自考00015英语(二)语法及历次考题讲解

全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）

主讲人：胥国红

北京航空航天大学

主要内容

?试卷分析和最新出题思路

?重点语法

?备考要诀及学习方法

最新英语（二）试卷主观题统计数据

考题满分平均分

?单词拼写10 2.48

?词形填空10 2.17

?汉译英15 5.53

?英译汉15 10.75

?总分50 20.93

最新出题思路

（1）与课文的关系

往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题

近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题

建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。

(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。

文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。

建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。

每道题的考点：

第一题：词汇语法题

主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；

常用句型。近年来词汇题比重增加。

建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。

历年试题举例：

1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.

[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ

2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.

[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over Ｂ

3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound

comes.

[A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which Ｂ

第二题：完型填空题

主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。近年来词汇题比例有所增加。

建议：“上看下看，左看右看”，即充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。

历年试题举例：

… Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place. 18 , the other people did not believe him.

17.[A] the other [B] others Ｂ

[C] another [D] each other

18. [A] Then [B] HoweverＢ

[C] Therefore [D] Consequently

第三题：阅读理解题

主要特点：文章体裁多为论述文，偶有记叙文，主要涉及文化、教育、风俗、历史、人物故事、社会问题、科普常识等内容，不涉及太专业的内容。文章平均长度为300-350词/篇，总阅读量为1500-2000词。问题以细节题为主，其次是总结题，偶尔有一两道词汇题和推理题。题目的顺序和文章的顺序大体对应。

第四题：单词拼写题

往年考题：多选用考纲词表中的常用词，包括中学词汇，平均词长为6个字母。

最新特点：最近一次考题中单词拼写几乎全部出自下册课文，以A课文为主, 单词长度显著增加，平均词长为9个字母，有5个单词词长超过10个字母，出现了两个超纲词，无一中学词汇。

最新考题举例

36. accompany (1A) 37. boundary (2A)

38. capture (14A) 39. decline (10A)

40. employee (4A) 41. feasible (8A)

42. heartbreaking (14A) 43. grateful

44. increasingly (6A) 45. junction (15A)

46. loyalty (10A) 47. moderate (8B)

48. overwhelming (10A) 49. nominate (10B)

50. participant (5A) 51. persistently (14A)

52. queue (14A) 53. spontaneous (5A)

54. reinforce (12B) 55. undertake (13A)

第五题：词形填空题

主要考点：谓语动词（时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致），非谓语动词（动词不定式、

现在分词、过去分词、动名词），形容词比较级，词性转换。

建议：掌握扎实的语法知识，通过大量做题来消化这些语法知识，力求做到举一反三，触类旁通。

历年试题举例

1. Cancer research ___ (make) all over the world in the past twenty years. (has been made)

2. The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold. ( more likely)

3. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to

shared rooms. (being)

4. These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is ____ (specialize) in

its function. (special)

第六题：汉译英

主要考点：全面考察词汇、语法和句型的运用能力，多考虚拟语气、比较级、疑问句、强调句和一些固定表达方式。最新考题中有三道题直接出自下册课文。

阅卷要求：主要语法错误（如动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、主谓一致、否定、疑问以及其他句型错误）或重要用词错误扣1分；非基本语法错误（如介词、代词、冠词、大写、标点等错误）每两处扣1分；拼写错误每两处扣1分，本大题总扣分不超过3分。

最新试题举例

68．一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。

选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考查定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。

69．随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。

选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。

70．那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。

根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”

第七题：英译汉

主要特点：综合考查词汇和语法，注意定语从句、状语从句、比较级、倒装句的理解。阅卷要求：根据总体印象打分，分为15-13分，12-10分，9-7分，6-4分，3-1分五个档次。

只要译文大体准确通顺即可得分，不要求译得非常漂亮。

结语

知己知彼，百战不殆！

II. 重点语法复习

?动词时态和语态

?非谓语动词

?虚拟语气

?定语从句和名词性从句

1. 动词主要时态和语态表

一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时

主动: do did will do

被动: are done were done will be done

现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时

主动: are doing were doing will be doing

被动: are being done were being done

现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时

主动: have done had done will have done

被动: have been done had been done

现在完成进行时

主动: have been doing

动词主要时态的意义及运用

?

?现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时

英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995

汉语提示语：已经，早已，了

e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.

By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.

?现在完成进行时

从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。

汉语提示语：一直

e.g. The water has been running the whole night.

过去完成时

?said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。

e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.

2) hardly…when, no sooner… than

e.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call.

3) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中

e.g If I had tried harder, I would have won.

I wish I had done better in the exam.

历年考题中的动词时态和语态

1.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years. (has been lived)

2.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there. (had been sent)

3.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. (witnessed)

2. 非谓语动词

动词主要时态和语态一览表

非谓语动词形式意义

现在分词

一般式doing 主动, 正在进行

被动式being done 被动, 正在进行

完成主动式having done 主动, 已经完成

完成被动式having been done 被动, 已经完成

过去分词done 被动, 已经完成

动词不定式

一般式to do 主动,将要进行

被动式to be done 被动, 将要进行

完成主动式to have done 主动, 已经完成

进行主动式to be doing 主动, 正在进行

非谓语动词作状语

?动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语

e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）

He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）

?分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语4）让步状语；5）时间状语

e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend. （时间）

Being very tired, my father didn’t go out with us. （原因）

Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive. （原因）

Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件）

非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构

?Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)

?After having done their homework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）

?After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）

?With homework done, the children began to play. （独立结构）

非谓语动词作定语

?If there is no choice, there is no decision ___ (make). (to be made)

?Do you know the man ____ ( stand) in front of the house? (standing)

?The question ____ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)

?The bridge ____ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)

动名词和动词不定式

?作主语和表语

动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。

e.g Rising early is good for health.

To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.

It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.

My biggest wish is to go abroad.

Seeing is believing.

?作宾语

接动名词作宾语的动词：

admit, acknowledge, avoid, deny, consider, enjoy, escape,

excuse, forgive, finish, suggest, mind, include, involve, delay,

put off, postpone, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be

accustomed to, etc.

接动词不定式作宾语的动词：

want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to,

seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin

接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：

?forget, remember, regret

?stop, continue

?need/ want

?allow doing/ allow sb to do

1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?

Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.

2) I can’t stop laughing. Can you stop to give me a hand?

3)The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.

4)We don’t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.

历年考题中的非谓语动词

1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no

value or importance. (doing)

2.Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

(wanting)

3.It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___

(control) his direction. (to control)

4.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in

experiments may decrease. (used)

5. A life ___ (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. (lived)

6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. (translated)

7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually

impossible. (removed)

8. Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the

morning. (bound)

3. 虚拟语气

第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气

时间从句主句

与现在事实相反did/ were should/could/would + do

与过去事实相反had done should/could/would + have done

与将来事实相反were to do should/could/would + do

should do

第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气

?would rather + 从句

?wish + 从句

?if only + 从句

?as if/ as though + 从句

?It’s time + 从句

第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。

?suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等

动词后接的宾语从句；

?suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference等名

词后的同位语从句；

3. important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在it

is … that…句型中；

4. lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。

历年考题中的虚拟语气

?If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. (would have been)

?He would have given you more help, if he ___ (not be) so busy. (had not been)

?It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. (took)

?It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st. (should finish/

finish)

4. 定语从句和名词性从句

定语从句：限制性和非限制性定语从句

引导定语从句

1）关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：which, that, who, whom, whose

2）关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how

名词性从句

名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

引导名词性从句：

1）主从连词（不在从句中作任何成分）：that, whether, if

2）连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语）：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever…

3）连接副词（在从句中作状语）：when, where, why, how

定语从句和同位语从句的区别

?The story (that) he told me may not be true.

?The story that he has made a fortune may not be true.

2. 什么时候用介词＋which 的形式?

?The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.

?The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.

3. which 和as 引导非限制性定语从句

?He is easy to get angry, which is well known.

?He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows.

历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句

1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.

[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that Ａ

2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to

control his direction.

[A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether Ａ

3. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure.

[A] the language [B] the language of whichＢ

[C] all it said [D] which it had said

备考要诀

?重视课文，英语一考上册，英语二以下册A课文为主，但是上册课文的语法和词汇是学习下册的基础。

?吃透重点语法：非谓语动词、动词时态和语态、虚拟语气、比较级、定语从句，等。?背单词要讲究技巧，以大纲词汇为准，不要孤立地背单词，以词组为主，重视搭配；?加强阅读，选择难度适当的阅读材料，重在训练阅读技巧，提高速度和效率。

推荐材料：

1)大学英语自学教程》（上下册），高远主编，高教出版社。

2)《大学英语自学教程——自学与自测指导》（上下册），高远主编，北航出版社。

3)自考大纲

4)全国高等自学考试英语（一）和英语（二）模拟试卷与应试指导》高远主编，高等教育出版社。

结束语

Before God we are equally wise—equally foolish. (Albert Einstein)

I.每道题的考点

第一题：词汇和结构

历年试题举例：

1.At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help ____domestic

workers from abuse by their employers.

[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect 词义辨析

2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.

[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over 搭配

3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes.

[A] in which [B] from which [C] over which [D] with which 定语从句

2.Almost everything a manager does ___ decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making.

[A] imposes [B] improvises [C] involves [D] indicates

3.American men don’t cry because it is considered not ___ of men to do so.

[A] characteristic [B] tolerant [C] symbolic [D] independent

4. In every major city there are more ___ apartments than there are homeless people.

[A] blank [B] vacant [C] empty [D] bare

[提示]：搭配主要涉及介词和名词、形容词和介词、动词和名词、形容词和名词等的搭配。因此学习单词时必须掌握其固定的搭配。此外牢记大纲词表后列出的词组也会有很大的帮助。

1. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ___ which matter has fallen and ___ which nothing can escape.

[A] towards…towards [B] into…from

[C] out of…from [D] through…through

2. ___ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.

[A] into [B] at [C] over [D] under

___ to form a new government.

[A] purpose [B] reason [C] view [D] goal

___ to buy a pair of shoes.

[A] shoes store [B] shoe’s store [C] shoe store [D] shoes store

3. Five minutes earlier, ___ we may have caught the gunman.

[A] and [B] but [C] or [D] so

4. ___ I’m supposed to work by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.

[A] If only [B] So long as [C] Even if [D] As far as

5. It was there, the police believe, ___ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

[A] until [B] which [C] that [D] when

6. It is not feasible to wait four days ___ the body is used to the new time zone.

[A] while [B] after [C] until [D] then

7. Robots differ from automatic machines ___ after completion of one task, they can be reprogrammed to do another.

[A] that [B] in which [C] when [D] in that

8. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers ___ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.

[A] that [B] what [C] when [D] who

9. Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to ____ the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other.

[A] make it possible [B] make possible

[C] make possibly [D] make it possibly

10. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man’s bed; he ___ heavily.

[A] must have drunk [B] must drink

[C] should drink [D] had to drink

Key: 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A

第二题：完型填空

[提示]：充分利用上下文提供的信息答题。

历年试题举例：

(1) Colter was excited, so he told 17 about the place. 18 , the other people did not believe him.

18.[A] the other [B] others [C] another [D] each other

18. [A] Then [B] However [C] Therefore [D] Consequently

Key: 17. B 18. B

(2) Planning is important in almost anything you do. No matter what you are doing, taking the time to plan 11 can help you reach your goal. The purpose of insurance is 12 you plan for unexpected, costly emergencies (紧急需要). 13 the most important kind of insurance is medical insurance.

11. [A] away [B] on [C] ahead [D] out

12. [A] helped [B] to help [C] kept [D] to keep

13. [A] Probably [B] Unfortunately [C] Conversely [D] Subsequently

Key: 11. C 12. B 13. A

(3) Food in the United States is 13 , cheap, and available twenty-four hours a day, and many people not only overeat, but eat a lot of high-fat, high-calories foods that 14 weight gain. 15 , there are some people who eat anything they want and never gain weight, and studies show that obese people do not eat an excessive amount of calories. In fact, they often eat 16 than non-obese people do.

13. [A] many [B] much [C] plentiful [D] resourceful

14. [A] contribute to [B] devote to [C] subject to [D] distribute to

15. [A] But [B] However [C] Moreover [D] Therefore

16. [A] fewer [B] more [C] less [D] better

Key: 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C

第三题：阅读理解（略）

第四题：单词拼写

［提示］：最新试题出题思路有明显变化，因此以下册课文词表为复习重点，兼顾大纲此表中的中学词汇和上册词汇。

最新试题举例

36. accompany (1A) 37. boundary (2A)

38. capture (14A) 39. decline (10A)

40. employee (4A) 41. feasible (8A)

42. heartbreaking (14A) 43. grateful

44. increasingly (6A) 45. junction (15A)

46. loyalty (10A) 47. moderate (8B)

48. overwhelming (10A) 49. nominate (10B)

50. participant (5A) 51. persistently (14A)

52. queue (14A) 53. spontaneous (5A)

54. reinforce (12B) 55. undertake (13A)

往年试题举例

36. strike (上册) 37. program(上册)

38. civil (4A) 39. quality(上册)

40. expose (6A) 41. overcome (8A)

42. vote (10A) 43. responsible(上册)

44. content (15A) 45. interview (1B)

46. failure(上册) 47. economy(上册)

48. logical(上册) 49. undergo (11A)

50. nervous(上册) 51. abandon(上册)

52. remain（中学）53. promote (8A)

54. detail (12A) 55. hobby(上册)

第五题：词形填空题

[提示]：此部分主要包括谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词比较级和词性变化四部分。谓语动词和非谓语动词详见重点语法，因此此处主要涉及形容词比较级和词性变化。

历年试题举例

形容词比较级和最高级

1.The more stress you are under, the ___ (likely) you are to catch a cold.

2. The ___ (far) away we get from the earth, the thinner the air becomes.

3.We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the ____ (old) its population is likely to be.

4.As Jane was the ____ (old), she looked after the other children in the family.

Key: 1. more likely 2. farther 3. older 4. oldest

词性转化

1. T hese electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is ____ (specialize) in its function.

2.The continuing professional education of ____ (high) educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work.

3.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a ____ (trick) situation.

4.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere ____ (appreciate) of your help. Key: 1. special 2. highly 3. tricky 4. appreciation

第六题：汉译英

[提示]：此部分主要涉及虚拟语气、强调句、倒装句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、

形式主语等语法现象和一些固定表达式。

最新试题举例

68．一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。

A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.

选自下册第9单元A课文后Word Study中appreciation的一个例句。主要考查定语从句和be qualified for 的用法。

69．随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。

As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments will greatly decrease.

选自下册第11单元A课文最后一段的第一句话。主要考查as引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。

70．那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。

The biologist is convinced/ believes that some animal species are faced with the danger of extinction.

根据下册第14单元A课文后的翻译练习中的第6题有所改动。原话为“他相信某些植物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。”

历年试题举例

1．直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。

2. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。

3. 这些问题没有迅速解决是汤姆的过错。

4. 他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。

5.无论他怎么说，我也不相信他。

Key:

1. Not until recently did I realize that language and culture are closely related to each other. (倒装句)

2. We hurried to the school lest it should rain. （lest后接动词原形的虚拟语气）

3. It’s Tom’s fault that these questions are not solved rapidly. （形式主语）

4. The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not. （whether引导宾语从句）

5. Whatever he says, I won’t believe him. （让步状语从句）

第七题：英译汉（略）

II. 重点语法复习

历年考题中的动词时态和语态

1. Much of the carbon in the earth ___ (come) from things that once lived.

2.In the past two decades, research ___ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.

3.Some proverbs ___ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a

friend indeed.

4.___ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.

5.In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush’s approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level

recorded since polling ___ (begin) in the 19302.

6.Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day ___ (make) us

tolerate crime more than we should.

7.So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.

8.The patient ___ (send) to another hospital before we got there.

9.The second half of the nineteenth century ___ (witness) the first extended translation into

English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

10.All the worries they might have felt for him ___ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face.

历年考题中的非谓语动词

1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys ___ (do) is ignored by society as of no

value or importance.

2.Anyone ___(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about

robotics.

3.It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ___

(control) his direction.

4.As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals ___ (use) in

experiments may decrease.

5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things ___ (be) equal, they would prefer single to

shared rooms.

6. This poem, if ___ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.

7. They may have their passports _____ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually

impossible.

8.Her body, with hands and feet ____ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the

morning.

9.I couldn’t help but ___ (feel) this is a very strange life.

10.Let us consider the earth as a planet ____ (revolve) round the sun.

Key:

1. doing 动名词做enjoy的宾语

2. wanting 现在分词作定语

3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语

4. used 过去分词作定语

5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中

6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语

7. removed 过去分词作宾补

8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中

9. feel couldn’t help but 后接动词原形

10. revolving 现在分词作定语

历年考题中的虚拟语气

1.If it hadn’t been for your help, we ___ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more

help, if he ___ (not be) so busy.

3.It is high time that we ___ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.

4.It was imperative that students ___ (finish) their papers before July 1st.

5.They demanded that the right to vote ___ (give) to every adult person. I would rather he

____ ( buy) the house next year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we ___ (meet) them before.

9.Should she come tomorrow, I ___ take her to the museum.

[A] can [B] will [C] would [D] must

10. If we ___ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

[A] hadn’t got [B] didn’t get [C] wouldn’t have got [D] wouldn’t get

Key:

1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句

2.had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句

3. took It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式

4.should finish/finish It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式

5.be given demand所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式

6.should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际

上没有。

7.bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。

8.had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。

9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。

10.A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从by now可以看出），所以变

为过去完成时。

历年考题中的定语从句和名词性从句

1. Studies have shown ___ teenagers often suffer from depression.

[A] that [B] which [C] in which [D] in that

2. It is a well-known fact ___ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.

[A] that [B] if [C] when [D] whether

3.On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order ____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.

[A] which [B] what [C] that [D] in that

4. It is not yet known ____ computers w ill one day have vision as good as human vision.

[A] whether [B] if [C] that [D] how

5. Such attitudes amount to a belief ___ leisure can and should be put to good use.

[A] which [B] if [C] whether [D] that

6.The reason for making a decision is ___ a problem exists, goals are wrong, or something is

standing in the way of accomplishing them.

[A] why [B] because [C] where [D] that

7. ___ developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.

[A] What [B] Whether [C] That [D] Which

8. Very few people understood this contract, ___ was very obscure.

[A] the language [B] the language of which

[C] all it said [D] which it had said

9. Often music was played out of doors, ___ nature provided the environment.

[A] which [B] that [C] in which [D] where

10. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition, ____, to our disappointment, we saw very few high-tech products.

[A] where [B] which [C] as [D] that

Key:

1. A that 引导宾语从句

2. A that 引导同位语从句

3. C that 引导同位语从句

4. A it为形式主语，whether引导真正的主语从句

5. D that 引导同位语从句

6. D that 引导表语从句

7. A what 引导主语从句，并在主语从句中做主语

8. B the language of which引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中做主语

9. D where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语

10.A where引导非限定性定语从句，并在定语从句中作地点状语

2014-2017自学考试英语二(00015)历年真题及答案汇总

2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）标准试题 (课程代码：00015) 第一部分：阅读判断题(每题1分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供 的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart lungs and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't always about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy. A True B. False C. Not Given 3. It is hard to End n safe environment for running.

自考英语二历年试题真题及答案

2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what

自考英语二单词(整理版)

a great many 很多 abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消 above all 首先，首要 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢 acquire vt.获得，得到 acronym n.首字母缩略词 activate vt.使活动，使起作用 actor n.男演员 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment n.调整 administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous a.有利的，有助的 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨 aged a.年老的，老的 Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名) alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) Alex la Guma 亚力克斯?拉顾玛(南非作家) Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德?哈奇逊(南非作家) Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德?怀特里德 allege vt.断言，宣称 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文?布朗斯坦(人名) amplifier n.放大器 amusement n.娱乐，消遣 anaesthetics n.麻醉学 analyze vt.分析 and the like 等等，诸如此类 Andre Brink 安德烈?布林克(南非作家) Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁?福格森(人名) antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 applicant n.申请人，请求者 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定appointment n.任命；约会 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地 argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震 as a rule 通常；一般说来 as for 对于，至于 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 astronaut n.宇航员 astronomer n.天文学家 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 at a guess 凭猜测 at a stretch 连续不断地 at ease 自在的，舒适的 at present 现在；目前 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱attacker n.攻击者 attain vt.达到；完成 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者

自考英语二历年真题及答案(2005-2014)史上最全

2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the

全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集

全国至自学考试英语二历年真题及答案全集 Last revision on 21 December 2020

2014年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 第一部分：阅读选择（第1-10题，每题1分，共10分） 第二部分：阅读判断（第11-15题，每题2分，共10分） 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16-25题，每题1分，共10分） 第四部分：填句补文（第26-30题，每题1分，共10分） 第五部分：填词补文（第31-40题，每题1分，共10分） 第六部分：完型补文（第41-50题，每题分，共15分） 绝密★启用前 2014年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题答案及评分参考 （课程代码00015） 第一部分：阅读判断（第1~10题，每题1分，共10分） 1、B 2、B 3、A 4、C 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、B 10、A 第二部分：阅读选择（第11~15题，每题2分，共10分）

11、D 12、A 13、C 14、B 15、A 第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16~25题，每题1分，共10分） 16、C 17、D 18、A 19、B 20、F 21、D 22、F 23、E 24、A 25、C 第四部分：填句补文（第26~30题，每题2分，共10分） 26、C 27、E 28、A 29、F 30、B 第五部分：填句补文（第31~40题，每题分，共15分） 31、G 32、I 33、B 34、H 35、A 36、K 37、C 38、E 39、L 40、J 第六部分：完形补文（第41~50题，每题分，共15分） 41、born 42、resulted 43、growth 44、manufacturing 45、moved 46、addition 47、fewer 48、machines 49、unnecessary 50、unemployment 【评分参考】本部分无分和1分的计分。语法错误或拼写错误均不给分；英、美拼写均可接受；大小写错误不扣分。 第七部分：短文写作（第51题，30分） 51.范文（略）

自考英语二

III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?

So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.

2020年8月自考00015英语二试题及答案完整版

2020年08月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 课程代码 00015 本试卷共8页。满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分:阅读判断 下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据址文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果读句提供的是正确信息，选择A如果读句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果读句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Bicycle Commuting I may not be a movie star, best-selling author，or millionaire when I grow up，but one thing I will be known for，at least locally，is commuting by bicycle. I's sad to see how few people do even though many could Lots of people eagerly campaign for the reduction of greenhouse gases，but by driving cars，they're sill contributing to the problem. You might be picturing me as an extreme environmentalist (环保主义者)，but I'm not one of those teenagers who wear shirts that say "Help save the world: Recycle." Actually，my interest in exercise，health，and fitness led me to cycling. Cycling can help you lose weight，improve your health，and prevent many diseases. Cycling also carries a relatively low chance of injury. While being good for your body，bicycle commuting is also a great way to cut greenhouse gases. Many environmentalists recycle，plant tees，and drive hybrid cars (混合动力汽车)，but bicycle commuting could be even more effective than all of those combined. You could cut down the amount of greenhouse gases just by commuting by bicycle a few times a week. Bicycle commuting saves money too. When you buy your bicycle and the things that usually go with it. You might be shocked by the cost. But if you think about the increasingly high gas prices, you will know for sure that you can save a significant amount each year by not driving a car. You might think that you don't have time for bicycle commuting Actually. you probably do. You could cut back on your TV time and pick up this activity. It helps you care for the environment，save money，and most importantly get fit. 1. I will write a best-selling book on cycling. ( ) A:True B:False C:Not Given 英语（二）试卷第1页（共8页）

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二）试卷（课程代码：00015） 本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题，写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分：阅读判断（第1?10题，每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease，therefore，allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to

自考英语二00015真题模拟

自考英语二00015真题

7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persistD.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A. request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had been telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy

自考《英语二》2013年10月真题解析

2013年10月真题解析 2013年10月高等教育自学考试 全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷真题解析 （课程代码00015） 本试卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分为选择题。考生必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂作答。 第二部分为非选择题。 第一部分选择题 一、阅读判断（第1—10题，共10分） 短文后列出10个句子，根据短文内容判断每个句子。A是正确，B是错误，C是文中未提及。 Farms Appear in Cities When you h ear the word “farm”, you may imagine the countryside with cows and crops. But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. It may be difficult to believe, but in fact, the technology for growing crops in doors already exists. Farming in the city is already happening. Some vegetables are already grown in greenhouses. Even the scientists at the South Pole research station can enjoy fresh vegetables they grow in their own greenhouse. Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. First, traditional farming takes up a lot of land. Growing crops in tall buildings — called vertical farming（垂直农业）— can solve the problem. Also, fruits and vegetables grown indoors would not face serious threats from insects and weather. Though vertical farms don’t exist yet, experts have created a plan for recycling in such farms. The water from indoor fish ponds would be used to water crops. Gases from crop waste would be used to heat the building. Waste from chicken or pigs would be reused as a source of energy. But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. They say it can be difficult to control climate conditions indoors. Besides, Plants differ in their weather and lighting needs. For example, some plants like warm, sunny weather, but other plants prefer cooler temperatures. That’s not to say these difficulties won’t be overcome —but it will take time. Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created. 【参考译文】 农场出现在城市里（城中农场） 当听到“农场”一词，你可能联想到乡下的母牛和庄稼等等。但科学家说，未来的农场可能会建在一些大城市的高楼里。 此事可能难以置信，可是事实上，在室内种庄稼已经存在了。城市里的农场已经出现，某些蔬菜已经在温室里生长。甚至在南极科考站，科学家们能享用他们在温室里自己栽种的新鲜蔬菜。 据专家们说室内农场可以解决许多问题。首先，传统农场占据大片土地。在高楼里种庄稼（称之为垂直农业）可以解决此问题。再者说，水果和蔬菜室内种植不会受到害虫和气候的威胁。 尽管垂直农场尚未成为现实，但是专家们已经在一些农场创建了再循环计划：把室内养鱼池的水用于浇灌农作物，把来自于农作物的废气用于建筑物的供热，来自于鸡和猪的粪便重新利用作为能源。 但是专家认为垂直农业并不是一件容易的事。他们说，控制室内气候环境是困难的。除此之外，植物对气候和光照需求有差异。例如，一些植物喜好温暖、阳光普照的气候，但另一些植物更喜欢较凉爽的温度。 并不是说这些困难不能克服——但是这将需要花时间。大多数专家指出，建立起第一个垂直农场可能需要五年到十五年的时间。 word “farm” may m ake you think of the countryside. Given [答疑编号0101]

自考英语二历年真题及答案(2005-203)大全

高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the Japanese companies might take a large share of the world market __16__ they were not