理工科专业大学生英语学习负动机研究——以动态系统理论为视角

第15卷第4期淮海工学院学报(人文社会科学版）Vol. 15 No. 4 2017 年4 月Journal of Huaihai Institute of TechnologyCHumanities &- Social Sciences Edition) Apr. 2017 DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-333X.2017.04.035

理工科专业大学生英语学习负动机研究

----以动态系统理论为视角*

李池利

(湖北工业大学外国语学院，湖北武汉430068)

摘要：采用半结构式访谈的方式，以动态系统理论为视角，对理工科专业大学生英语学习负动机进行研究。运用内容分析法对访谈数据进行分析，发现理工科专业大学生英语学习负动机具有动态系统的特征：负动机具有相对稳定性，与学生融合型动机缺失有关；负动机具有动态性，在吸态与斥态之间转化；负动机具有非线性，不同的学习者表现出个体差异性；负动机具有情境性，由学习者在情境因素中反复体验适应而突显出来。研究结果表明了负动机的动态属性，它构建于学习者自我与社会环境各层面因素之间的互动之中。研究结果有助于丰富现有的负动机文献，为负动机研究提供有益参考。

关键词：理工科专业大学生；英语学习负动机；动态系统理论

中图分类号：H319 文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-333X(2017)04-0136-05

—、弓I言

外语学习负动机是当前国内外学界关注的热点之一，主要采用问卷调查并结合访谈法，国内学者对负动机现象进行了较为广泛的研究，国外学者也对负动机现象进行了诸多研究。然而，这些研究大都以调查问卷为主要的研究方法，将负动机看作一个静态现象而进行横切面式研究。当前的二语习得研究呼吁从动态系统理论视角来观察二语习得的动态性。通过查阅文献，我们得知现有的研究中运用动态系统理论对负动机进行历时考察的实证研究还很少见。

鉴于此，本研究拟以理工科专业大学生为研究对象，采用半结构式访谈法对其外语学习负动机进行历时研究，旨在丰富现有负动机文献，为负动机研究提供有益参考。

二、国内外关于学习负动机的研究概述

国外的负动机研究始于20世纪90年代，在D o r n y e i对负动机提出其经典性定义后发展迅速。他认为外语学习负动机是由特定的外部因素引起的某种行为意向或持续行为的动机下降或削弱现象。在这一描述性定义影响下，国外学者主要采用定量法对负动机进行了研究。H a s s a s k h a h对负动机与学习者因素之间的关系进行调查，发现高年级学生与低年级学生在学校和他人这两类负动机因素中存在显著性差异。K im对大学生的负动机进行访谈，发现有意义的目标缺失、缺乏成功经历、将英语用于交际的愿望与在标准化考试中获得好分数之间的矛盾等是诱发负动机的主因。T s a n g发现教师因素、反馈、课堂学习难度和进步获得感对外语学习者的负动机有重要影响。

与国外相比，国内的负动机研究虽然起步较晚，但发展迅速。当前国内的负动机研究以认知取向为主要特点，其典型特征是以问卷调查为主、以质性手段如访谈和回溯写作为辅。李池利对中学生的英语学习负动机进行问卷调查，发现六类负动机因素：教师因素、成绩负面影响、学习环境、英语学能、自信不足、兴趣缺失。苏琪发现外语学能低、学习环境差、教师教学问题、学习兴趣缺失和学习策略缺乏等是造成远程学习者负动机的主要诱因。孙云梅和雷蕾发现不同年级大学生的负动机影响因素不同，他们发现教学内容对大一学生的负动机最具影响力，而对大二学生影响最大的是教学环境。

*收稿日期：2017-03-07;修订日期：2017-04-07

基金项目：中国外语教育基金项目（ZGWYJYJJ2016B54);全国髙校外语教学科研项目（2016HB0051A);湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目（17Q064);湖北工业大学博士科研启动基金计划项目（BSQD14062)

作者筒介：李池利（1980 —），男，湖北咸宁人，湖北工业大学外国语学院讲师，博士，主要从事应用语言学方面的研究。

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