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中考英语试题语法分类解析

虽然说在新课标的旗帜下要求“淡化语法”，但没有人会否认语法在英语学习中的重要性。而且在各类英语考试中，语法类型的试题仍然占主打地位。那么在中考中，怎样才能做好语法题呢?除了掌握大纲要求的词汇之外，了解常考的语法点也非常重要。在对2007年全国各地的中考试题进行综合分析之后，笔者对常考的语法点进行了一次大盘点。

名词

在中考试题中，每年对名词的考查都占有相当大的比例，一般为6分左右。以2007年四川成都的中考试题为例，此考卷有两篇完形填空，第一篇有5个试题，仅考察名词的题就占了3个。名词的考点主要涉及词义理解，复数形式的构成，不可数名词的容量表示法以及名词所有格等方面。下面节选的一道宁波的中考题就是关于名词所有格的。

【典例】 (2007年浙江宁波)―Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?

―No, it’s about _______.

A. 7 minutes walk

B. 7 minute walk

C. 7 minutes’ walk

D. 7 minute’s walk

【剖析】答案为C。本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时，则只需要加“’”即可，则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes’ walk”。

动词

动词是考试中出现频率最高的词汇，因为动词和时态紧密相关。除考查时态之外，还会常考一些常见易混动词的辨析等。从近几年的命题趋势看，考题多集中在一般现在时在条件或时间状语从句中的应用；瞬时性动词在现在完成时中的用法以及have been to 与have gone to的用法等方面。在中考中，关于动词时态的考题，可以出现在单项选择、完形填空中，还可以出现在词汇或句型的考察题中。当然，书面表达更是离不开正确的时态。关于动词和动词时态的考题在中考中约占35%左右的分值，这确实是一个相当高的比例。

【典例】 (2007年浙江绍兴)You can not imagine how much I ______ on this dress. Is it beautiful?

A. paid

B. took

C. cost

D. spent

【剖析】答案为D。本题考察四个表“花费”的动词辨析。主语为人，且和介词on搭配的动词是spend。

【典例】 (2007年山东威海)昨天晚上你爸爸在看报纸的时候，你在干什么?

【剖析】 What were you doing when/while your father was reading the newspaper last night?

代词

代词是中考常考点之一。代词主要包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、不定代词等。从历年中考命题趋势看，考试范围多集中在以下几个方面：人称代词、物主代词的用法与区别以及一些不定代词如some, any, both, either, neither, other, another, others的辨析，另外，还会出现复合不定代词方面的考察题目。以2007年重庆中考试题为例，仅单选就出现了4道考查代词的试题。

【典例】 (2007年福建福州)―What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?

―I made it by______.

A. me

B. himself

C. myself

D. itself

【剖析】答案为C。本题考查反身代词的用法，by oneself表示“单独；独自”。

冠词

冠词虽少，只有a，an(不定冠词)和the(定冠词)三个，但却是中考必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时也在完形填空中出现。冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法及辨析，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。其中，不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热点，也是今后的考查方向。

【典例】 (2007年四川成都)―Do you know _____ university student who is talking with Joe?

―Yes, she’s my co usin, Kate.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

【剖析】答案为C。university虽然以元音字母u开头，但其前若使用不定冠词时，则要用a。不过此题中不能使用不定冠词，而是特指和Joe说话的那个大学生，故要选the。

数词

数词是英语中必不可少的一种词汇，包括基数词和序数词两种。数词的考查在中考中约占5%左右，考查的主要题型有单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、句型转换等；在听力测试中也占较大的比例。考查的内容主要是基数词与序数词之间的转化、数词的用法和读法、分数表达法等。另外，hundred, thousand, million等数词与of的搭配也是常考点。

【典例】 (2007年重庆)In our city, ___ middle school students want to work as a teacher in the future.

A. thousand

B. thousand of

C. thousands of

D. two thousand of

【剖析】答案为C。thousands of表约数概念，此时，不能和具体数字连用。

形容词和副词

近几年中考试题加大了对形容词和副词的考查力度。题型多以单选和词汇填空为主，当然在完形填空和完成句子中也有所涉及。除考查特定情形下的具体词义之外，考点多集中在原级、比较级和最高级以及由它们所构成的常见句型中，如“比较级 + and + 比较级”以及“one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数形式”以及much可以修饰比较级的情形等。

【典例】 (2007年江苏盐城) The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands.

A. less and less

B. larger and larger

C. smaller and smaller

D. fewer and fewer

【剖析】答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场”。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构，表示“越来越……”。主语为number，只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。

介词

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。除本身具有的含义之外，介词还可以和其他词搭配，表示不同的含义，因此，介词也是中考热点词汇之一。介词的考查在中考中的分值约占7%左右，几乎在各种题型中都能有所体现。从近几年的命题趋势看，介词的考查范围涉及以下几个方面：表示时间和地点的介词，含有介词的固定搭配，between和among的区别等。

【典例】 (2007年山东济宁) Be careful when you come _______ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment.

A. across

B. behind

C. between

D. over

【剖析】答案为A。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。

被动语态

被动语态是中考必考内容之一。只要大家彻底领悟下面的这句口诀，攻克中考中关于被动语态的考题就一定不成问题。这句口诀就是“被动语态必有be done，时态在be上体现”，也就是说所有的被动语态都必须包含“be + 过去分词”结构。值得一提的是，有关被动语态的考题一定和动词时态密不可分。

【典例】 (2007年湖南长沙)―Do you often clean your classroom?

―Yes, our classroom ______ every day.

A. clean

B. cleans

C. is cleaned

D. Cleaned

【剖析】答案为C。句中有every day，主语为our classroom，故要用一般现在时的被动语态。

非谓语动词

动名词、分词、不定式和动词不定式在句中不能做谓语，因此称为非谓语动词。虽然它们不能作谓语，但可以作其他句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语、补语等。非谓语动词是中考中的一项重点考查内容，分值约占5%左右，常出现在单项选择，完形填空，用所给词的正确形式填空等题型中。近几年来的考察热点主要集中在分词作定语、动词不定式中to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差异等方面。

【典例】 (2007年江苏苏州)I’m thinking of ____(邀请) them to spend the summer with me in Italy.

【剖析】答案为inviting。of为介词，其后要跟invite的V-ing形式。

句型(一)

句子若按使用目的来分，可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类。其中陈述句又分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句，疑问句又分为一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句，祈使句有肯定和否定两种形式，感叹句有what和how引导两种结构。那么由此而产生的各种句型之间的互相转换就成了中考常考的语法点。特别是关于感叹句和反意疑问句的考题成为近几年的考查热点。分值约占10%左右。

【典例】 (2007年山东临沂)Lucy usually cleans the cage every two days. (对画线部分提问)

_______ _______ _______ Lucy usually clean the cage?

【剖析】答案为How often does。对every two days提问要用how often。

句型(二)

句子按结构来分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。其中复合句又包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句等。从近几年的考题趋势看，中考考查热点多集中在以下几个方面：并列连词和从属连词的选用问题，宾语从句的语序和时态一致性方面，时间状语从句和条件状语从句的时态问题以及定语从句的关系词的确定等。就分值而言，复合句在中考试题中约占10%左右，且所占分值的比例有逐年增加的趋势。

【典例】 (2007年河北)I didn’t understand __________, so I raised my hand to ask..

A. what my teacher says

B. what does my teacher say

C. what my teacher said

D. what did my teacher say

【剖析】答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。

主谓一致

主谓一致是近年来中考单选和句型转换中常考的内容，其中“就近原则”的命题几率尤其高。所谓主谓一致，就是指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或代词在意义和形式上保持一致。它包括三个原则：意义一致、语法一致和就近原则。下面选取的这个考题就是考查表示数量概念的词或短语作主语时的情形。

【典例】 (2007 年山东青岛)―How much ___ the shoes?

―Five dollars ______ enough.

A. is ; is

B. are ; is

C. are ; are

D. is ; are

【剖析】答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。

2017年中考英语语法难点汇总

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2021中考英语超全试题分类汇编(含解析)

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