学术综合英语听力原文完整版

Unit 1 Presenting a Speech

Road Building

Good morning, everyone. Today I'l l be talking about the relationship between r oa d building and the development of the American economy during the 18th century. About 300 years ago, the United States' economy was growing rapidly, mainly because of a booming trade in two important agricultural products: grain and cotton.

Grain output in the eastern part of America increased quickly at that time due to the rapidly growing population and the large number of immigrants from Europe. As a result, the demand for grain almost doubled. For this reason, the trade in grain first developed in this part of the country. At the same time, the road system was gradually built up in order to transport the grain from the rural areas to various cities. The road building clearly helped develop the economy quickly in these areas and in the cities as well.

During the same period, farmers in the South could get a large amount of laborers from Africa, and they started to grow cotton. As the cotton output increased, the farmers needed to sell it in other places. As a result, many roads were built to link the rural areas to the cities.

At first, this trade of grain and cotton took place along the coast, or near rivers and lakes. It took place there because it was easy and cheap to transport goods from one place to another. Before 1700, it was very expensive to move the goods by road. So, farmers had to rely mainly on rivers to move their crops to markets.

At that time, there was only one continuous road that existed in the US. It ran from north to south along country roads, which were linked together to make one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads and collected fees from all vehicles that traveled on them.

Eventually, because of the booming trade of grain and cotton, a network of roadways was completed that connected some major cities and towns. Although traveling was still costly for farmers, they soon preferred to move their crops to cities and other areas on roadways rather than by boat because it was faster and more convenient.

So here we can see a rather clear picture of road building in the United States and its impact on economic development during that period.

The Mississippi River in America

Good afternoon. Today we’re going to talk about the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the largest river of the North America. Its major tributaries drain an area of approximately 3,000,000 square kilometers, or about one-eighth of the entire continent. The Mississippi River lies entirely in the United States. From its source at Lake Itasca in Minnesota, it flows from the North almost due south across the continental interior, collecting the waters of its major tributaries, down to the Gulf of Mexico.The

Mighty Mississippi, as it is affectionately known, flows a total distance about 4,000 kilometers from its source. With its tributaries, the Mississippi drains all or part of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces.

As everyone knows, in the past the river was the most important way of transporting goods from the North to the South, or from the South to the North in the United States.

The Mississippi River is also a river that can sometimes get out of control and cause serious flooding in summer. Nowadays engineers use four different methods to control the floodwaters of the river. These four ways are: flood ways,dams, levees and reservoirs. I'll discuss each of these here.

Floodways are the first way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Floodways are empty channels ready to hold water from the river. When the Mississippi River is too high, the floodways are opened and some of the water can flow into the floodways. There are several floodways along the lower Mississippi River, which help prevent flooding effectively.

The second way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River is with dams. Dams are walls that are built across a river to control the water. There are more than 30 dams on the Mississippi River. Dams control the water by holding the water behind them until a decision is made to release it.

Levees are a third way of controlling the floodwaters of the Mississippi River. Levees are earthen walls built alongside a river. They hold the water in the river and keep it from covering the land beside the river. There are more than 2,000 miles of levees along the Mississippi River.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, several reservoirs were built along the Mississippi River to harness the water. They have two functions. One is to hold water, and the other is to generate electricity through hydroelectric power stations. Since the 20th century, no huge flood has broken out of the Mississippi River.

Unit 2 Energy Conservation

An Eyewitness to Changes in China

(Y: Yang Rui, anchor of Dialogue, CCTV-9

R: Sidney Rittenberg, president of Rittenberg Associates, Incorporated. )

Y: Mr. Rittenberg, you are a successful businessman and also a big name to the Chinese due to your close association with the first generation of the PRC leaders. How do you look at the impact that that experience has had on your current perception of China's reform and development?

R: I feel in my heart that what I’m doing today is a continuation of what I was tr ying to do in the that is, I had this ambition, this dream, from the time that I began studying Chinese at Stanford University in 1943，I had this dream of working to build bridges between Chinese people and American people, and to help them understand each other and cooperate together. And I tried to do that in the past, working in China in Mao’s

day. And that's exactly what I'm trying to do today. I really think that what I'm doing today is more effective than what I was able to do in the past.

Y: At that time many foreigners came to China, but you were among the very few who got close to the Communist Party of China.

R: You know, it’s quite obvious to me that the only reason that the Communist Party of China was able to win in the final stages of the Civil War is because of their extremely close relations with the people. The Chinese people that came to know them, trusted them and considered them their representatives. This small peasant army led by Mao Zedong had no tanks, no big guns, no planes, and was greatly outnumbered by the opposition, which was the most powerful armed force in Asia after the Second World War. And yet in only three and a half years, the Nationalists were completely defeated and driven off to the island province of Taiwan. Why? Because the ties that the Communists had with the Chines e people were unbreakable. They had their trust.

They had their confidence and support. And that was something that the Nationalists were not able to get.

You know, the Revolutionary Army was a poor army, even in terms of the food they got. The soldiers had grass sandals that they made themselves along the march. But what made them do it? The fact that they had a vision. They believed that they were fighting for their land, for their family to have their own farmland, and for a fair government that would listen to the people and do what they needed. So this is the only explanation I can think of for why they were able to win.

Y: In the Long March you just talked about, the Communist army had to overcome extreme difficulties. But in the new Long March of modernization today, we are also facing difficulties, though very different. What’s your view of this new Long March? R: I agree with calling this a new Long March, only the barriers are very different. Those barriers were certainly very grim and threatening. Some of these barriers look very good and inviting but actually they are not. I mean, in the days before and during the Long March, the leaders had the task of studying the Chinese reality and getting everybody that they could influence to study reality and from it to derive a set of policies, practical strategies to guide everybody. So people had a shared vision and dream. They were motivated by this common dream to work together. And I think, during the current Long March of modernization, China would need to do the same thing, to gradually study Chinese reality and develop a set of strategies, a common vision and a set of values that most people will share. And then you'll find that you don't have a problem of disconnection between the central government and local governments, or a problem of a big gap between city and country life.

Y: Still, people are wondering in this country why we were able to live with poverty but have problems living with the new wealth.

R: Again it’s the lack of a practical, down-to-earth, realistic vision that everyone shares, in my opinion. I remember after the “Great Leap Forward” when there was a famine, many, many people in Beijing, including government workers, professors in schools, their faces were swol len because people weren’t getting enough food. But nobody admitted that it was because of malnutrition. No one said, “It’s because we don’t have enough food.” You know, I personally don’t think that, for most people, they wer e

motivated just for a distant future dream of Communism. It was because of what the new government had actually already done for the people: workers got their eight hours

a day, farmers got their own land for the first time, the public health campaigns, etc.

These things raised the standards of living, especially during the first five or six years from 1949 to 1955. Tremendous social changes made people feel, "This is my government, they represent my interests, they bring me real benefits.”

Y: What lessons do you think we should draw from the Cultural Revolution?

R: Well, I think the Cultural Revolution pointed out one fact, which actually was articulated by Deng Xiaoping in his interview after the Cultural Revolution with an American correspondent. He said that any government that doesn’t succeed in making life better for most people in China year by year is not going to succeed. And I think that was the lesson that was taught: it’s not enough just to have growth of the economy, you’ve got to make people fe el that you represent their interests and you are working for them.

Y: Besides making people’s life better, there is another core idea of Deng Xiaoping’s theory, that is, the emancipation of people’s mind.

R: I think the emancipation of the followed the Cultural Revolution is equally important to the development of the market economy in China today. But compared to the economic reform, I think the emancipation of the mind hasn’t gone far enough. There’s still the shadow of the old feudalistic habits of governments and individuals in their thinking and in their relationships. When I say a common vision, I don't mean a political code that everyone recites. I mean a feeling that we are working together to build a common society that’s more or less represented b y the eight lines that were raised by President Hu Jintao, the moral code.

Talk with “Harry Potter” –Daniel Radcliffe Answers Questions form

Fans

Q: How does it feel to work with the same group of actors and actresses again?

A: It always feels good working with Emma, Rupert, Tom and Matthew. We have become very good friends and as this is now the third film we have made together our relationships just get stronger.

Q: Are you going to work on any more Harry Potter films?

A: At the moment I am working on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and I will certainly make Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. After that? Who knows?

Q：I really want to know how you manage to do everything you do.

A: I manage to fit in a lot of things thanks to the brilliant organization on the film set, by my tutors who receive a lot of support from my school, and also because I have great friends who I see regularly. I can keep up to date with everything that is going on at my old school via e-mail or text messaging.

Q: Rupert seems to do other movies besides Harry Potter. I wonder if you or Emma has plans to do other movies besides Harry Potter?

A: As I film practically every day on the movie, it is pretty impossible to fit in other films

between times. However, last year I was a ble to appear as the “surprise guest” in The Play That I Wrote in the West End directed by Kenneth Branagh. It was great fun and the first time I had been on stage!

Q: Have you found that people treat you and your new-found celebrity differently in foreign countries?

A: I am always completely overwhelmed by the reception I receive when I visit different countries. People are always extremely kind, warm and generous and I feel very privileged to have visited so many countries and seen some of the most amazing sights in the world.

Q: How does working with the new director (Alfonso Cuaron) compare with your experience with Chris Columbus?

A: First of all, I consider myself very lucky to have worked with two great directors on these films. Chris is, without doubt, the most energetic director I have ever met. He was amazing in keeping us motivated and in encouraging us every step of the way. Alfonso on the other hand directs in a more intense way. The scenes in this film are some of the most passionate and emotion al I have ever worked on, and Alfonso’s style has been very helpful to me.

Q: Have you ever felt like you wanted to go back to your normal life, instead of being famous?

A: As far as I am concerned I am a normal person. I go back to school when I am not filming, I go out with my friends, I go to the cinema —all the normal things that teenagers do. There is an assumption that I cannot leave my house without being hounded — that is not the case. I am able to do many more things than people think I can.

Q: What did it feel like to talk to Dobby the computerized house elf? Is it hard to remember your lines?

A: I loved doing the Dobby scenes. I talked to an orange ball at the end of a stick. It was very detailed work because as he bounced around I had to ensure that my eyeline was in exactly the right position. It was demanding, but when I saw the end result I was really pleased.

Q: What are your favorite things to do during your time off?

A: I am absolutely obsessed with film and music. I am learning the bass guitar and it goes everywhere with me. Also, I have a portable DVD player, which travels with me with a large supply of films. These two things occupy most of my spare time.

Q: Are you a football (soccer) fan? If so, of what team?

A: I don’t really play foot ball but I support Fulham as I live very close to the ground.

Unit 3 Traffic

Driving While on a Cell Phone Worse Than Driving While Drunk

21:44:27 EDT June 29, 2006

Thursday, June 29 —Maneuvering through traffic while talking on the phone increases the likelihood of an accident five-fold and is actually more dangerous than driving drunk, U.S. researchers report.

That finding held true whether the driver was holding a cell phone or using a hands-free device, the researchers noted.

“As a society, we have agr eed on not tolerating the risk associated with drunk driving,” said researcher Frank Drews, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Utah. “This study shows us that somebody who is conversing on a cell phone is exposing him or herself and others to a similar risk — cell phones actually are a higher risk,” he said.

His team’s report appears in the summer issue of the journal Human Factors.

In the study, 40 people followed a pace car along a prescribed course, using a driving simulator. Some people drove while talking on a cell phone, others navigated while drunk (meaning their blood-alcohol limit matched the legal limit of 0.08 percent), and others drove with no such distractions or impairments.

“We found an increased accident rate when peopl e were conversing on the cell phone,” Drews said. Drivers on cell phones were 5.36 times more likely to get in an accident than non-distracted drivers, the researchers found.

The phone users fared even worse than the inebriated, the Utah team found. There were three accidents among those talking on cell phones — all of them involving a rear-ending of the pace car. In contrast, there were no accidents recorded among participants who were drunk, or the sober, cell-phone-free group.

The bottom line: Cell-phone use was linked to “a significant increase in the accident rate," Drews said.

He said there was a difference between the behaviors of drunk drivers and those who were talking on the phone. Drunk drivers tended to be aggressive, while those talking on the phone were more sluggish, Drews said.

In addition, the researchers found talking on the cell phone reduce reaction time by 9 percent in terms of braking and 19 percent in terms of picking up speed after braking. "This is significant, because it has an impac t on traffic as a system,” Drews said. “If we have drivers who are taking a lot of time in accelerating once having slowed down, the overall flow of traffic is dramatically reduced,” he said.

In response to safety concerns, some states have outlawed the use of hand-held cell phones while driving. But that type of legislation may not be effective, because the Utah researchers found no difference in driver performance whether the driver was holding the phone or talking on a hands- free model.

Quake Kills at Least 300 on Indonesian Island

Vice President Says up to 2,000 Could Be Dead

(CNN) —A major earthquake struck off the west coast of Indonesia late Monday killing hundreds, but fears of another tsunami like those that devastated the region in late December have faded.

On Indonesia’s Nias Island at least 300 people died and hundreds more were reported injured or

trapped, said government spokesman Agus Mendrova.

But international news agencies are reporting that between 1,000 and 2,000 people may have been killed on Nias Island.

It is predicted and it’s still a rough estimate — that the number of the victims of dead may be between 1,000 and 2,000," Vice President Jusuf Kalla told the el-Shinta radio station, according to The Associated Press.

Between 500 and 1,000 homes were destroyed, and the island’s public market was ablaze, Mendrova said.

Between 10,000 and 15,000 people ran to hilltops for safety in case of a tsunami, Mendrova said. Many of the doctors and nurses who normally would staff the hospital fled to higher ground.

“We have not heard of any tsunami hitting anywhere,” Jan Egeland, the U.N. emergency relief coordinator, told CNN from New York nearly six hours after the temblor struck.

Still, Egeland said, the earthquake itself was responsible for casualties on islands close to the epicenter.

Dozens of aid officials met overnight in Sumatra to plan a course of action after daylight breaks in the region, Egeland said.

There was a report of heavy damage on Simeulue Island in Indonesia, said Bernd Schell, head

of tsunami operations for the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

Speaking from southern Aceh, Schell said “heavy, heavy shaking” lasted about three minutes.

Based on the size of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration initially urged residents within 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) of the epicenter to evacuate coastal regions.

But no tsunamis were reported along Indonesia’s island coasts, while India, Malaysia and Thailand canceled tsunami warnings early Tuesday.

The quake’s magnitude was variously reported by monitoring agencies as 8.7 and 8.5. The U.S. Geological Survey reported the former after initially putting the magnitude at 8.2; the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center reported the latter.

The main jolt was located near the coast of northern Sumatra, about 200 kilometers (125 miles) west northwest of Sibolga, and about 1,400 kilometers (880 miles) northwest of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital. The U.S. Geological Survey said the quake was 30 kilometers (20 miles) deep.

The quake struck at 11:09 p.m. (04:09 p.m. GMT, 11:09 a.m. ET). It was felt in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and as far north as Bangkok, Thailand.

Unit 4 Social Behavior

The Men’s Movement: What Does It Mean to Be a Man?

As a result of the Women’s Movement, more women are working outside the home, and many men are playing a more active role in family life and are taking on some of the tasks involved in child care and housework. In addition to these changes inside the home, men are today entering occupa tions that used to be considered women’s jobs. More men are becoming nurses and teachers of young children. Other men are finding that they have more

female colleagues and bosses at work than ever before, and they are having to adapt to wom en’s styles of communication and management, which can differ considerably from those of men. At work, as well as at home, many men today in modern North American society have to play very different roles than their fathers did. They are, as a result, joining with other men in a countermovement called the Men’s Movement to seek to provide one another with the support they need to cope with the roles expected of men in today’s world.

Exactly what forms does the Men’s Movement take, and what do men in the Men’s Movement hope to achieve by being active in the movement? To begin with, the Men’s Movement has no unified, monolithic philosophy. Although there are a number of unifying themes, there are also some interesting differences among the basic groups associa ted with the Men’s Movement. Several writ ers who write about the Men’s Movement have identified four basic groups of men active in the movement.

The first group is labeled the male feminists, and these men work for women’s rights and equality between the sexes. Some of the men in this first group are vocal about blaming other men for much of the violence against women and for the inequality that exists between men and women in relationships and the job market. Not all members of the Men’s Movement, however, consider this first group of men to be an integral part of the Men’s Movement. To be sure, the other three groups focus more on men’s issues than do the so-called male feminists.

The second orientation in the Men’s Movement attracts men who join men’s su pport groups to meet regularly and give and receive psychological support in dealing with problems created by the new roles they have to play at home and at work. These men are attempting to learn to better express their feelings and emotions, and to show sensitivity without being ashamed. A third group in the Men’s Movement consists of men who want to get back the power they feel they have lost because of the advances made by women as a result of the Women’s Movement and feminist causes. They are male activists. Finally, there is an approach to the movement called the mytho-poetic Men’s Movement. The men involved in this aspect of the Men’s Movement believe that men should be initiated into manhood as men were initiated when people still lived in small tribes and bands in more ancient cultures. This group initiates men using mythology, poetry (hence the name mytho-poetic), and other rituals, such as dancing, to explore and affirm the value of masculinity and masculine approaches to problem solving. Men who subscribe to this viewpoint worry that too much contact with women and too little contact with other men has turned men into weaklings or wimps.

So, the Men’s Movement is very diverse. A man who wants to join the movement has many options of just how he wi ll explore the question, “What does it mean to be a man in today’s world?”

Husbands and Wives: a Caller form Northbridge

J: And now some final calls for Shirley Sloan Fader and “Wait a minute. You can’t have it all,” she says to working women. Hello.

M: Hi, Jerry.

J: Yes, sir.

M: Jerry, I’m calling from Northbridge, and Shirley, hi, how are you?

S: Hi.

M: This is just one of those days where all day I’ve been getting what I need. I turn on the radio after I’m done doing my housework, and I got what I needed in the last ten minutes I’ve listened. I will

never, ever subject my wife to what she’s been doing since we’ve been married for the last eight years.

During the last year of our marriage, I was the sole worker. She was home due to, you know, unemployment. Two weeks after she started a job, I was laid off. And I just can’t believe it— she would come home and do this and then “Honey, honey —let me do it. Let me do it.” And now I’m sitting in a little office that I had to create in my basement with — I just can’t believe all the things that she accomplished even when she was just home. It’s completely overwhelming.

J: How old are you?

M: I’m thirty-four. She’s thirty-six.

J: Children?

M: Two teenage girls.

J: Right.

M: Lucky us. And it’s a handful. And then, of course, after you’re laid off and everything goes from bad to worse —the washing machine breaks. The dryer’s fine, so I only have to waste an hour going to the laundromat to wash and then come back and dry, and you know it’s just one thing after anothe r. And I tell her about how my day went after she comes home, and she says, “Honey, remember when the washer broke before, when you were working?” And it’s a real trip, and I really underestimated —I don’t know if underestimated is the word — I really took for granted all the things that were done around here and —

J: Are you working yourself now?

M: No, this is just it. Two weeks after she got a job, I was laid off, and now I’m home, and I don’t know how she got it all done when she was working. She was working and doing the housework and the laundry and doing this and taking the kids here and taking the kids there, and it just never ever ends.

S: Right. And that’s why they are so stressed. And that’s why so many people have answered Jerry’s questions say ing their sex life is nonexistent or we won’t ask you.

M: Well, it is right now.

S: Because most men have no idea of how much there is to do, and the women up to now have been afraid —they don’t want to rock the boat. They think it’s going to be a hassle, but they haven’t felt entitled, and the more they understand that their job is doing for their man, they will feel more entitled.

For example, a man who is laid off, as you are, has the time —when there’s another paycheck coming in — he has the time to look for an appropriate job. When a man is the sole support and he has to put the bread on the table this week, he has to take any kind of job he could possibly get, and so her paycheck saves him from that — nicer things. When men come home now and tell their wives about their day, the woman is out there in the world, too. She really can understand.

They are more teammates. The marriage has more support going when they are both supporting the family and both taking care of it.

模板初中英语听力说题稿..docx

初中英语听力说题稿 邵武第八中学严芳 一．原题再现 解答题（共13小题，满分28.5分） 1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6．听第1段对话，回答第6小题． 6．What does Helen think of Shanghai？ A．Modem． B．Noisy． C．Crowded． 7．听第2段对话，回答第7小题．

7．When did Jane take part in the activity？A．Last Friday． B．Last Saturday． C．Last Sunday． 8．听第3段对话，回答第8小题．8．Whose watch is it？ A．David's． B．Lily's． C．Sally's． 9．第4段对话，回答第9小题．9．What kind of fruit does Maria like best？A．Bananas． B．Apples． C．Oranges． 10．听第5段对话，回答第10～11小题．10．What does the woman want to buy？A．A skirt． B．A blouse． C．A T﹣shirt． 11．What size does the woman wear？A．Size S． B．Size M． C．Size L． 12．听第6段对话，回答第12～13小题．12．Where are the two speakers？ A．In a gym． B．In a hospital． C．In a musuem． 13．What was wrong with Lucy yesterday？

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

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