英美文学期末复习名词解释

1、international theme国际主义

James often wrote the pattern of the conf1ict both amusing and serious between American and Eur opean manners and customs.

2、metaphysical school玄学派

Metaphysical poetry is a derogatory term invented by John Dryden and later adopted by Samuel Johnson describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold and ingenious conceits, incongruous imagery, complexity of thoughts, frequent use of paradox, and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression. The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love, death, and religion.

3、Realism现实主义

The tradition of the brilliant school of critical realism in the 19th century continued its development in the early 20th century by the novelists such Butler. Meredith, Wells and Galsworthy. In their works criticism of the bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poignancy. Their books condemned the capitalist order of things and uttered cries of suffering and protest.

4、the “Lake Poets”or the “Lakers”

They are Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who have often been mentioned because they lived in the lake district in the northwestern part of England. They shared a community of literary and social outlook in their work. They traversed the same path in politics and in poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.

5、Local Colorism地方文学

A. It is a unique variation of American literary realism.

B. It is concerned with and emphasizes the characteristics of a small and well-defined region or province.

C. Humor, tall-tales and vernacular are the sources of local colorism writing.

6、Free Verse自由体诗

is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure,( or poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.) instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse forms do, free verse does so in a looser way. Though free verse had been used before Whitman it was he who pioneered the form and made it acceptable in American poetry.

7、sonnet十四行诗

a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes. It was first written by the Italian poet Petrarch who wrote sonnets to a lady name Laura.

8、blank verse无韵体诗

Verse without rhymes. It is typically in iambic pentameter, the dominant verse form of English dramatic and narrative poetry since the mid-16th century. The first practitioner of English dramatic blank verse is Christopher Marlowe.

9、Imagism in Poetry诗歌意象派

Imagism is the name given to a movement in poetry, originating in 1912 and represented by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. (when speaking of images in poetry we generally mean a word or sequence of words that refers to any sensory experience. Often this experience is a sight, but it may be a sound or a touch. It may be an odor or a state or perhaps bodily sensation such as pain, or the perception of something cold.

英美文学史名词解释

英美文学史名词解释 TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-

英美文学史名词解释 1.English Critical Realism English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The realists first and foremost criticized the capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated (portrayed) the crying (extremely shocking) contradictions of bourgeois reality. The greatness of the English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their sympathy for the laboring people. Humor and satire are used to expose and criticize the seamy (dark) side of reality. The major contribution of the critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are the most important representative of English critical realism. 2.The "Stream of Consciousness" The "stream of consciousness" is a psychological term indicating "the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person's will." In late 19th century,

英美文学名词解释(1)

Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecti ng the values of the society from which it originated. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated高尚的. John Milton wrote three great epics:Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Sonnet(十四行诗 A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme Renaissance the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition过渡from the medieval to the modern world.the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Humanism人文主义 Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2>it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the impo rtance of the present life.Humanists voiced their belie fs that man was the center of the universe and man did not

最新城市地理学期末复习名词解释

一、名词解释 1、城市：指具有一定人口规模，并以非农业人口为主的居民集居地，是聚落的一种特殊形态。（P1）。 2、中心地：城市化地区中没有建制的地方，人口不少于1.5万。 3、规模经济：某一生产企业，达到一定的生产规模后，才可能生产收入大于生产成本，逐步达到经济合理的原则，但当生产规模超过某一最高限度后，生产成本又可能上升，以致超过生产收入，达到无利润可得，并要亏本的地步。 4、积聚经济：各种产业和经济活动在空间上集中后产生的经济效果和向心力促使城市发展，当集中程度超过某一限度后，再集聚会带来不经济，产生离心力，需抑制或减小城市规模。 5、逆城市化：整个大都市区出现了人口负增长，人们迁向离城市更远的农村和小城镇。 6、城市职能：某城市在国家或区域中所起的作用，或承担的分工。 7、城市性质：指一个城市在全国或地区中的政治、经济、文化生活中的地位和作用，代表了城市的个性、特点和发展方向。 8、首位度：一国最大城市与第二位城市人口的比例。 9、位序-规模法：从城市的规模和城市规模位序的关系来考察的一个城市体系的规模分布。 10、生长极理论：经济发展并非均衡地发生在地理空间上，而是以不同地强度在空间上呈点状分布，并按各种传播途径，对整个区以经济发展产生不同的影响，这点就是具有成长及空间聚集意义的生长极。 11、城镇体系：在一个相对完整的区域或国家中，由不同职能分工，不同等级规模，联系密切，相互依存的城镇的集合。 12、城市热岛效应：城市是以钢筋混土为主的人造下垫面，有反辐射和热辐射，可使气温增高，因此城市平均气温一般比郊区高0.5-1℃，冬季平均气温高1-2℃，这种现象称城市热岛效应。 13、尘盖：与热岛有关的另一种现象就是有大量微小粒子悬浮于城市上空，呈盖子形状，称为尘盖。 14、均质性：是指城市地域在职能分化中表现出来的一种保持等质，排斥异质的特性。 15、均质地域：是指在均质性能作用下，城市地域中表现的那些与周围毗邻地域存在着明显职能差别的连续地段。 16、CBD：中心商务区是城市中金融、贸易、信息、展览、会议、经营管理、旅游机构及设施，公寓及配套的商业文化、市政、交通服务设施等商务活动和人流最集中、交通最便捷建筑密度最高、吸引力和服务范围最大的区域，同时她也是低价最高的地区。 17、邻里：城市社会的基本单位，是相同社会特征的人群的汇集。 18、社区：一定地域，相互作用不同社会特征的人类生活共同体。 19、社会区：是指占据一定地域，具有大致相同生活标准，相同生活方式，以及相同社会地位的同质人口的汇集。 20、首位城市：在规模上与第二位城市保持巨大差距，吸引了全国城市人口的很大部分，在国家政治、经济社会、文化生活中占据明显优势的城市。 21、首位分布：首位度大的城市规模分布。 22、巨城市：指人口达800万以上的城市。 23、超级城市：指400万人口以上的城市。 24、城市网络化：指由各种现代交通手段、通讯手段、管道和绿地等为载体（网），各类不同功能、不同规模的城镇为基础（络）组成的，具有高度人流、物流、信息流、资金流和能量交换的城乡系统。 25、配第—克拉克定律：一个国家或地区经济发展道路大致沿着从第一产业为主转向以第二

英美文学重点整理

What’s symbolism? 1）Symbolism is a movement in literature and the visual arts that originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, symbolism was an aesthetic movement that encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Hawthorne and Melville are masters of symbolism in America in the 19th century. 2）举例。

48. “Young Goodman Brown ”is one of Hawthorne ’s most profound tales. What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne ’s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?

**ELIZABETH **4. A comparison of the three giants: William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; and Henry James They are the three dominant figures of the realistic period. The forerunner of American Realism is Howells. Though the three writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of the “truth.”While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man. Though Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,”a unique variation (变体) of American literary realism.

英美文学名词解释

1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ， presented to usa comprehensive __picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。 A. visionary / women B. romantic /men C. realistic / characters D. natural / figures 2. Although ____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come. A. William Langland B. John Gower C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. Edmund Spenser 3. Humanism spume from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ，intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the ____ of all things . A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 4. The essence of humanism is to ______. A. restore a medieval reverence for the church B. avoid the circumstances of earthly life C. explore the next world in which men could live after death D. emphasize human qualities 5. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ . A. Christians / Jews B. Jews / Christians C. oppressors / oppressed D. people / Jews 6. In “ Sonnet 18 ”， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves . A. death/ life B. death/ love C. time / beauty D. hate / love 7.In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone. A. delightful B. satirical C. sentimental D. solemn 8. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____. A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology B. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisie C. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideology D. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic Church 9. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century . A. Renaissance B. Enlightenmrent C. Religious Reformation D. Chartist Movement 10.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people. A. romantic B. idealistic C. prophetic D. realistic 1. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests a character study with strong _________ elements .

英美文学名词解释总结.doc

英美文学名词解释总结 Romance:Anyimaginationliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandth atdealswithaheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvi llainsormonsters.传奇故事：指以理想化的世界为背景并且描写主人公的英雄冒险事迹和善与恶的斗争的想象文学作品。 Alliteration:Therepetitionoftheinitialconsonantsoundsinpoetry.头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。 Couplet:Itisapairofrhymingverselines,usuallyofthesamelength;oneoft hemostwidelyusedverse-sinEuropeanpoetry.Chaucerestablishedtheus eofcoupletsinEnglish,notablyintheCanterburyTales,usingrhymingiam bicpentameterslaterknownasheroiccoupletsBlankverse:Versewritteni nunrhymediambicpentameter.素体诗：用五音步抑扬格写的无韵诗。 Conceit:Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlin glydifferentthings.Aconceitmaybeabriefmetaphor,butitusuallyprovid estheframeworkforanentirepoem.Anespeciallyunusualandintellectual kindofconceitisthemetaphysicalconceit.新奇的比喻：将两种截然不同的食物进行对比的一种隐喻。 它虽被视为是一种隐喻，但是它往往构建了整首诗的框架，

周三多版管理学必背名词解释考研复习期末复习

周三多《管理学原理》名词解释 1.管理： 管理是管理者为了有效实现组织目标、个人发展和社会责任，运用管理职能进行协调的过程。 管理是人类有意识有目的的活动； 管理应当是有效的； 管理的本质是协调； 协调是运用各种管理职能的过程。 2.管理的职能: 计划、组织、领导、控制、创新。 3.管理的自然属性： 管理的出现是由人类活动的特点决定的；管理是人类社会劳动过程中一种特殊职能；管理也是生产力。 4.管理的社会属性： 管理是为了达到预期目的而进行的具有特殊职能的活动；管理从来就是为了统治阶级、生产资料所有者服务的；管理是一定社会关系的反应； 5.管理者的角色： 人际角色（代表人、领导者、联络人）、信息角色（发言人、监督者、传播者）、决策角色（企业家、风险应对者、资源分配者、谈判人） 6.管理者的技能： 人际技能：成功与别人打交道并与别人沟通的能力。 技术技能：运用管理者所监督的专业领域的过程、惯例、技术和工具的能力。 概念技能：把观点设想出来并加以处理以及将关系抽象化的精神能力。 7.中国古代管理思想： 宏观的治国学和微观的治生学。顺道、重人、人和、守信、利器、、对策、节俭、法治。 8.泰罗制的三个观点： ①科学管理的根本目的是达到最高工作效率； ②达到最高工作效率的重要手段，是运用科学的管理方法代替旧的经验管理； ③实施科学管理的核心问题是，要对管理人员和工人在思想上和精神上来一个彻底的变 革。 9.泰罗制的五项制度： ①对工人提出科学的操作方法，以便合理的利用工时，提高工效； ②在工资制度上实行差别计件工资制； ③对工人进行科学的选拔、培训和提高； ④制定科学的工艺规程，并以文件的形式固定下来，以利推广； ⑤将管理和劳动分离，管理工作称为计划职能，工人的劳动称为执行职能。 10.泰罗制的四点评价： ①将科学引入管理领域，并创立了一套具体的科学管理方法，这是管理理论的创新，为 管理实践开辟了新局面； ②提高了生产效率，推动了生产的发展，适应了资本主义经济发展的需要； ③由于管理职能和执行职能的分离，使管理理论的创立和发展有了实践基础； ④把人看做纯粹的“经济人”，而忽视了工人之间的交往以及工人的感情、态度等社会 因素的影响。

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

英美文学名词解释(1)

1puritanism清教主义 The dogmas 教条preached by Puritans. They believed that all men were predestined命中注定and the individual ‘s free will played no part in his quest for salvation. This was a rejection of the dogmas preached by the Roman Catholic Church and its rites仪式. The Puritans also advocated a strict moral code which prohibited many earthly pleasures such as dancing and other merry-makings.清教徒提倡严格的道德准则禁止如跳舞和其他许多世俗的快乐的气质。They stressed the virtues of self-discipline,自律thrift节俭and hard work as evidence that one was among the “elect” to be chosen to go to Heaven after death 2Romanticism The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, 残忍的stupidity, superstition,迷信的and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asserted that reliance 依赖upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics 伦理and living. The Romantic movement typically asserts 声称，代言the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status 特权地位of imagination and fancy想象和幻想, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “convention”价值的理解“技巧”和“公约”，the human need for emotional outlets, the spiritual destruction 精神上的摧残of urban life.城市生活。Their writings are often set in rural, or Gothic settings and they show an obsessive 强迫性的concern with “innocent” characters—children, young

英美文学四大思潮名词解释(全英)

Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century.It was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution laid the background for Romanticism. The Enlightenment also had influence on Romanticism .It was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing".famous romanticism writers are such as william Wordsworth:lyrical ballods、william whitman ：leaves of grass Realism beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-19th- and early-20th-century .It was a reaction againest romanticism and paved the way to modernism.the realism is product of europe capitalist system?s establishment and development.the philosophy and science of europe in 19th century has promated its production authors trend to depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism" ,realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized

传播学期末考试复习and简答题集合名词解释等

传播学攻略 一般来说，传播研究的重点是符号学传播媒介，人内传播、人际传播、群体传播、组织传播、大众传播，书上其余的就不用看了， 符号学：两个人物索绪尔巴尔特 1、媒介主要是麦克卢汉的一些理论，如：媒介即讯息媒介是人的延伸地球村 2、人内传播：象征性社会互动（米德主我客我、库利“镜中我”） 3、人际 4、群体：大众与大众社会理论（只知道大众社会理论是什么就行了） 5、组织传播集群行为 6、大众公众群体区别 7、大众传播，主要是效果，如效果研究的几个阶段、主要理论和人物 名词解释： 第三章： 1.符号：任何事物主要它独立存在，并和另一事物有联系，而且可以被“解释”，那么它的功能就是符号。符号分为信号和象征符。 2.意义：人对自然事物或社会事物的认识，是人为对象事物赋予的含义，是人类以符号形式传递和交流的精神内容。 3.语境：又叫传播情境，指的是对特定的传播行为直接或间接产生影响的外部事务、条件或因素的总称。 4.象征行为：指的是用具体事物来表示某种抽象概念或思想感情的行为。 5.象征性社会互动：指的是人与人之间通过传递象征符和意义而相互作用和相互影响的过程。（米德“主我客我”，库利“镜中我”） 6.文化：人类为了传达关于生活的知识和态度，使之得到传承和发展而使用的、以象征符形式来表现的继承性的观念体系。 第七章： 1.大众传播：专业化的媒介组织运用先进的传播技术和产业化手段，以社会上一般大众为对象而进行的大规模的信息生产和传播活动。 2.电子乌托邦思想：认为网络可以解决人类社会的一切问题的倾向。 3.信息环境：指的是一个社会中由个人或群体接触可能的信息及其传播活动的总体构成的环境。 第八章： 1.媒介技术：也称传播技术，指的是人类为驾驭信息传播、不断提高信息的生产与传播效率所采用的工具、手段、知识和操作技艺的总称。 2.热媒介：传递的信息比较清晰明确，接受者不需要动员更多的感官和联想活动就能够理解。 3.冷媒介：传达的信息含量少而模糊，在理解时需要动员多种感官的配合和丰富的想象力。 4.传播者：指的是传播行为的发起人，是借助某种手段或工具、通过发出信息主动作用于他人的人。 5.大众传媒、大众传播者：报社、电台、电视台等媒介机构是从事信息的采集、选择、加工、复制和传播的专业组织，其生产规模巨大，受传者广泛。 6.技术：技术即达到实践目标为目的的知识体系，其中包括操作手段和工具。 7.把关人：传媒组织的一道关口，是一个取舍的标尺，使到达受众的新闻只是众多新闻素材中的少数。

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

英美文学名词解释 2

01. Humanism(人文主义) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. Metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人） It is the name given to a diverse group of 17th century english poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery. The leading Metaphysical poets was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. 04. Classcism(古典主义) Classcism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes. 05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动) Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc. 06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)