与现在事实相反的非真实条件句中，主句中的谓语动词用“should （第一人称）＋动词原形，would （第二、三人称）＋动词原形”，但在美国英语中，主句所有人称都用would。主句中也用“could 或might+动词原形”。
30. A
译文：当你掉下来时，如果不是我在梯子下面把你接住，恐怕约就不会这样笑了。
本句涉及if 引导的混合型虚拟条件句。通常情况下，在非真实条件句中的主句和从句所指时间是一致的，但有时也指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。本句中，从句是对过去发生事情的假设，主句是对现在情况的假设。
31. A
译文：我们不知道他的电话号码，否则，我们会打电话给他.
本句涉及含蓄虚拟条件句。有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。除了otherwise外，常用的其他词或短语有：without, but for, but