The Lighting-Rod Man 译文

The Lightning-Rod Man

Herman Melville

避雷针商人

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔

1.What grand irregular thunder, thought I, standing on my hearth-stone among the Acroceraunian hills, as the scattered bolts boomed overhead, and crashed down among the valleys, every bolt followed by zigzag irradiations, and swift slants of sharp rain, which audibly rang, like a charge of spear-points, on my low shingled roof. I suppose, though, that the mountains hereabouts break and churn up the thunder, so that it is far more glorious here than on the plain. Hark! - some one at the door. Who is this that chooses a time of thunder for making calls? And why don't he, man-fashion, use the knocker, instead of making that doleful undertaker's clatter with his fist against the hollow panel? But let him in. Ah, here he comes. "Good day, sir:" an entire stranger. "Pray be seated." What is that strange-looking walking-stick he carries: "A fine thunder-storm, sir."

真是一场巨大的不同寻常的闪电啊，我想，我站在Acroceraunian山脉里的我的房间的壁炉旁，当分叉的闪电划过我的头顶，撞击到山谷

深处，每一道闪电都伴随着之字形的放射并且伴随着急雨，声音很大，就像是矛头的冲锋，撞到我的低矮的木瓦房顶。我想，尽管山的周围会被闪电所冲击和翻腾，所以景象会比平原地带壮丽得多。听！-有人在门口，谁会在这种闪电天气拜访别人呢？他，一个文明人，为什么不使用门环，而是用一种类似于阴郁的送葬人的咔啦咔啦声撞击门板？让他进来吧。啊，他进来了。“你好，先生。”一个完全不认识的人。“请坐。”他手里拿的那个看起来会跟奇怪像手杖一样的是什么：“真是一场不错的暴风雨，先生。”

2."Fine? - Awful!" “不错？太糟了！”

3."You are wet. Stand here on the hearth before the fire."。“你被淋湿了，站在壁炉前面烤烤火。”

4."Not for worlds!" “坚决不行！”

5.The stranger still stood in the exact middle of the cottage, where he had first planted himself. His singularity impelled a closer scrutiny. A lean, gloomy figure. Hair dark and lank, mattedly streaked over his brow. His sunken pitfalls of eyes

were ringed by indigo halos, and played with an innocuous sort of lightning: the gleam without the bolt. The whole man was dripping. He stood in a puddle on the bare oak floor: his strange walking-stick vertically resting at his side.It was a polished copper rod, four feet long, lengthwise attached to a neat wooden staff, by insertion into two balls of greenish glass, ringed with copper bands. The metal rod terminated at the top tripodwise, in three keen tines, brightly gilt. He held the thing by the wooden part alone. 这个陌生人仍然站在小屋的正中央，他一开始就站在那里，他的奇怪举动令我想要离近了观察他一下。一个消瘦，阴郁的人，头发又黑又稀疏，纠缠并笼罩眉宇之间，他的深陷的青色的眼圈呈现出一种那种无害的闪电的样子：没有雷击的闪电。他整个人都在滴着水，他站在无覆盖的橡木地板的水坑上：他的奇怪的手杖垂直放在他的身旁。这是一根做工精细的铜质的棍子，4英尺长，有一个穿过2个绿色玻璃制成的球状物的插入物，球状物以铜环环绕，通过这个插入物在纵向上连接一个小巧玲珑的木制的东西，这根金属棍子在另一端以三脚架结束。每一个头都非常尖，被镀金了闪闪发光。而他只是握住木头那一端。

6."Sir," said I, bowing politely, "have I the honour of a visit from that illustrious god, Jupiter Tonans? So stood he in the

Greek statue of old, grasping the lightning-bolt. If you be he, or his viceroy, I have to thank youfor this noble storm you have brewed among our mountains. Listen: that was a glorious peal. Ah, to a lover of the majestic, it is a good thing to have the Thunderer himself in one's cottage. The thunder grows finer for that. But pray be seated. This old rush-bottomed arm-chair, I grant, is a poor substitute for your evergreen throne on Olympus; but, condescend to be seated." “先生，”我说，并且恭敬的鞠躬。“难道我有幸得到一个来自全能之神朱庇特唐纳斯的拜访。就像这样，他现在是一尊古代的希腊塑像，站在雨中手握着闪电。如果你是，或者你是他的手下，我必须感谢您为这个山谷带来如此高贵的暴风雨。听：多么宏伟的轰鸣声啊。啊，对于一个热爱壮丽的人来说，能让雷公本尊站在自己的房间里真是一件好事，雷声也因此变得更加壮丽了，但是还是请坐；我承认这个没有经过仔细打磨的椅子，只是您在奥林匹斯山上常青的一个劣质的替代品，但是还请您屈尊坐在上面。”

7.While I thus pleasantly spoke, the stranger eyed me, half in wonder, and half in a strange sort of horror; but did not move a foot. 正如我这样高兴的说着的时候，这个陌生人盯着我，一半吃惊，还有一半是不同于常见的厌恶的厌恶，但是并没有动。

8."Do, sir, be seated; you need to be dried ere going forth again."

“请坐先生，你再继续向前走以前必须把自己弄干。”

9.Iplanted the chair invitingly on the broad hearth, where a little fire had been kindled that afternoon to dissipate the dampness, not the cold; for it was early in the month of September.

我把椅子诱人地放在宽大的壁炉的旁边，壁炉里的火是那天下午生的，来驱散潮湿而不是寒冷。因为现在只是九月上旬。

10.But without heeding my solicitation, and still standing in the middle of the floor, the stranger gazed at me portentously and spoke. 但是他并没有接受我的邀请，他们仍然站在地板的正中间，他趾高气昂的看着我，然后说。

11."Sir," said he, "excuse me; but instead of my accepting your invitation to be seated on the hearth there, I solemnly warn you, that you had best accept mine, and stand with me in the middle of the room. Good Heavens!" he cried, starting - "there

is another of those awful crashes. I warn you, sir, quit the hearth."

“先生，”他说，“不好意思，但是我怕不能接受你的邀请坐在壁炉旁边。我郑重地警告你，你也最好接受，和我一起站在房子的正中间，天啊！”他喊叫道，然后他说起-“这里也会再一次发生那样的严重的雷击。我警告你，先生，远离壁炉。”

12."Mr. Jupiter Tonans," said I, quietly rolling my body on the stone, "I stand very well here." “朱庇特唐纳斯先生，”我说，安静的在地板上摇晃着自己的身体，“我站在这一点事都没有。”

13."Are you so horridly ignorant, then," he cried, "as not to know, that by far the most dangerous part of a house, during such a terrific tempest as this, is the fire-place?" “你真是令人恐惧的无知啊。”他大叫一声，“你居然不知道，有史以来，在这样一个剧烈的暴风雨的天气里，在一个房间里最危险的地方，就是壁炉旁边？”

14."Nay, I did not know that," involuntarily stepping upon the first board next to the stone. “不，我不知道，”不自觉地踏上了离壁炉最近的地板。

15.The stranger now assumed such an unpleasant air of successful admonition, that - quite involuntarily again - I stepped back upon the hearth, and threw myself into the erectest, proudest posture I could command. But I said nothing. 这个陌生人现在展现出了一种令人不快的希望别人听从自己告诫的神态，然后我又不自觉的后退离壁炉更近了，站得最直最有骨气的姿势，但是我没有说话。

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16."For Heaven's sake," he cried, with a strange mixture of alarm and intimidation - "for Heaven's sake, get off the hearth! Know you not, that the heated air and soot are conductors; - to say nothing of those immense iron fire-dogs? Quit the spot - I conjure - I command you." 看在上帝的份上，他喊道，以一种警告和威胁的很奇怪的混合的语气。看在上帝的份上离开壁炉？你知道吗，热空气和烟尘都是良导体，你没有看到那些巨大的碳架吗，离开那个地方，我恳求你—我命令你。

17."Mr. Jupiter Tonans, I am not accustomed to be commanded in my own house."

朱庇特唐纳斯先生，我不太习惯在自己的屋子里被人命令。

18."Call me not by that pagan name. You are profane in this time of terror." 不要以异教徒的名字叫我。你在这个恐怖的时代是一个亵渎者。

19."Sir, will you be so good as to tell me your business? If you seek shelter from the storm, you are welcome, so long as you be civil; but if you come on business, open it forthwith. Who are you?" “先生，你能不能行行好，告诉我你来这做什么事情？如果你在寻找避雨的地方，那你很受欢迎，只要你礼貌，你要有事你就快说，你到底是谁？”

20."I am a dealer in lightning-rods," said the stranger, softening his tone; "my special business is - Merciful Heaven! what a crash! - Have you ever been struck - your premises I mean? No? It's best to be provided," significantly rattling his metallic staff on the floor, - "by nature, there are no castles in thunderstorms; yet, say but the word, and of this cottage I can make a Gibraltar by a few waves of this wand. Hark, what Himalayas of concussions!"

“我是一个卖避雷针的，”这个陌生人用缓和的语气说道，“我特殊的生意就是助人为乐！多么牛逼的雷击！你有没有被击中过？我是说你的房子有没有被击中过？没有？那它最好来一根，”把他的金属棍棒放在地板上引人侧目的敲了几下，“在自然界，暴风雨中没有城堡，但是就在我说这句话时，在小屋里，我挥了挥棍子就能制造出一个直布罗陀来。听，来自喜马拉雅山的震荡。”

21."You interrupted yourself; your special business you were about to speak of." “你打断了你自己，你刚才将要说的你的特殊的生意。”

22."My special business is to travel the country for orders for lightning-rods. This is my specimen rod;" tapping his staff; "I have the best of references" - fumbling in his pockets. "In Criggan last month, I put up three-and-twenty rods on only five buildings."

“我的独特生意就是在这个国家巡游并寻求避雷针的订单。这就是我的样品，”轻点着她的棍子，我有最好的证明书，他摸了摸口袋在这个地方。上个月我安了20到30根避雷针我五个建筑上。”

23."Let me see. Was it not at Criggan last week, about midnight on Saturday, that the steeple, the big elm, and the assemblyroom cupola were struck? Any of your rods there?"

“让我想想，难道上礼拜，在Criggan，大概在周六的午夜，那座尖塔榆树会议厅的圆形房顶不是发生过雷击吗？那些建筑安装了你的避雷针吗？”

24."Not on the tree and cupola, but the steeple" “书上和尖塔上没有，但圆顶上是有的。”

25."Of what use is your rod, then?" ”那么那些针还有什么用呢？“

26."Of life-and-death use. But my workman was heedless. In fitting the rod at top to the steeple, he allowed a part of the metal to graze the tin sheeting. Hence the accident. Not my fault, but his. Hark!" “救人一命的作用，但是我的工人很粗心，在尖塔顶按避雷针时，他让一部分金属擦到了锡制楼板造成了事故，不是我的错，是他的错，知道吗！”

27."Never mind. That clap burst quite loud enough to be heard without finger- pointing. Did you hear of the event at Montreal last year? A servant girl struck at her bed-side with a rosary in her hand; the beads being metal. Does your beat extend into

the Canadas?" “不管这个了，这个雷击的声音那么大不用手指也知道在什么地方，你知道去年发生在蒙特利尔的事故吗，一个女仆在自己的床边被击中了，手里拿着一串金属链珠，你的巡游有没有拓展到加拿大？”

28."No. And I hear that there, iron rods only are in use. They should have mine, which are copper. Iron is easily fused. Then they draw out the rod so slender, that it has not body enough to conduct the full electric current. The metal melts; the building is destroyed. My copper rods never act so. Those Canadians are fools. Some of them knob the rod at the top, which risks a deadly explosion, instead of imperceptibly carrying down the current into the earth, as this sort of rod does. Mine is the only true rod. Look at it. Only one dollar a foot" “没有，我听说在那个地方只是装有金属棒而已，他们本应该在地下有铜制地井的.铁很容易就融化了。还有，他们把针拉得很长以至于变得很细，没有足够的粗度去传导全部的电流，金属熔化了，建筑被击毁了，我的铜制避雷针不会如此，那些加拿大人太傻了。他们把针的顶端弄成球状，而这会造成剧烈的爆炸，而不是把电流神不知鬼不觉地传导到地下，我的避雷针恰恰如此。我的避雷针是唯一真正的避雷针，看，一英尺只有一块钱。”

29."This abuse of your own calling in another might make one distrustful with respect to yourself." “像现在这样，滥用你对别人的拜访，会使别人对你的尊严不信任。”

30."Hark! The thunder becomes less muttering. It is nearing us, and nearing the earth, too. Hark! One crammed crash! All the vibrations made one by nearness. Another flash. Hold." “听，雷声变得不那么模糊了，它就在我们附近，并且贴近地面。听，有一个巨大的雷击。震动说明它就在附近，又一道闪电。抓住。”

31."What do you?" I said, seeing him now instantaneously relinquishing his staff, lean intently forward towards the window, with his right fore and middle fingers on his left wrist. “你怎么了。”我说，看到他突然放开了他的东西，专心致志的前倾身体使右臂靠向窗户，并且将中指放在左手手腕上。

32.But ere the words had well escaped me, another exclamation escaped him. 但就当我的话音未落地，他又爆发出一阵惊叹。

33."Crash! only three pulses - less than a third of a mile off - yonder, somewhere in that wood. I passed three stricken oaks

there, ripped out new and glittering. The oak draws lightning more than other timber, having iron in solution in its sap. Your floor here seems oak. “雷击！只有三下脉搏，距离这里不到三分之一英里。在那边，在森林里的什么地方。我到这里的路上经过了三棵被雷击中的橡树，刚刚被连根拔出并且闪着火星，橡树比任何树木都更能吸引闪电，因为它的树液里有铁的溶液。你的地板好像就是橡木的。”

34."Heart-of-oak. From the peculiar time of your call upon me,

I suppose you purposely select stormy weather for your journeys. When the thunder is roaring, you deem it an hour peculiarly favourable for producing impressions favourable to your trade."

“勇敢的人，（用最中央的橡木制成）从你拜访我的特定时间来看，我估计你故意选择暴雨天来进行你的旅程，当雷声在咆哮的时候，你认为这个时候给人留下对你的生意的良好印象会很顺利。”

35."Hark! - Awful!" “听！真可怕”

36."For one who would arm others with fearlessness, you seem unbeseemingly timorous yourself. Common men choose fair

weather for their travels you choose thunder- storms; and yet —" “作为一个为他人提供不惧怕的人，你看起来不恰当地很胆小，一般人会选择晴天来旅行，而你却选择暴雨天，可是-----”

37."That I travel in thunder-storms, I grant; but not without particular precautions, such as only a lightning-rod man may know. Hark! Quick - look at my specimen rod. Only one dollar a foot." “我在雷雨天四处推销这点我承认，但是并非没有特定的防护措施，这些措施只有一个避雷针商人才会知道。明白吗！快看看我的避雷针样货，一英尺才一块钱。”

38."A very fine rod, I dare say. But what are these particular precautions of yours? Yet first let me close yonder shutters; the slanting rain is beating through the sash. I will bar up." “可能真的是一根优秀的避雷针，但是那些特定的防护措施到底是什么？但是现在先让我关掉那边的百叶窗，斜雨从窗片中打进来了。我关上它。”

39."Are you mad? Know you not that yon iron bar is a swift conductor? Desist."

你疯了吗？你不知道那些铁条都是良导体吗？住手。”

40."I will simply close the shutters, then, and call my boy to bring me a wooden bar. Pray, touch the bell-pull there." “我只是关上那边那些百叶窗，然后拉一下拉铃绳让我的仆人拿一根木条过来。”

41."Are you frantic? That bell-wire might blast you. Never touch bell-wire in a thunder-storm, nor ring a bell of any sort."

“你疯了吗？拉铃绳可能会炸到你。在雷雨天千万不可拉这个东西，或者敲任何材质的铃。”

42."Nor those in belfries? Pray, will you tell me where and how one may be safe in a time like this? Is there any part of my house I may touch with hopes of my life?" “钟室里的也不可吗？请你能不能告诉我在这种时候到底怎样才可以安全？我屋里有没有什么东西我摸了也不会一命呜呼？”

43."There is; but not where you now stand. Come away from the wall. The current will sometimes run down a wall, and - a man being a better conductor than a wall - it would leave the wall

and run into him. Swoop! That must have fallen very nigh. That must have been globular lightning." “那里就是，而不是你现在站的位置。过来，离墙远一点。电流有时会顺着墙下来，而且，和墙相比人是更好的道题。电会离开墙跑到人身上。突然一下！从很近的地方落下来，这就是球状闪电。”

44."Very probably. Tell me at once, which is, in your opinion, the safest part of this house?" “很有可能吧。现在立刻告诉我，你认为这所房子里最安全的地方是哪里？”

45."This room, and this one spot in it where I stand. Come hither."

“这个房间，我所站在的这个点。快过来。”

46."The reasons first." “先告诉我为什么。”

47."Hark! - after the flash the gust - the sashes shiver - the house, the house! - Come hither to me!" “听，经过了闪电和狂风，窗框在颤动，这所房子的窗户，这所房子的！赶快到我这里来！”

48."The reasons, if you please." “告诉我原因，如果可以的话。”

49."Come hither to me!" “快到我这来！”

50."Thank you again, I think Iwill try my old stand - the hearth. And now, Mr. Lightning-rod man, in the pauses of the thunder, be so good as to tell me your reasons for esteeming this one room of the house the safest, and your own one standpoint there the safest spot in it." “再次谢谢你，我想我还是站在之前那个位置吧，在壁炉旁边，现在避雷针商人先生，请务必告诉我，你认为这个房间是这所房子里的最安全的地方的原因，以及你站的地方是这个房间里的最安全的地方的原因。”

51.There was now a little cessation of the storm for a while. The Lightning-rod man seemed relieved, and replied: -

现在暴雨暂时停止了一小会，避雷针商人好像放松了一些，然后回答：

52."Your house is a one-storied house, with an attic and a

cellar; this room is between. Hence its comparative safety. Because lightning sometimes passes from the clouds to the earth, and sometimes from the earth to the clouds. Do you comprehend? - and I choose the middle of the room, because, if the lightning should strike the house at all, it would come down the chimney or walls; so, obviously, the further you are from them, the better. Come hither to me, now." “你的房子是一个平房，有阁楼和地下室。这个房间在中央，所以相对安全一些。因为有时雷电会从云彩里到地面上，有时相反。你能理解吗？我选择房间中央的原因是，如果这个房子真的被雷击中了，雷电会顺着烟囱或者墙下来，所以很明显，离他们越远越安全。现在赶紧到我身边来。”

53."Presently. Something you just said, instead of alarming me, has strangely inspired confidence." “刚才，你说的一些东西，不是警告的部分，令我还挺有信心的。”

54."What have I said?" “我说什么了？”

55."You said that sometimes lightning flashes from the earth to the clouds."

“你说有时闪电会从地面到云彩上去。”

56.56."Aye, the returning-stroke, as it is called; when the earth, being overcharged with the fluid, flashes its surplus upward."

“是的，这叫“回返闪流”，正如它的名字一样，当地面已被充电并且有液体的时候，它会向上发射过剩的电。”

57.57."The returning-stroke; that is, from earth to sky. Better and better. But come here on the hearth and dry yourself." “回返闪流，也就是说，从地面到天空。但是还是请你到我旁边来烤干自己。”

"58.I am better here, and better wet." “我站在这更好，还有湿着也更好。”

59."How?"

“为什么？

60."It is the safest thing you can do - Hark, again! - to get yourself thoroughly drenched in a thunder-storm. Wet clothes are better conductors than the body; and so, if the lightning strike, it might pass down the wet clothes without touching the

body. The storm deepens again. Have you a rug in the house? Rugs are non-conductors. Get one, that I may stand on it here, and you, too. The skies blacken - it is dusk at noon. Hark! - the rug, the rug!" “这是你能做到的最安全的方式就是。。听，又来了！。。在一场暴雨里把你自己弄的彻底湿透。湿衣服和身体相比是更好的导体。所以如果真的被雷击中，电会流过湿衣服而不接触身体。暴雨变得更重了，你的房子里有没有地毯？地毯是绝缘体，找一块，然后咱俩可以一起站在放在这里的地摊上。天空越来越黑了，-在下午的时候就很昏暗了。明白吗！地毯地毯！”

61.I gave him one; while the hooded mountains seemed closing and tumbling into the cottage. “我给了他一块。与此同时被覆盖住的山好像正在靠近并且跳进房子里来。”

62"And now, since our being dumb will not help us," said I, resuming my place, "let me hear your precautions in travelling during thunder-storms." “现在既然咱们什么都不说也没什么帮助”我回到原来的位置，说道，“让我听一听你在下暴雨天旅行的防护措施。”

文心雕龙_神思_翻译

《文心雕龙·神思》原文及翻译 （一） 古人云1：“形在江海之上，心存魏阙之下。”2神思之谓也3。文之思也，其神远矣。故寂然凝虑，思接千载；悄焉动容4，视通万里。吟咏之间5，吐纳珠玉之声；眉睫之前6，卷舒风云之色：其思理之致乎7！故思理为妙，神与物游8。神居胸臆9，而志气统其关键10；物沿耳目，而辞令管其枢机11。枢机方通12，则物无隐貌；关键将塞13，则神有遁心14。是以陶钧文思15，贵在虚静，疏瀹五藏16，澡雪精神17。积学以储宝18，酌理以富才19，研阅以穷照20，驯致以怿辞21。然后使玄解之宰22，寻声律而定墨23；独照之匠24，窥意象而运斤25。此盖驭文之首术26，谋篇之大端27。夫神思方运，万涂竞萌28；规矩虚位29，刻镂无形30。登山则情满于山31，观海则意溢于海；我才之多少，将与风云而并驱矣。方其搦翰32，气倍辞前33；暨乎篇成34，半折心始35。何则？意翻空而易奇36，言征实而难巧也37。是以意授于思，言授于意；密则无际38，疏则千里39。或理在方寸40，而求之域表41；或义在咫尺42，而思隔山河。是以秉心养术43，无务苦虑44；含章司契45，不必劳情也46。 〔译文〕 古人曾说：“有的人身在江湖，心神却系念着朝廷。”这里说的就是精神上的活动。作家写作时的构思，他的精神活动也是无边无际的。所以当作家静静地思考的时候，他可以联想到千年之前；而在他的容颜隐隐地有所变化的时候，他已观察到万里之外去了。作家在吟哦推敲之中，就像听到了珠玉般悦耳的声音；当他注目凝思，眼前就出现了风云般变幻的景色：这就是构思的效果啊！由此可见，构思的妙处，是在使作家的精神与物象融会贯通。精神蕴藏在内心，却为人的情志和气质所支配；外物接触到作者的耳目，主要是靠优美的语言来表达。如果语言运用得好，那么事物的形貌就可完全刻划出来；若是支配精神的关键有了阻塞，那么精神就不能集中了。因此，在进行构思的时候，必须做到沉寂宁静，思考专一，使内心通畅，精神净化。为了做好构思工作，首先要认真学习来积累自己的知识，其次要辨明事理来丰富自己的才华，再次要参考自己的生活经验来获得对事物的彻底理解，最后要训练自己的情致来恰切地运用文辞。这样才能使懂得深奥道理的心灵，探索写作技巧来定绳墨；正如一个有独到见解的工匠，根据想象中的样子来运用工具一样。这是写作的主要手法，也是考虑全篇布局时必须注意的要点。在作家开始构思时，无数的意念都涌上心头；作家要对这些抽象的意念给以具体的形态，把尚未定形的事物都精雕细刻起来。作家一想到登山，脑中便充满着山的秀色；一想到观海，心里便洋溢着海的奇景。不管作者才华的多少，他的构思都可以随着流风浮云而任意驰骋。在刚拿起笔来的时候，旺盛的气势大大超过文辞本身；等到文章写成的时候，比起开始所想的要打个对折。为什么呢？因为文意出于想象，所以容易出色；但语言比较实在，所以不易见巧。由此可见，文章的内容来自作者的思想，而语言又受内容的支配。如果结合得密切，就如天衣无缝，否则就会远隔千里。有时某些道理就在自己心里，却反而到天涯去搜求；有时某些意思本来就在跟前，却又像隔着山河似的。所以要驾驭好自己的心灵，锻炼好写作的方法，而无须苦思焦虑；应掌握好写作的规则，而不必过分劳累自己的心情。 〔注释〕 1古人：指战国时魏国的公子牟。他的话载《庄子·让王》：“中山公子牟谓瞻子曰：‘身在江海之上，心居乎魏阙之下，奈何！’” 2“形在”二句：原指身在江湖，心在朝廷。这里借喻文学创作的构思活动。魏阙（què却）：指朝廷。魏：高大。 3神思：宗炳《画山水序》：“圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思。”（《全宋文》卷二十） 4悄（qiǎo巧）：静寂。 5“吟咏”二句：指作家刚沉吟构思，文章尚未写成，可是在作家心目中，好像已听到那篇未来作品的音节铿锵了。吐纳：发出。 6睫（jié节）：眼毛。 7致：达到。 8神与物游：指作者的精神与外物的形象密切结合，一起活动。 9胸臆：指内心。臆：胸。 10志气：作者主观的情志、气质。统：率领，管理。 11辞令：动听的言语。枢机：指主要部分。《周易·系辞上》：“言行，君子之枢机，枢机之发，荣辱之主也。”孔颖达疏： “枢，谓户枢；机，谓弩牙。言户枢之转， 或明或暗；弩牙之发，或中或否，犹言行之 动，从身而发，以及于物，或是或非也。” 12枢机：这里指“辞令”。 13关键：这里指“志气”。 14遁：隐避。 15陶：制瓦器。钧：造瓦器的转轮。 这里以“陶钧”指文思的掌握和酝酿。 16瀹（yuè月）：疏通。藏：同“脏”， 内脏。 17雪：洗涤。《庄子·知北游》：“老 聃曰：‘汝齐（斋）戒疏瀹而（你）心，澡 雪而精神。’” 18宝：这里指人的知识。 19酌：斟酌，有考虑、思辨的意思。 20阅：阅历、经验。穷：探索到底。 照：察看，引申为理解。 21致：情致。怿（yì意）：一作“绎”， 译文据“绎”字。“绎”是整理、运用。 22玄：指深奥难懂的事物或道理。宰： 主宰，这里指作家的心灵。 23声律：指作品的音节。安排音节本 来只是写作的技巧之一，这里用以代表一切 写作技巧。墨：绳墨。“墨”与下句“斤” 相对，和《文选·琴赋》中的“离子督墨， 匠石奋斤”用法同。 24独照：独到的理解。 25窥：视。意象：意中之象，指构思 过程中客观事物在作者头脑中构成的形象。 斤：斧。 26驭文：就是写作。驭：驾驭，控制。 术：方法。 27大端：重大的端绪，也就是要点。 28万涂：即万途，指思绪很多。 29规：画圆形的器具。矩：画方形的 器具。这里是用“规矩”指赋予事物以一定 的形态。虚位：指抽象的东西。 30镂（l?u漏）：也是刻。无形：和 上句“虚位”意同，这两句和陆机《文赋》 中说的“课虚无以责有，叩寂寞而求音”意 义相近，都指通过艺术构思而赋予抽象的东 西以生动具体的形象。 31登山：指构思中想到登山的情景。 下句“观海”同。

古代晋灵公不君、齐晋鞌之战原文及译文

晋灵公不君（宣公二年） 原文： 晋灵公不君。厚敛以雕墙。从台上弹人，而观其辟丸也。宰夫胹熊蹯不熟，杀之，寘诸畚，使妇人载以过朝。赵盾、士季见其手，问其故而患之。将谏，士季曰：“谏而不入，则莫之继也。会请先，不入，则子继之。”三进及溜，而后视之，曰：“吾知所过矣，将改之。”稽首而对曰：“人谁无过？过而能改，善莫大焉。诗曰：‘靡不有初，鲜克有终。’夫如是，则能补过者鲜矣。君能有终，则社稷之固也，岂惟群臣赖之。又曰：‘衮职有阙，惟仲山甫补之。’能补过也。君能补过，衮不废矣。” 犹不改。宣子骤谏，公患之，使鉏麑贼之。晨往，寝门辟矣，盛服将朝。尚早，坐而假寐。麑退，叹而言曰：“不忘恭敬，民之主也。贼民之主，不忠；弃君之命，不信。有一于此，不如死也！”触槐而死。 秋九月，晋侯饮赵盾酒，伏甲将攻之。其右提弥明知之，趋登曰：“臣侍君宴，过三爵，非礼也。”遂扶以下。公嗾夫獒焉。明搏而杀之。盾曰：“弃人用犬，虽猛何为！”斗且出。提弥明死之。 初，宣子田于首山，舍于翳桑。见灵辄饿，问其病。曰：“不食三日矣！”食之，舍其半。问之，曰：“宦三年矣，未知母之存否。今近焉，请以遗之。”使尽之，而为之箪食与肉，寘诸橐以与之。既而与为公介，倒戟以御公徒，而免之。问何故，对曰：“翳桑之饿人也。”问其名居，不告而退。——遂自亡也。 乙丑，赵穿①攻灵公于桃园。宣子未出山而复。大史书曰：“赵盾弑其君。”以示于朝。宣子曰：“不然。”对曰：“子为正卿，亡不越竟，反不讨贼，非子而谁？”宣子曰：“呜呼!‘我之怀矣，自诒伊戚。’其我之谓矣。” 孔子曰：“董狐，古之良史也，书法不隐。赵宣子，古之良大夫也，为法受恶。惜也，越竞乃免。” 译文： 晋灵公不行君王之道。他向人民收取沉重的税赋以雕饰宫墙。他从高台上用弹弓弹人，然后观赏他们躲避弹丸的样子。他的厨子做熊掌，没有炖熟，晋灵公就把他杀了，把他的尸体装在草筐中，让宫女用车载着经过朝廷。赵盾和士季看到露出来的手臂，询问原由后感到很忧虑。他们准备向晋灵公进谏，士季说：“如果您去进谏而君王不听，那就没有人能够再接着进谏了。还请让我先来吧，不行的话，您再接着来。”士季往前走了三回，行了三回礼，一直到屋檐下，晋灵公才抬头看他。晋灵公说：“我知道我的过错了，我会改过的。”士季叩头回答道：“谁能没有过错呢？有过错而能改掉，这就是最大的善事了。《诗经》说：‘没有人向善没有一个开始的，但却很少有坚持到底的。’如果是这样，那么能弥补过失的人是很少的。您如能坚持向善，那么江山就稳固了，不只是大臣们有所依靠啊。

大英3课后翻译

新标准大学英语综合教程3 汉译英英译汉 1. Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university. Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don't have to think much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties. 2. 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公， 而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at) After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule. 1. We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance like this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. 我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 2. Tomorrow? It's all a lie; there isn't a tomorrow. There's only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. It doesn't even exist. When you wake up in the morning it'll be today again and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak (at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don't invest your time wisely), will be gone and you'll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of "could haves", "should haves" and "would haves". 明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。 1.

高级英语课文翻译

青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑 ,, 同时越 来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation, ” he said, “ our generation views the adult world with great skepticism, there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world. ”很 明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他 们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。 对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿 什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this:“ The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they can’ t do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without. ” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这 样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ ve got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通 常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1）脱离传统社会

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