英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12单元参考答案

Unit1

1.Every life has its roses and thorns.

人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)

2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.

我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里

3.He carried his age astonishingly well.

他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。

4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.

她再也不愿相信任何男人了.

5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.

他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。

6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.

尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。

7.Y et China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.

而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、

他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.

9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.

索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。

10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodile

tears with a big handkerchief.

他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

11.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it,of not being

conscious of health until we are ill.

还是那句老话：物失方知可贵，病时倍思健康。

12.When we are in buoyant health,death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it .The days

stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.

当我们年富力强时，死亡几乎是难以想象的事。我们很少想到死。来日方长，前途无量。

于是，我们忙于琐碎的事物，根本意识不到我们对生命的漠然态度

13.A greeting card can warm a heart,hold a hand ,lend an ear,pat a back light up a face,tickle a

funny bone,dry an eye,surprise a child,woo a sweetheart,toast a bride,welcome a stranger,wave a good-bye,shout a bravo,blow a kiss,mend a quarrel,ease a pain,bost a morale,stop a worry and start a tradition.

一张贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，缭的心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人一温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以平息争吵，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。

Unit2

1.Needing some light to see by,the burglar crossed the room with a light step to light the light

with the light green shade.

夜贼需要一点亮光来辨识四周，于是轻步穿过房间，去点亮带有浅绿色灯罩的灯。

2.All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.

这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律。

3.Payment are subject to change in keeping with inflation

支付随通货膨胀的变化而变化。.

4.Subject to the fulfilment of other formalities,they shall be granted all necessary permits.

在他们履行其他正式手续的条件下，可授予他们一切必要的执照

5.Before it begins to work,the yeast is subject to disruption caused by fluctuations in

temperature.

酵母在发酵之前，易受温度起伏变化的干扰。

6.Accession shall be subject to approval of a two-third vote of the Directors of the Government

Body.

就任须得到董事会三分之二以上的成员同意。

7.Samples are subject to a series of tests in the lab,te object of which is largely to determine the

correct processing methods to be adopted in each case.

样品在实验室经过一系列的检验，其主要目的在于针对不同情况来决定采用恰当的加工方法。

8.The mechanism o the process,slow and delicate,often escapes our attention.

这种作用过程既缓慢又微妙，经常逃过微妙的注意。

9.Under capitalism drugs and alcohol are used by some as an escape mechanism.

在资本主义社会，毒品和酒被一些人用作逃避现实的途径。

10.But people are apt to marvel at an ingenious mechanism and obliterate the man who makes it.

但是人们往往对精巧的器械大为惊异，却忘记了制造它的人。

11.Perhaps this is the very mechanism of the creators of our nation who hold these truths to be

self-evident.

我们国家的缔造者们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，或许这正是他们的匠心所在。

12.And,again as a result of the development of modern technology,mechanism in philosophy

became an upstart.

随着现代技术的发展，哲学中的机械论再度变得盛极一时。

13.The two model cariants of the socialist economic mechanism are to be distinguished from the

point of view of market function.

对于社会主义经济体制的两种模式需要从市场功能的观点来加以区别。

Unit3

1.With the passage of time,my admiration for him grew more more and more.

我对她的仰慕之情与日剧增

2.He has long been an enemy of stilted and pretentious English.

他一向反对矫揉造作的英语

3.The audience attended the performance varied from tens to thousand .

看演出的观众少则几十人，多则数千人。

4.Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this

direction

思想独立的观察家们对你们这方面所取得的成就给予了很好的评价。

5.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 yeares ago.

难怪老一辈的许多人一见到它就会想到36年前的往事。

6.There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.

目前我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已大大的增加。

7.Out of all the glorious tales written about the U.S.revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a blank man was the first to die for American independence

读遍了关于美国为摆脱关于英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂皇纪事，也很艰难弄清第一个为美国独立捐躯的原来是个黑人。

8.I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug,and cried lik e a child

我心理十分难受，一头扎进被单和毯子中，像孩子一样哭了起来。

9.The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing ,

小偷战战兢兢地坦白了所干的坏事。

10.The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering around the two men.

水手们欢欢乐乐，蜂拥而至，将这两人围城一团。

11.I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉的流水吧我的身体托浮在水面上。

12.It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was ,as one might say ,almost never a public instituin.

一段时期以来，我注意到了一条普遍规律，不妨说，仪表堂堂的人大抵不是什么社会名流。Unit4

1.Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

海洋与其说是分隔了世界不如说是连接了整个世界。

2.When she came to, she saw smiling faces around her.

她苏醒过来，看见周围一张张笑脸。

3.The planet we live on is not just a ball of inert material.

我们居住的星球并不仅仅是一个由惰性物质组成的球体。

4,。The pupil of the eye responds to the change of light intensity.

瞳孔随光线的强弱变化而缩小放大。

5.Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.

勇敢过度，即成蛮勇，感情过度，即成软弱，简约过度，即成贪婪。

6.Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man..

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔写使人准确。

7.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

热情的主义又是切肉，又是倒茶，又是上菜，又是切面包，谈啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。

8.This digital camera is easy to operate, versatile, compact and has a pleasing modern design.

这种数码相机操作简便，功能齐全，结构紧凑，造型美观。

9.A scientific hypothesis can be proven-or, perhaps more importantly, disproven-but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot.

一条科学假设可以被证实，或被否定，后者可能更为重要。而一首诗，一张画，或一曲音乐却不能。

10.Histories make men wise; poets witty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.

读史使人明智，读诗人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修饰之学使人善辩。

Unit5

1．If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.

你要是迁就他，他会得寸进尺。

2.Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.

不要自找麻烦。

3.The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.

与人同乐才是真乐。

4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it.

说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。

5.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.

他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。|他举止不慌不忙，十分友好。

6.Radioactivity may cause illness that could be passed on to our children and grandchildren.

放射线可以引起遗传性疾病。

7.Bacteria capable of causing disease are known as pathogenic, or disease-producing germs.

会引起疾病的细菌称为致病菌。

8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport men from place to place.

世世代代以来，煤和石油一直被认为是人员运输的主要能源。

9．Patients with influenza must be separated from the well lest the disease should spread from person to person.

流感病人必须与健康的人隔开，以免疾病传播。

10.Among the 18 species of penguins, 8 have chosen the environs of the South Pole as their habitats.

在18种企鹅中，有8种栖息在南极四周。

11.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.

这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。

12.In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.

为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。

13.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.

冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节；虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽。

14.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being

able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others.

人类对科学的研究，对知识的寻求，其实际结果是使自己具有抵御天灾人祸的能力。

Unit 6

1.It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.

要知道应该抵消多大重力并需要多大推力才能保持飞行，这很容易。

2.He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had

gone.

她非要他讲清楚他的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。

3.That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior

is central to this theory.

这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。

4.Behaviorist,in contrast,say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often

deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy.

相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

5.He would be a rash man who should yenture to defy world public opnion and act arbitrarily.

如果有人敢于公然蔑视世界公众舆论而一意孤行，那他一定是个鲁莽之徒。

6.I was all the more delighted when,as a result of th einitiative of your government,it proved

possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.

由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样快地重提访问之事，这使我感到特别高兴。

7.Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking,of former plaiins seen heaved aloft,of fires

flashing out amid the ruin.

大山沉陷，平原隆起，火焰喷射，周围是一片废墟，这些都有报道。

8.The president has also called for an annual moment of silence at8;46 a.m.Eastern time,when

the first plane hit the first tower.

总统也号召每年的这一天，在东部时间8:45，也就是当第一架飞机撞上第一座塔楼的时刻全国默哀。

9.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious

disease if certain important elements are missing。

如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。

10.Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and

West,that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind ? Will you join in that historic effort?

你们能不能部分东南西北，建立起一个对付这些敌人的全球联盟，以保证全人类享有更为丰富的生活？你们是否愿意参与这一历史的努力？

11.Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it ,off the regular

steamers,off chartered motorboats and off yachts;all day they ambled up the towpath ,looking for what?

游客太多了，这小地方接待不过来。搭班船的、坐包船的、驾游艇的，一批批涌到，从早到晚，络绎不绝，漫步爬上纤路。他们想看什么呢？

Unit7

1.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.

新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。

2.I'm wiser than to believe what you call money talks.

我才不至于蠢到相信你所说的金钱是万能呢。

3.Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection.

再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。

4.He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life.

叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不再过以往那种日子就行。

5.I know it is a square peg in a round hole; still, it serves after a fashion.

我知道此物方枘圆凿，十分不配；但尽管如此，还是勉强顶用。

6.Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new masters.

非洲将西方帝国主义踢出国门并不是为了请进其他的新主子。

7.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity

双方都认为可以不失体面地接受这个和平方案。

8.All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat

9.燃料中的所有化学能并非都可以转化成热能。

10.All graduates from the Foregin Languages Institute will not be appointed to do translation

work.

外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。

11.All these various losses,great as they are ,do not in any way contradict the law of

conservation of energy.

所有这些能量耗散，尽管很大，却都和能量守恒定律无矛盾。

12.All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the eatth1/4

degree F.

除了太阳的热源以外，所有其他热源都不能把地球的温度升高四分之一华氏度。

13.Not all sounds made by animals serve as language,and we have only to turn to that

extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

动物发出的声音并不都起语言作用。只需以发现蝙蝠的回声定位这个不同寻常的事为例，我们就能知道声音起着严格的功利作用。

14.The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the

sense of iindependence and freedom that ownership entails.

当代社会崇尚汽车的现象其部分原因可以解释为：一个人有了汽车，便可以自由行动，不依赖他人。

15.The target is wrong,for iin attacking the tests,critics dicert attention from the fault that lies

with ill-informed or iincompetent uses.

（把标准化测试作为抨击）目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

16.One may as well be asleep to read for anything but to improve his mind and morals, and

regulate his conduct.

读书如果不是为了培养才德和端庄品行，还不如睡大觉好。

17.Few things are impossible in themselves：and it is often for want of will, rather than of

means, that men fail of success.

事情很少有做不成的；其所以做不成，与其说由于条件不够，不如说由于缺乏决心。

18.In one broadcast Anna Roosevelt ,the wife of President Franklin Roosevelt ,said,”we

cannot be too tired to win peace if our civilization is to go on.”

富兰克林·罗斯福总统的夫人安娜·罗斯福有一次在广播中说：“如果想使战后的文

明持续下去，我们付出多大的艰辛争取也不过分。”

19.It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for

the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,much less stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.

为了抢占地铁或公交汽车上的最后一个座位，身强力壮的中学生可以把老太太推开，更别提站起来给老太太让个座了----这对他们来说简直不算回事儿。他们本不应该这样做。

UNIT8

1.The oil of the world will have been used up,and man will be using the more convenient power

obtained from the splitting of the atom.

全世界的石油将会用尽，到那时人们将使用通过原子裂变获取的更为方便的动力。

2.There are some radioactive isotopes which are produced artificially by bombardment of nuclei

with neutrons.

有几种放射性同位素是通过用中子轰击原子核而人造出来的。

3.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous

noise.应当注意缩短人们在强噪声环境中的停留时间。

4.Much has been said about the complexity of embryonic stem-cell research.

关于胚胎干细胞研究的复杂性已经谈的很多了

5.Goodyear ,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be

made hard,non-stick ,and yet elastic.

多年来，一个名叫古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做的硬而不粘，但却有弹性。

6.We are taught that business letters should be written in a formal style rather than a personal

one.

我们学过，写商务信件要用规范的格式，而不能像个人信件那样随便。

7.She told me that her master had dismissed her.No reason had been given;no objection had

been made to her conduct.She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress.

她告诉我，男主人已经雇了她。没有对她说明任何理由，对她的行为也没提出任何异议。

而且不许她向女主人申诉。

8.The increasing speed of scientific development will be obvious if one considers that

TV ,space craft,and nuclear-power ships,which are taken for granted now,would have seemed fantastic to people whose lives ended as recently as 1920.

电视机、宇宙飞船和核动力舰艇对今天的人们来说不是什么新鲜事物，但对于生活于20世纪20年代以前的人来说，却似乎是不可思议的东西。考虑到这一点，科学发展的速度之快就显而易见了。

9.The rusting of iron is one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive

chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture,air and water.

可以认为，腐蚀状态是金属接触湿气、空气和水等介质后形成的破坏性化学侵蚀，而铁生锈只是其中的一个例子。

10.Pure science has been subdivided into physical science, which deals with the facts and

relations of the physical world, and biological science, which investigates the history and makings of life on the planet.

理论科学分为自然科学和生物科学，前者研究自然界各种事物和相互联系，而后者则探讨地球上生物的进化历史和形成条件。

11.It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining

alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themnselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books wikk in the future be strictly enforced.

近来我们发现本馆的图书库存正在急剧下降，此事令人关注。现提醒大家注意借书还书规则，别忘了其他同学也需要借阅。今后将严格执行借书规则，凡逾期不还者将照章处罚。

12.A current search of the files indicates that the letter is no longer in this bureau’s possession. It

is noted that the letter was received two months ago,and after study,returned to your office.In view of the foregoing,it is regretted that your office has no record of its receipt.If the letter is found,it would be appreciated if this bureau was notified at noce.

最近找到了卷宗，发现本局并无此信。根据记录，该信于两个月前收到，经研读已寄还贵处。照此看来，贵处似无收信的记录，甚为遗憾。如能查明此信，请即通知本局，不胜感激。

Unit9

1.Whatever from is used by the majority of educated speakers or writers is correct; or as Sweet

puts it, “Whatever is in general use in a language is, for that reason, grammatically, correct.”

大多数受过教育的人说话或写作时使用的英语就是正确的英语，或如斯威特所说：“凡是语言中广泛使用的说法（仅仅这一理由）都可以认为在语法上是正确的。

2.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of

the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.

他吹嘘说，任何奴隶一踏上英国的土地就获得自由，而他却出卖穷人家六岁的孩子到工厂干活，每天十六小时，受尽鞭打责骂。

3.It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run

may read, and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection

认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达得很清楚，让任何人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。

这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。

4.It is not that the scale in the one cases,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of

their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

这并不是说，使用磅秤和使用天平这两种情况在构造原理或工作方式上存在什么差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上更准确的多。

5.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press had

made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

全世界报界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般的人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他也不再像是这样一种人物了，这里有几个原因。

6.….but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of

another life beyond the grave has come to seem to more and more people less certain,a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread.

但是对于绝大多数受过教育的人过去所深信的所谓人死后另有生命，现今这种观念已经为越来越多的人所怀疑，所以人们对生命的价值认识越来越深刻，其范围也越来越广。

7.He was puzzled that I did not want w hat was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans

are thought to want when they grow up: money and power.

所有美国人受的教育是长大后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进”的工作，他为之大为解。

8.He poured into his writing all the pains of his life and the convicion it had brought to him that

the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up.

他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦给他带来的一种信念，认为如果受剥削的阶级奋起反抗，世界就会变得更美好。

9.There has long been a superstition among mariners that porpoises will save drowning men by

pushing them to the surface, or protect them from sharks by surrounding them in defensive formation.

很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快四的人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成防御队形，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。

10.Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with

the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员。

11.For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able

an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

例如：测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。

12.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be

treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.

这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

Unit10

1.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a

visiter.

美国人的许多风俗习惯似乎令初来乍到的游客费解。

2.They saw the first glimmerings of the “new economic order”for which many Third World

countries have long been clamoring.

他们看到了许多第三世界国家长期呼吁的“经济新秩序”的一线曙光。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/779698376.html,te 19th century saw all the unicersities in the United States adopt the credit system,which

benefited students a great deal.

19世纪末，美国所有大学已实行学分制，学生们从中受益匪浅。

4.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.

我们每天都要做出选择，其选择结果会影响自己的生活，有时也影响别人的生活。

5.While at a mueum , one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will eplain the

objects on display as you move through the museum.

在博物馆参观的时候，常常可以租用一个小录音机，一面参观，一面听有关展品的录音解说。

6.The fire season takes care of the property that managed to survive the deluge.

勉强躲过洪水劫难的财物，又在火灾多发期被吞噬了。

7.In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives,the social customs

are quite different.

有些国家的人民几乎终生未离开过某一乡镇或城市，所以其社会风俗大不相同。

8.In fact,many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.

其实，许多美国人都花得起钱请厨师，雇司机，但他们不那么做。

9.Privite schools in the US have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of

certain students.

美国私立学校开设的课程很多，以满足某些学生的各种需求。

10.Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it

froms a part,thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer.

现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的袖珍式微型计算机。

11.A few stars are known which are hardly bigger than the earth, but the majority are so large

that hundreds of thousands of earths could be packed inside each and leave room to spare;

here and there we come upon a giant star large enough to contain millions of millions of earths.

人们所知道的几个恒星并不比地球大多少，但绝大多数恒星却非常巨大，每个星球容纳成千上万个地球还绰绰有余。我们不时可见大得足以容纳亿万个地球的巨星。

12.There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense

than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be the chief interest and pride.

最令女主人失望的是，她花了许多心神和费用来招待客人，可是这位客人只顾津津乐道地与她丈夫谈政治，谈生意，却没注意到香喷喷的咖啡，松软的糕点，或房间内讲究的陈设，而这些却可能是她最感兴趣并最引以为荣的东西。

Unit 11

1.When Zhou Enlai's door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with

gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

周恩来的房门打开了。他们看到了一位身材修长的人，比普通人略高，目光炯炯，面貌引人注目，称得上英俊。

2.Inexpressible was the astonishment of the little party when they returned to find that Mr.

Pickwick had disappeared.

当这一小伙人回来发现皮克威先生不见了的时候，那惊愕之态简直无法形容。

3.When I try to understand what is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as

one might expect, it seems to me that there are twp causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.

为什么如此多的美国人不能如想象中那样幸福呢？我认为原因有二，而两者之间又有深浅之分。

4.The assertion that it was difficult,if not impossible,for a people to enjoy its basic rights unless

it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure freely its economic,social and cultural development was now scarcely contested.

如果一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济、社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断，在那时几乎无可置疑。

5.Aluminum remained unknown until the 19th century, because nowhere in nature is it found

free, owing to its always being combined with elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.

因为在自然界的任何地方都找不到处于游离态的铝，所以直到19世纪铝才为人们所知。

铝总是喜欢和其他元素结合在一起，最常见的情况是和氧的结合，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。

6.Marjorie has been raised by a scheming aunt to find a millionaire dollars and marry it. So

when at17, she felt in love with a poor medical student, the aunt promptly arranged to take her niece abroad. In the 90s that was still standard technique.

马乔里由老谋深算的姑母抚养长大。姑母总算想方设法要让她嫁一个百万富翁。因此，当马乔里十七岁那年爱上了一个学医的穷学生时，姑母马上就安排将侄女带出国。虽说是九十年代了，但这仍不失为拆散爱侣的典型做法。

Unit12

1.There are swift flowing reivers,slow,sluggish rivers,mighty rivers with several mouths,rivers

that carry vast loads of alluvium to the sea,clear,limpid rivers,rivers that at some seasons of the year have very much more water than at others,reivers that are made to generate vast quantities of electricity by their power,and rivers that carry great volumes of traffic.

有的河水流湍急，有的河流速缓慢，有的大河出海口有好几处，有的河带着大量冲击土入海，有的河清澈见底，有的河的水量在一年中的某些季节较少，而在某些季节里却多得多，有的河可利用其动力大量发电，有的河承担着大量的交通运输。

2.Is the claim of the G&C Merriam Company,propably the world’s greatest dictionary

maker,that the preparation of the work cost $3.5 million,that it required the efforts of three hundred scholars over a period of twenty-seven years,working on the largest collection of citations ever assembled ini any language---is all this a fraud,a hoax?

G&C麦里姆公司大概是世界上最大的字典编纂者。它声称这项编纂工作耗资350万美元，300多名学者为此辛勤工作长达27年，对搜集到的语言中最大量的词语例证作了编辑加工。难道它声称的所有这些是为了欺骗和愚弄人民的吗？

3.All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from

membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.

为了保证全体会员国拥有加入本组织后应获得的权益，所有会员国应一秉诚意，履行依照本宪章所承担之义务。

4.Americans who would be patriots must try to learn what it is that they have in common, what

it is in the public that is worth cherishing and preserving; until they know that, their patriotism will have no more content than a bright, loud afternoon parade.

美国人如果想要成为真正的爱国之士，就必须努力探求他们之间的共同之处，努力探求在这个国度里值得珍惜和恪守不渝的究竟是什么。如果他们做不到这一点，那么他们的所谓爱国主义充其量只是一场自我炫耀的午后大旅行。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/779698376.html,puter language may range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood

by the particular computer,to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automatically acceptable to a wide range of computers.

计算机语言有低级的也有高级的。前者比较详细，很接近于特定计算机直接能懂的语言；

后者比较复杂，适应范围广，能为多种计算机所自动接收。

翻译技巧总结

翻译技巧总结 个人认为，翻译题很重要！考研是个充实自己的过程，只要你还需要英语，就离不开翻译，所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书，XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》，我听过他的课，他的方法很实用，感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) 中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。 The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词) 3转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：

英汉互译实践与技巧作业

英汉互译实践与技巧 学 院：水利与建筑工程学院 专业班级：电气 xxx 班 姓 名： xxx 学 号： 201xxxxxxx

Reasons for the Excellence of US Higher Education By Chuck M.Ves Excellence extends beyond individual scholars and in stitutions it extends to systems. A basic question I have been asked innumerable times, especially when traveling abroad, is, Why is Americas system of higher education so good? It is, as has been said all too often, the envy of the world. I think there are seven primary reasons for the excellence of US higher education relative to that in other countries: We have a broad diversity of institutions ranging from small liberal arts colleges to Ivy League schools, to the great land grant universities, and to somewhat more focused institutions like MIT or Caltech. This diversity provides a wealth of environments and opportunities, from which individual students can select a school that best matches their needs and capabilities. We offer new assistant professors a wide open field of freedom to choose what they teach and the topics of research and scholarship they engage. We reject the hierarchical systems of many other nations in which junior faculty are subservient to, and indeed apprenticed to, senior professors. We therefore enjoy a constant flow of new ideas, passions, and approaches that keep us fresh and robust. In our research universities we meaningfully weave together

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结

MBA英语翻译常用技巧总结 MBA英语翻译考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词（如operational research expert）、习惯用法（如depend on）及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等） 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1. 增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） (4) 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词） (5) 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词） (6) 这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词） (7) 在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）

专升本英语翻译方法

常用翻译技巧总结 w个人认为，翻译题很重要！考研是个充实自己的过程，只要你还需要英语，就离不开翻译，所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书，XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》，我听过他的课，他的方法很实用，感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词 的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、 比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)

英汉互译技巧

韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之：汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”，具体是指：中文长句中，第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则，第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么，第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时，可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则，长句一点儿都不可怕！这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握！详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异：中文结构“前轻后重”，中文结构事实、背景在前，表态、判断、结论在后，英文恰恰相反，是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸，“表态判断为主，事实背景为从”，在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则，逻辑一目了然，译文自然“行云流水”！详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式，即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好，它们说了算！可以不夸张地说，谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式，谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂！详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点，经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思，英译时必须压缩合并减译，提取核心意思，力求简洁、流畅，如：骄傲与自豪，千山万水，你中有我、我中有你，等等。中文还有一个典型特点，即“双动词现象”，如：调整和优化，提高和加强，保障和改善民生，加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例，这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词，调整的目的就是优化，而优化就是一种调整，直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”，“同义发散”，选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释，使用同义词进行替换等等，以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致，即，同义词替换多多益善！要从写作的高度看翻译！详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息，如：“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6

英汉互译实践与技巧1--13单元汉译英部分原句+答案

Unit 3 1. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。 In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products. 2 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。 The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products. 3社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces. 4 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。 They do not know a thing about factory work, nor about farm work, nor about military affairs. 5 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts. 6在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。 During the National Civic Virtues Month, all the cities must clean up, and banish disarray and discourtesy. 7. 现在有一些值得注意的现象，比如以权谋私，化公为私。对这些事情，当然要批评和法办。 At present there are certain phenomena which warrant our attention. For instance, abusing power for personal gains, and appropriating public property for personal use. Of course, this sort of thing should be criticized and be subjected to legal punishment. 8 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠，再接再厉的英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国 Thanks to the Chin ese people’s unrelenting and heroic struggle during the last hundred years, imperialism has not been able to subjugate China, nor will it ever be able to do so. 9 对外国的科学，技术，文化，不加分析地一改排斥，和不加分析地一概照搬，都不是马克思主义的态度，都对我们的的事业不利。 Neither the indiscriminate rejection of everything foreign,whether scientific, technological or cultural, nor the indiscriminate imitation of everything foreign,

英汉互译技巧

第五次课 I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化 Four situations when passive voice is used in English: 1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know 2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent 3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent 4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context 可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括（反之亦然）： 1．有标志的汉语被动句：“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等” 2．无标志的汉语被动句：形式主动，意义被动 3．部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句 4．一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型：“有人、人们、大家”作主语；“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知 等等” 他粗心大意，应当受到批评。不用被批评 He should be criticized for his carelessness. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字 The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time. 代表将由民主协商选举产生。 The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation. 艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 血债要用血来还。 Blood debts will have to be paid in blood. 到现在为止还没有得出结论。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 为这事已经拨了大笔款项。 A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 可以有把握地说，会议会如期举行。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。 Rubber is found to be a good insulating material. 据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看一部电影，一切都历历在目。 It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film. II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。

专业英语的翻译技巧

专业英语的翻译技巧 一、概论 1.翻译的标准 我国清末翻译家严复认为翻译的标准：信、达、雅。所谓“信”，就是忠实原作，不任意曲解；所谓“达”，即通顺，流畅；而“雅”，则是文字优美，高雅。由于专业英语本身注重表现技术问题的科学性、逻辑性、正确性和严密性，所以，专业英语的翻译标准更侧重于“信”和“达”（或“顺”）。 【例】The importance of building modern road can not be overestimated in the economic development. 在经济发展中，修建现代化道路的重要性无论怎么估计也不过分。 【例】A novel solution to car which runs out of control into bridge abutments and the like has become popular in North America although not yet in Europe. 对于如何避免汽车在失去控制时撞到墩柱上或别的类似的物体上，已经有了一种新的解决办法。这种办法在北美已普遍使用，然而在欧洲却未能做到这一点。 【例】Grouting of the tendons usually follows the freedom of the ducts from obstruction. 钢束灌浆之前，孔道应畅通无阻。 2.翻译的过程 （1）阅读理解 阅读理解阶段应注意：一是正确地理解原文的词汇含义、句法结构和习惯用法，二是要准确地理解原文的逻辑关系。 【例】Pavement are classified as “rigid” or “flexible”,depending on how they distribute surface loads. 按照传递表面荷载情况，路面可分为“刚性的”或“柔性的”。 （2）汉语表达 表达阶段的任务就是译者根据其对原文的理解，使用汉语的语言形式恰如其分地表达原作的内容。 【例】Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.

英语翻译的十大方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练，因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 一、增译法 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： ①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何（增译主语和谓语） ②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） ③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词） ④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词） ⑤、只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词） ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词） ⑦、在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语） ⑧、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语） 二、省译法 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如： ①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词） ②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

珍藏版常用翻译方法技巧总结

珍藏版常用翻译方法技巧总结 个人认为，翻译题很重要！考研是个充实自己的过程，只要你还需要英语，就离不开翻译，所以大家应该引起足够重视。 首先个人推荐一本书，XDF唐静老师的《拆分与组合翻译法》，我听过他的课，他的方法很实用，感觉很象下面介绍的第四种方法。 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词（如operational research expert）、习惯用法（如depend on）及多 义词的翻译（如school、set的多义） 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、 比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等） 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题（常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解） 一、常用方法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： （1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语） （2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句） （3）Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）

英汉互译技巧4

第二章英汉语言对比 A comparison between English and Chinese 第一部分 Part One If one wants to be a qualified translator, one should, first of all, have a penetrating study and careful comparison of the similarities and differences between these two languages so that one may find the corresponding laws and methods in the translation between them, do translation effectively and ensure the quality of translation. 刘重德《文学翻译十讲》 Procedures of today ?Similarities between English and Chinese ?Differences between English and Chinese (vocabularies and grammars) ?Exercises in class ?Assignments of today 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分: ?汉语： 实词（content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、量词 虚词（empty word)：介词、连词、语气词、助词（结构助词―的‖、―地‖、―得‖，时态助词―着‖、―了‖、―过‖，情态助词―吗‖、―呢‖、―吧‖、―啊‖、―嘛‖、―了‖等）?英语： 实词(content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词 虚词（function word):介词、连词、冠词、助动词（shall, will, have/has, do/does/did/done, be） ?英语量词，汉语冠词 ?E.g. a chair, the earth, a book, etc. 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分 ?句子要素:都有主语、谓语、宾语（表语）、定语和状语的划分。特别是主语和谓语，从本质上来说都是英、汉两种语言的主要组成框架(S+V+O/P) e.g. I like your new hairstyle. 我喜欢你的新发型。 It is cute. 它很可爱。

英语翻译技巧指导

翻译技巧 由于汉英两种语言在词法、句法上的差异，翻译并不是简单的一对一复制，而是根据具体情况，灵活地运用翻译技巧坐车必要的调整和改变，使译文最大程度地再现原文的意义，又使它符合译语的表达习惯。 翻译技巧大体分为八类。它们是：加注（annotation）、释义（paraphrase）、增词（amplification）、减词（omission）、转换（shift of perspective）、归化（adaptation）、切分（division）和合并（combination）。 1．加注 由于汉英文化的不同，英语中某些词义在汉语中根本不存在，形成词义上的空缺。在这种情况下，常常采用加注法来弥补空缺。加注可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。 音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释。注释可长可短，可以在文中注释，也可采用脚注。 Cartoon 卡通片 Hamburger 汉堡包 Benz 奔驰车 Hippie 嬉皮士（20世纪60年代出现在美国的青年颓废派一员，喜群居，蓄长发，穿奇装异服） El Nino 厄尔尼诺（现象）（指严重影响全球气候的太平洋热带海域的大风及海水的大规模移动） Saint Valentine’s Day 圣瓦伦丁节情人节，2月14日） 1.Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regiment; and how much more this poor old nervous victim? 按照这样的养生之道，别说这可怜的老太太了，就连健康女神哈奇亚本 人也会生病。 2.You look like Al-Capone in that suit. 你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像个流氓阿尔·卡彭。

翻译常用八种方法

考试复习 一、英汉互译下列习语（每小题2分，共20分） 书上或日常生活中常出现的一些习语或成语。 二、将下列句子翻译成中文，并指出使用的翻译技巧（每小题3分，共30分） 翻译常见的八种技巧： 1．重复repetition 在翻译中被称为一种技巧，自然就不是一般所说的不必要的重复，而是一种必不可少的方法。可以这样确定它的定义：在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。一般说来，重译法有如下三个作用：一是为了明确；二是为了强调；三是为了生动。 We have to analyze and solve problems．我们要分析问题，解决问题。 2．增译addition/amplification 什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义：为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯，必须增加一些词语，这就叫增译法。 送君千里，终有一别。 ，yet the parting must come at last．3．减译法deletion 和其他一切事物一样，翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面：以同一个译例来说，在英译汉中如果用增译法的话，在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英)，所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。 关于减译法，应该记住这样一条总原则：减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的；换言之，减译法是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词，但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 此外，冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词，等等，在英语中经常使用，但译成汉语时几乎很少出现，要使译文忠实而地道，减译法就自然必不可少了。例如： A book is useful． 书(是)有用(的)。 4．词类转移法conversion 在翻译时，由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异，在保证原文意思不变的情况下，译文必须改变词类，这就叫词类转移法。这种方法不仅指词类的改变，而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。当然主要是指词类的变化，如原文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。众所周知，语言是个无限制生成的系统，在翻译实践中，词类转移的情形也是千变万化的。重要的是，要知道在翻译中为了保证译文忠于原文并使译文合乎表达习惯，可以改变词类。下面所举的例子可以说明词类转移的一些常用情况。 The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort． 这句话的英译文应该说是忠实而地道的，但分析一下汉英文中的词类，却很少是对应的。原文中的词类到了译文中，差不多都发生了变化：“学好”是动词，意思上相应的英文词mastery是名词；“随便”是副词，意思上相应的英文词是作表语的easy，等等。假若译文中的英文词类、词序都与汉语完全相同，不作任何改变，那么这就不成一句英文句子了。 5．词序调整法inversion

英汉互译常用技巧一

英汉互译常用技巧（一）词义的选择、引申和褒贬课后练习 一、词义选择与延伸 1.Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war. 2.Three men were killed in the accident . 3.The engine was killed by the flood . 4.Y our joke nearly kill me . 5.He is a man of confidence. 6.He walked at the head of the funeral procession，and every now and then wiped away his hypocritical tears with a big handkerchief． 7.We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. 8.Watergate consumes Richard Nixon’s presidency. 9.The lack of confidence failed her in the competition. 二、词义甄别 1.数以万计的中外客商云集申城。 2.大量难民涌入了巴基斯坦。 3.19世纪有大批的人涌入南非去淘金。 4.在她生日那天，信函和礼物像雪片一样飞来。 三、词义褒贬 1、The president was respected by his people for his foresightedness. 2、The politician was notorious for his double dealing. 3、Y ou flattered me! 4、She felt greatly flattered when she received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 5、Edison invented the gramophone and the electric light. 6、People sometimes invent excuses to go out of work. 7、The years steal by. 8、That thermometer must be lying. 9、对不起，我还没有请教您的尊姓大名呢？

英汉互译的三种基本方法

英汉互译的三种基本方法 上海理工大学教授，第十四、第十五届韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛汉译英三等奖、 英译汉二等奖获得者 张顺生 1999年笔者到高校工作以后，参加了第十四届和第十五届韩素音青年翻译竞赛。参加第十四届竞赛纯属偶然，竞赛截止的几天前我刚好浏览了《中国翻译》杂志，不经意间读到了上面刊登的竞赛活动，其中汉译英“想起清华种种”不长，自己特感兴趣，因此连忙回家认真翻译了初稿，后来又校对了几遍，便投了出去。没想到竞幸运地获得了三等奖。 第十五届韩素音青年翻译竞赛汉译英我虽未获奖，英译汉却幸运地获得了二等奖。我对第十五届韩素音青年翻译竞赛的印象非常深刻，比如汉译英的题目“常想一二，不思八九”的翻译，我当时的翻译为“Always Bear in Mind the Few Happy Things，Never Take to Heart the Many Unhappy Ones”，而对英译汉的题目“A Person Who Apologises Has the Moral Ball in His Court”(参考译文译作“谁给别人道歉,谁就在道义上掌握了主动”)的翻译，当时也颇费周折，我觉得汉译宜简洁些，故经再三考虑，将其译作“主动道歉理不亏”。两次参赛荣幸获奖提振了我对英汉互译的信心，也点燃了我对翻译的兴趣。近年来我不仅一直鼓励学生参加韩素音青年翻译奖竞赛，还举办了两次校级翻译竞赛，出了2014年姑苏区翻译竞赛试题。从事翻译和翻译教学工作过程中，自己也有一些心得体会，籍此机会跟大家分享一下。 以往的翻译方法多是从“直译和意译”和“归化和异化”等角度而谈的，我这里则想从译语与源语的关系来探讨英汉互译方法。我认为英汉互译基本方法有三种，即直接套用、结构模仿和融会创新。 一、直接套用 所谓“直接套用”指翻译时如能采用“拿来主义”的即采用“拿来主义”，不必另起炉灶，尤其是单词、词组和句子层面。比如，翻译“石头剪子布”就可以直接将英语中对应的词找出，直接套用英语中的rock- paper-scissors；“口水战”可套用英语中的a war of words；游戏“打水漂”可套用英语中的词组play ducks and drakes；“傻人有傻福”可套译为Fortune favors fools；“谋事在人，成事在天”可套译为Man proposes, God disposes；从交际角度而言“人非圣贤，孰能无过”可视具体情况套用蒲柏(Alexander Pope， 1688-1744) 的To err is human或Even Homer sometimes nods；翻译“喊破嗓子，不如甩开膀子”时孙宁巧妙地套用了英语中的“Talking the talk is not as good as walking the walk”。当然，套译不限于native speakers的表达，母语非英语的人翻译的经典最好也能够信手拈来：如将“救死扶伤”译作heal the wounded and save the dying、“吃一堑，长一智”套译作“A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit”等。我参加第十四届韩素音翻译竞赛，很多表述，如解放区the Liberated Area等的翻译都参考了毛泽东选集英文版中的译法。汉译英亦如此。如，“精明但不聪明”或“捡起芝麻，丢掉西瓜”可套用英语中的penny wise but pound foolish；“上行，下效。存乎中，行于外”套译作As above, so below; as within, so without；“积思成言、积言成行、