初中现在完成时讲解和练习_

现在完成时

I.定义：

1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态

II.现在完成时的结构

have/has+ done (过去分词)

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait 等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。

III.现在完成时的时间状语

1.ever, never, twice（once…）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来）等词连用

2.Since+时间点，for+时间段，in the past/last few years

表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。

说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：

I have already finished my homework.

I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?

They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)

I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)

I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.

注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用

IV.现在完成时的用法

A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：

The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）

B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如：

My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？

用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。如：

He has been in the Green China for three years.

He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。

The old man died 4 years ago.---- The old man has been dead for 4 years.

He joined the Party 2 years ago.---- He has been in the Party for 2 years.

I bought the book 5 days ago.---- I have had the book for 5 days.

表示时间段的短语有:

for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。

V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别

1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/...

in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ..then(那时),

that day, one day, once(从前)

现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。

现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

VI.比较have/has been to、have/has gone to 和have been in

have(has) been to...表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等

He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海

He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)

He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了

六．过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词：

AAA型

burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast

cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put

shut shut shut spread spread spread set set set

read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/

AAB型beat beat beaten

ABA型become became become run ran run come came come

特殊情况

ABB型

bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built

burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug

feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found

hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept

lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost

make made made meet met met sell sold sold

shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood

sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told

think thought thought win won won

ABC型

begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken

choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven

drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven

forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given

grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden

rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken

sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum

throw threw thrown write wrote written

七．瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

buy----have borrow -----keep go out----be out begin-----be on

come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in leave ----be away finish----be over

open----be open close -----be closed die----be dead

★1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry

2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die

4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up

6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start, begin 2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up；

7. have died → have been dead；

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asle ep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

11. have married → have been married；

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/ha d

15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn

17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known

19. have/has gone to → have been in

20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army

→have been a member of/ have been in/ have been the Party’s member/

现在完成时练习（一）

一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：

1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”

“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”

2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”

“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”

3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”

4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”

5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.

6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.

7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.

9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.

10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?

11.Have you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”

“Where______ you ___________(buy) it?” “ I _________(buy) it in a bookstore.”

“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”

二、单项选择。

( )1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

( )2.Have you met Mr. Li ____？

Ａ. Just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago

( )3.—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

( )4.—Our country ____ a lot so far .—Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａhas changed; well Ｂchanged ; goodＣhas changed better Ｄ. changed; better

( )5.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished

Ｃ.Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish

( )6.We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

( )7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _____ twice.

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

( )8.—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really? When _____ there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ.did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

( )9.Zhou Lang ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａwas ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are; studying

( )10.His father ______ the Party since 1998 .

Ａ.joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

( )11.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We ______ friends since ten years ago .

Ａwere Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

( )12.He has ___ been to Shanghai, has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

( )13.Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

( )14.It ___ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. Is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

( )15.Miss Green isn't in the office. She_______ to the library.

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

( )16.My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.

Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

( )17.The students have cleaned the classroom, ____?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

( )19.His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

20、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished

B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished

D.will ; do ; finish

21、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

22、—Do you know him well ?

—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left

B. had left

C. has been away

D. had been away

24. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in

24.The factory __ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

25.Mary and Rose ___friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made

26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught

30. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead

31. He _____ at eight yesterday afternoon . A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take

40.----- How long can I ______ the book?------ Two weeks.

A. borrow

B. lend

C. get

D. keep

四、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。

1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.

2) David ____ ____ the park just now.

3) John ____ ___ England since he came back.

4) How long ____you ___ __ this village?

5) The Smiths ____ __ Beijing for years.

6) _____ you ever _ __ America? -- Yes, I ___ __ there many times.

7) I __ ___ this school since three years ago.

8) Where is Jim? He __ ___ the farm.

9) When___ __ he ___ __? He ____ ___ an hour ago.

10) Would you like to ____ _ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I ___ __ there before.

五、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化

1.He died 10 years ago. ——He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.

2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ——He _____________the book for 2 weeks.

3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. ——He ___________the motorbike for a month.

4. He arrived here three days ago.—He ____________here since three days ago.

5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. —— The light __________for 2 hours.

6. He left here 2 years ago.——— He ____________from here for 2 years.

7. The film began 30 minutes ago. ——The film __________ for 30 minutes.

8. They opened the door an hour ago. —— The door __________ for an hour.

9. They closed the door an hour ago. ——The door ___________for an hour.

10. He joined the army last year. ——He _____________ a _______ for a year.

He _____________ the army for a year. It ____ a year ____ he joined the army.

现在完成时练习（二）

单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _____what's happened to him .

（2014呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study

Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_____ it twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When ___there ?

Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—____ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I ___ it a moment ago .

Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _____ friends since ten years ago .

Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________for ten minutes.

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

人教版八年级下册现在完成时专项讲解

现在完成时 现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。 例：Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是：现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑：究竟是不是完成时？ 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上，我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的，学生们能够较好的理解这一说法，并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段，多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词， 比如以下的这些句子（均摘录自人教版教材）：

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志，无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣，我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握：以前（before）从来不（never）出现，最近（recently）曾经（ever）一两遍（once/twice/many times…）, 自从（since+时间点）刚刚（just）for一段（for+一段），至今（so far/up to now）已经（already/yet）很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中，教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及（since/for）的区别着重分章节讲解，让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中，我们可以看到：“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在（包括”现在“在内）的动作或状态，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如：

八年级英语下册-现在完成时态的讲解与练习-人教新目标版

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复习专题现在完成时专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．All the students _______ very hard over the last three years. A. works B. has worked C. have worked D. worked 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】Over the last three years, 用于现在完成时，又由于主语是复数，故选C。【点评】现在完成时的时间状语要掌握。 2．—What great progress Huawei ________ in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——华为近几年取得了多大的进步啊！——难怪它在世界的每个角落都出名。根据时间状语in recent years，近几年，可知动作从过去持续到现在，时态为现在完成时have/has+过去分词，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时。注意掌握现在完成时的结构have/has+过去分词。 3．—Do you still play basketball? —Oh, no. I ____ it for the past two years. A. haven't played B. didn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你还打篮球吗？——哦，不了。我已经有两年没有打过了。根据句中的for the last two years可知应与完成时态连用，又有时间是the last two years可知是从现在往前两年，因此应使用现在完成时态，故选A。 【点评】考查动词时态中的for+段时间与完成时态连用，根据时间确定是现在完成还是过去完成。 4．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read? —I've no idea. I _____ there. A. have gone B. have been C. haven't been D. haven't gone 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。 【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。

现在完成时的用法讲解#精选.

现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。（导入）有时候，这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .I have taught English in this school since 1999. 二、否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词? 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) —Have you finished your work? —Yes,I have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常与already/yet，just，never/ever，before, so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）I've washed my clothes already．我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。） 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例：3）Have you met him already ？你（真的）已经见过他了？

现在完成时讲解及练习(附答案)-名师精讲 (1)

现在完成时 先看几个例句： 1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。 2. He hasn’t finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3. Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？ Yes , I have. 是的，看过了。No, I haven’t. 不，没看过。 4. We have studied English for two years. 我们已经学了两年英语了。 5. They haven’t seen each other since 1998. 自从1998年他们就没再见过面。 构成: 肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 例：I have worked here for 3 years. 否定句： 疑问句： 回答： 就划线部分提问： 过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种： 规则变化: a) 一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed, 如play---played，work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等; b) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, carry-- -carried study---studied等; c) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如: stop---stopped，shop---shopped等。不规则变化：见一般时当中的不规则动词表点击→不规则动词表 写出下列动词的过去分词： put--- hear--- come--- make--- hurry--- watch--- swim--- be--- talk--- want--- study--- stop--- take--- see--- like--- 二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了) They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿 2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时 3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。) I have been there twice. 动词填空： 1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there? 三、标志词 ◆常与①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦up to now, ⑧so far, ⑨for the last few weeks ⑾since ⑿for a long time/for 标志词的区别 1.for +一段时间 Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years. 2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/ 从句(一般过去时) Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.

中考英语现在完成时专题复习

中考英语现在完成时专题复习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．It has been three years since I ______ a teacher. A. become B. became C. becoming D. to become 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】题意：现在完成时里，since从句里动词应用一般过去时。故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时和表示一段时间的时间状语的连用用法，理解题意，即可得出答案。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．—The drama series The Thunder （破冰行动） hits screens these days. —Oh. What a pity! I ____________ any of them yet, A. doesn't watch B. didn't watch C. won't watch D. haven't watched 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——连续剧《破冰行动》这些天正在霸屏。——哦。真遗憾！我任何一集也没有看过。根据Oh. What a pity!可知我没有看过。过去的动作对现在造成的影响和 yet也，常和现在完成时的否定结构连用，可知此处用现在完成时。故选D。 【点评】此题考查现在完成时。注意yet常和现在完成时连用。 4．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? —Because I all my money on an MP5. A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。 【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。