Unit 4 waiting for a call
Unit 4 Waiting for a Call
1. Conversation
1. Beg: v. 1) ask for (something) earnestly or humbly恳求得到…
Eg: he begged their forgiveness. 他恳求他们的宽恕。
2) ask for something, typically food or money, as charity or a gift乞求施舍，索要，乞讨
Eg: they had to beg for food. 他们只好讨饭。
2. Pardon: n. the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offence原谅；饶恕，宽恕
3. Ring: v. call by telephone给…打电话
Eg:I rang her this morning. 今天上午我给她打了电话。
Ring sb. up: to telephone sb/sth给……打电话
Eg: He rang up to apologize. 他打电话来道歉。
We must ring Jenny up tonight. 我们今天晚上一定得给珍妮打电话。
ring back: call sb back回电话, 再打电话
4. Phone (up): call or speak to someone on the telephone打电话
5. Bother: v. cause trouble or annoyance to (someone) by interrupting or otherwise inconveniencing them打扰，烦扰，给（某人）添麻烦
can't be bothered (to do something) : be unwilling to make the effort needed to do something不愿找麻烦，不想出力eg: they couldn't be bothered to look it up. 他们根本不想花力气去查这件事。
hot and bothered : in a state of anxiety or physical discomfort, especially as a result of being pressured（因焦虑或身体不适而感到）心急火燎
6. rather: adv. to a certain or significant extent or degree相当，颇
Eg: he's rather an unpleasant man. 他是个颇为令人讨厌的人。
7. various: different from one another; of different kinds or sorts不同的；各种各样的
8. avoid: keep away from or stop oneself from doing (something) 回避；避免（做某事）
Eg: Try to avoid accidents. 尽量防止事故。
He avoided answering my questions. 他避而不答我的问题。
avoid sb/sth like the plague: avoid sb/sth completely 像躲避瘟疫一样躲避某人/某事物；避之唯恐不及；避之如洪水猛兽: eg: It was the sort of restaurant that I would normally have avoided like the plague. 这种餐馆我通常都是避之唯恐不及。plague[pleiɡ]鼠疫, 瘟疫
9. speak one's mind : express one's feelings or opinions frankly说出心里话
10. strategy: n. a plan of action or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim战略
11. embarrass: v. cause (someone) to feel awkward, self-conscious, or ashamed使尴尬，使窘迫
12. skip: fail to attend or deal with as appropriate; miss不参加；不合适处理；错过
Eg: I wanted to skip my English lesson to visit my mother. 我想逃英语课，去看我妈妈。
13. lousy: […la?zi] (lousier, lousiest) adj. very poor or bad; disgusting糟糕的；劣等的；令人作呕的
Eg: the service is usually lousy. 服务通常不好。lousy weather. 糟糕的天气。
14. hang out: spend time relaxing or enjoying oneself休闲
Eg: musicians hang out with their own kind. 音乐家们与他们的同类一起打发闲暇时光。
15. comment: n. a remark expressing an opinion or reaction意见；评论
Eg: you asked for comments on the new proposals. 你想听听对那些新提议的意见。
no comment : I have nothing to say about that无可奉告（通常用于回答记者的问题）
ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth. 评论某事
16. talent: n. natural aptitude or skill天赋
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1. ask: v. request (someone) to do or give something请求…做，要求…给予
Ask sth. of sb.= ask sb. for sth.
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1. think: direct one's mind towards someone or something; use one's mind actively to form connected ideas想，思索，思考
2. Count: (v.) 1) determine the total number of (a collection of items) 数；记数
Eg: I started to count the stars I could see. 我开始数我看见的星星。
2) recite numbers in ascending order, usually starting at the number one（一般从1开始）数数
3. by: indicating a quantity or amount［表示数量或数额］按…计算
“by” followed by numbers or figures indicates measurement or quantity.
Eg: Eggs are sold here by the dozen.
She got her payment by the hour.
4. by that time: 到那个时候
5. Cheat: act dishonestly or unfairly in order to gain an advantage especially in a game or examination作弊；欺诈
Eg: she always cheats at cards . 她打牌时总是作弊。
He never cheats to pass exams. 他考试从不作弊。
He is cheating on his wife他对他的妻子不忠。
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1. “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
情态动词加have done都是对过去事情的推测，区别只在于情态动词的不同
2. Mind: v. be distressed, annoyed, or worried by介意，在乎
Eg: I don't mind the rain. 我不在乎下雨。
mind one's Ps & Qs: be careful to behave well and avoid giving offence 注意自己举止，避免冒犯他人
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1. suppose: assume that something is the case on the basis of evidence or probability but without proof or certain knowledge认为，料想；估计
Eg: I suppose I got there about half past eleven. 我估计我是大约11点半到那儿的。
2. Damn: v. 1) expressing anger, surprise, or frustration［表示愤怒、吃惊或沮丧］该死的，他妈的
Eg: Damn! I completely forgot!. 该死的！我全给忘啦！
Where's that damn book? 那本该死的书在哪儿?
2) curse (someone or something) 诅咒
Eg: He damned right and left. 他胡骂了一阵。
I'm (或I'll be) damned if :要是…我就不是人[用于表示强烈的否定］
Eg: I'm damned if I know. 我要是知道我就不是人。
I'll be damned if I'll go. 我要是去就不是人。
3. Ugly: 1) unpleasant or repulsive, especially in appearance（尤指外表）难看的，丑（陋）的；讨厌的
Eg: she thought she was ugly and fat. 她认为自己又丑又胖。
2) morally repugnant道德败坏的；丑恶的；卑鄙的
an ugly temper坏脾气in an ugly mood. 心情恶劣
an ugly room难看的房间ugly monsters丑陋的怪物
an ugly situation令人困窘的情况an ugly wound吓人的伤口
4. Shy: 1) having or showing nervousness or timidity in the company of other people害羞的；腼腆的
Eg: I was pretty shy at school. 我在学校里非常害羞。
The boy is shy of strangers. 这小孩怕陌生人。
a shy smile腼腆的微笑
2) having a dislike of or aversion to a specified thing不喜欢的，厌恶的
Eg: they were a little camera-shy. 他们不大喜欢照相
She is shy of speaking in public. 她怯于在公众面前讲话。
5. Filthy: adj. 1) disgustingly/extremely dirty肮脏的，污秽的
2) (of weather) very unpleasant （天气）糟糕的，恶劣的
3) used to express one's anger and disgust ［表示愤怒、憎恶］肮脏的，污秽的；令人恶心的；卑劣的
Eg: The beggar?s clothes are filthy.这个乞丐的衣服肮脏。
a filthy street一条肮脏的街道
it looked like being a filthy night. 晚上的天气看来很糟糕。
a filthy smile奸笑
Adv. to an extreme and often disgusting extent极度地；过分得令人厌恶地
Eg: They are filthy with money. 他们有的是钱。
he has become filthy rich. 他已经富得流油。
6. Smash: violently break (something) into pieces猛力把（东西）打碎
Eg: the thief smashed a window to get into the car. 贼砸碎了玻璃进入汽车。
The cup fell and smashed. 杯子落下来摔碎了。
She dropped the plate and smashed it. 她失手把盘子掉在地上打碎了。
7. Smug: having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements沾沾自喜的，洋洋自得的，自鸣得意的
Eg: He was feeling smug after his win. 他获胜以后很是得意。
I think she has good reason to feel smug. 我认为她洋洋得意必有其缘故。
What are you looking so smug about? 什么事让你这么得意？
the smug calculation如意算盘
a smug expression沾沾自喜的表情
adjective (smugger, smuggest)
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1. way: a method, style, or manner of doing something方法；方式
2. at first: at the beginning; in the initial stage or stages首先；最初，开始；初期
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1. Relent: 1) abandon or mitigate a harsh intention or cruel treatment变宽容，发慈悲，怜悯
Eg: She was going to refuse his request, but relented. 她本打算拒绝他的请求，但后来心软了。
He was cross at first, but later he relented. 他起初很生气,后来变温和了。
At first she threatened to dismiss me, but later she relented. 起初她威胁要解雇我, 但后来她态度软化了。
2) (especially of bad weather) become less severe or intense（尤指坏天气）收敛，减弱
Eg: By evening the rain relented. 到晚上时雨下小了。
2. in a little while不久
While: a period of time一会儿，一段时间
3. Fairly: 1) with justice公正地
Eg: he could not fairly be accused of wasting police time. 控告他浪费警方时间是缺少公正理由的。
I think I was quite fairly treated by the police. 我认为警察对我非常公正。
Act fairly by all men [谚]一视同仁
2) to quite a high degree很，非常，颇，相当
Eg: I was fairly certain she had nothing to do with the affair. 我相当肯定她与此事无关。
This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当容易的书。
4. Blessed: (adj.) made holy; consecrated神圣的，神圣化的
Eg: God?s blessed name神的圣名
The world was a blessed place before the Fall. 世界在人类堕落之前本是一块福地。
the blessed有福的人(们)
Bless: (v.) (of a priest) pronounce words in a religious rite, to confer or invoke divine favour upon; ask God to look favourably on为…祈神赐福，为…祈神保佑
Eg: he blessed the dying man and anointed him. 他为垂危男子祈神赐福，并为他涂圣油。
Bless you, my boy. 孩子, 为你祝福。
God be blessed! 感谢主。
He is blessed with good health. 他享有良好健康的幸福。
The priest blessed the bread and wine. 牧师把饼和酒圣洁化。
We have been blessed with a beautiful baby boy. 上帝赐予我们一个漂亮的男婴。
Bless you! 长命百岁！（对打喷嚏者说的话）
Read more Across a Crowded Room
1. love at first sight一见钟情
2. crowde d水泄不通的,挤得满满的
Crowd: v. (of a number of people) fill (a space) almost completely, leaving little or no room for movement塞满；挤满
3. sip: v. drink (something) by taking small mouthfuls小口地喝，啜饮，呷，抿
n. a small mouthful of liquid一小口之量，一啜或一呷之量
eg: she took a sip of the red wine. 她喝了一小口红葡萄酒。
I sat sipping coffee. 我坐着呷饮咖啡。
4. on one's own: unaccompanied by others; alone or unaided独自地；独立地；不依靠别人帮助地
of one's own : belonging to oneself alone属于自己的
5. come across: 1) meet or find by chance偶然遇见；偶然发现
2) hand over or provide what is wanted交，交出（或提供）（所需之物）
6. confident: adj. feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one's abilities or qualities自信的；有信心的
7. ask ou t请(某人)外出
8. following: adj. next in time接着的，随后的
9. in common : in joint use or possession; shared共用；共有，公有
10. head over heels: turning over completely in forward motion, as in a somersault（翻筋斗等时的）向前滚翻
head over heels in love: madly in love爱得神魂颠倒的
11. fall in love with: v. 爱上
12. go out with:和…约会; 出去了／与某人交往
Eg: My parents wouldn't let me go out with boys. 我的父母不让我跟男孩子出去玩。
13. engage: v. 使订婚, 与…订婚(to) pledge or enter into a contract to do something允诺，约定；签约保证
Eg: Tom is engaged to Anne. 汤姆已与安妮订婚。
14. settle down: 1) to start to have a calmer or quieter way of life, without many changes, especially living in one place﹙在某地﹚定居下来，过安定的生活:
2) to become relaxed and confident in a new situation; to get used to a new way of life, job, etc.安顿下来；习惯于﹙新生活﹚；适应﹙新环境﹚:
3) to become calmer and less active平静下来；安定下来:
4) to get yourself into a comfortable position when you are sitting or lying舒适地坐下﹙或躺下﹚
15. go wrong : develop in an undesirable way走入歧途
get someone wrong : misunderstand someone, especially by falsely imputing malice误解某人；冤枉某人
get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick: misunderstand something误解某事；搞错
two wrongs don't make a right: (proverb)the fact that someone has done something unjust or dishonest is no justification for acting in a similar way (谚)以牙还牙行不通；两个错误不等于一个正确；不能因别人错了自己也就可以犯错
16. affectionate: adj. 1) readily feeling or showing fondness or tenderness充满热爱的，柔情的
2) expressing fondness表达爱意的，爱慕的，深情的
17. go off: 1) begin to dislike不再喜欢
2) gradually cease to be felt渐渐感觉不到
Eg: I had a bad headache but it's going off now. 我原来头很痛，现在慢慢好了
3) become suddenly angry; lose one's temper突然发怒；发脾气
4) (of an alarm) begin to sound（警报器）响
5) (of a gun, bomb, or similar device) explode or fire（炸弹等）爆炸；（枪等）开火
6) go to sleep入睡
18. criticize: indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way批评；责备
19. go on: talk at great length, especially tediously or angrily（尤指乏味地或愤怒地）滔滔不绝地说
Go on at:责备，责骂
20. suited: adj. right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation合适的，适当的，适宜的
21. keen on: interested in or attracted by (someone or something) 对…有兴趣的；被…吸引的(be fond of)
22. hard rock: highly amplified rock music with a heavy beat硬摇滚音乐
23. classical music: serious or conventional music following long-established principles rather than a folk, jazz, or popular tradition古典音乐
24. fall out: have an argument争吵；失合
25. row [ra?]: n. a noisy, serious quarrel吵嚷；激烈的争吵
26. break off: become severed断裂
break something off: discontinue something突然停止，突然中断
27. engagement: a formal agreement to get married订婚，婚约
28. call off: cancel an event or agreement取消
29. heartbreak: overwhelming distress心碎
30. get over: 1) recover from (an ailment or an upsetting or startling experience) （从病痛，苦恼，惊吓中）恢复过来
2) overcome (a difficulty) 克服（困难）
31. break up: 1) (of a couple in a relationship) part company（恋爱或婚姻中的男女）分手
2) start laughing uncontrollably爆发大笑
3) (of a gathering) disband; end集会）结束，解散
32. divorce: v. legally dissolve one's marriage with (someone) 与（某人）离婚
33. drown: v. die through submersion in and inhalation of water淹死，溺死
drown one's sorrows : forget one's problems by getting drunk借酒浇愁
like a drowned rat : extremely wet and bedraggled像落汤鸡一样
Translation: 1. I?ll do it my own way if you don?t mind.
2. John couldn?t have been in the classroom. We were there just a few minutes ago.
3. Such rude behavior cannot be excused.
4. My salary went up by half when I changed companies.
5. The workers smashed the bottles with the hammer.
6. I don?t think it hur ts (anybody) to get up earlier.
7. You are asking too much of me.
8. I keep making the same mistake. It?s really annoying.
情态动词加have done都是对过去事情的推测，区别只在于情态动词的不同
一、“must+have+done”
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
二、“can't+have+done”
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can…t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
三、“can+have+done”
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
四、“could+have+done”
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
五、“may+have+done”
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。
—What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
六、“might+have+done”
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。
2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、“would+have+done”
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
八、“should+have+done”
意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn…t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。
九、“ought to+have+done”
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、“need+have+done”
表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn…t+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn…t have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
旅游与文化 翻译
旅游与文化I Part I 1．charming autumn scenery in a most fresh air and clear weather 秋高气爽，秋色宜人 2．the 15th General Assembly Session of the World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织第15届全体大会3．to travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books 读万卷书，行万里路 4．enriching themselves mentally and physically 承天地之灵气，接山水之精华 5．tourist arrival 旅游人数 6．foreign currency receipts 外汇收入 7．outbound tourists 出境旅游人数 8．unique, rich and varied tourism resources 得天独厚的旅游资源 9．World Cultural and Natural Heritages sites 世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地 10．t o add radiance and charm to each other 交相辉映 11．a thriving modern metropolis 繁华的现代化大都市 12．a patchwork of cottages 村舍星罗棋布 13．t o exist side by side 鳞次栉比 14．I nternational Architecture Exhibition 万国建筑博览会 15．c lock towers and turrets , marble pillars 钟塔、角楼和大理石柱 16．e ach representing a distinctively individual appearance 风格迥异，各领风骚 17．t he rainy season 梅雨季节 18．t o linger longer 留连忘返 19．e xcellence, elegance and the best quality 卓越超群，富丽堂皇，一流质量 20．e mbroidery, inlaid lacquer 刺绣，金漆镶嵌 21．g old and silver jewelleries, water-color woodblock prints 金银首饰，木刻水印 22．c arvings in jade, ivory, bamboo and woven bamboo baskets 玉雕、牙雕，竹雕，竹编筐篮 23．b ird cages, lanterns 鸟笼灯笼 24．d ouble-sided embroidery and sandal wood fans from Suzhou 双面绣和苏州的檀香扇 25．t erracotta teapots from Yixing, and clay figures from Wuxi 宜兴的陶制茶壶和无锡的泥人 26．t he Peach Blossom Fair 桃花节 27．t he Daci Temple Fair 大慈寺庙会 28．t he Chengdu Tourism Festival 成都旅游节 29．a place blessed with favorite climate, fertile land, rich resources and outstanding talents 物华天宝，人杰地灵30．s uperb artistic style of aiming at catching the sprit of the landscape 写意山水 31．a rtistic gems 艺术瑰宝 32．U NESCO Heritage Committee 联合国教科文组织遗产委员会 33．t he list of World cultural heritage 世界文化遗产名录 34．b ronzeware 青铜器 35．b amboo, wood and lacquer ware 竹木漆器 36．i nscribed bones and tortoise shells 甲骨 37．s eals 玺印 38．a rchaeology 39．r estoration room 文物修复馆 旅游与文化II Part II景点描述常用语 Match work: 雄伟壮丽imposing 灯火辉煌glittering
四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧
四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。
《论语十则》——《中国文化经典研读》(整理)
《论语十则》——《中国文化经典研读》（整理） 1 子曰:“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就(1)有道(2)而正(3)焉，可谓好学也已。” 【注释】 (1)就:靠近、看齐。 (2)有道:指有道德的人。 (3)正:匡正、端正。 【译文】 孔子说:“君子，饮食不求饱足，居住不要求舒适，对工作勤劳敏捷，说话却小心谨慎，到有道的人那里去匡正自己，这样可以说是好学了。” 2 2?4 子曰:“吾十有(1)五而志于学，三十而立(2)，四十而不惑(3)，五十而知天命(4)，六十而耳顺(5)，七十而从心所欲不逾矩(6)。” 【注释】 (1)有:同“又”。 (2)立:站得住的意思。 (3)不惑:掌握了知识，不被外界事物所迷惑。 (4)天命:指不能为人力所支配的事情。 (5)耳顺:对此有多种解释。一般而言，指对那些于己不利的意见也能正确对待。 (6)从心所欲不逾矩:从，遵从的意思;逾，越过;矩，规矩。 【译文】 孔子说:“我十五岁立志于学习;三十岁能够自立;四十岁能不被外界事物所迷惑;五十岁懂得了天命;六十岁能正确对待各种言论，不觉得不顺;七十岁能随心所
欲而不越出规矩。” 3 子曰:“由(1)，诲女(2)，知之乎,知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” 【注释】 (1)由:姓仲名由，字子路。生于公元前542年，孔子的学生，长期追随孔子。 (2)女:同汝，你。 【译文】 孔子说:“由，我教给你怎样做的话，你明白了吗,知道的就是知道，不知道就是不知道，这就是智慧啊～” 4.颜渊、季路侍(1)。子曰:“盍(2)各言尔志。”子路曰:“原车马，衣轻裘，与朋友共，敝之而无憾。”颜渊曰:“愿无伐(3)善，无施劳(4)。”子路曰:“愿闻子之志。”子曰:“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之(5)。” 【注释】 (1)侍:服侍，站在旁边陪着尊贵者叫侍。 (2)盍:何不。 (3)伐:夸耀。 (4)施劳:施，表白。劳，功劳。 (5)少者怀之:让少者得到关怀。 【译文】 颜渊、子路两人侍立在孔子身边。孔子说:“你们何不各自说说自己的志向,”子路说:“愿意拿出自己的车马、衣服、皮袍，同我的朋友共同使用，用坏了也不抱怨。”颜渊说:“我愿意不夸耀自己的长处，不表白自己的功劳。”子路向孔子说:“愿意听听您的志向。”孔子说:“(我的志向是)让年老的安心，让朋友们信任我，让年轻的子弟们得到关怀。” 5 子曰:“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。” 【译文】
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
高一英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2．网上支付方便了客户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(at the cost of) 3．让我的父母非常满意的是，从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园，从起居室也可以。(so) 4．博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷落，急需改善。(whose) 【答案】 1．What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement. 【解析】 1．motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…为专业，enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性，故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering? 2．online payment网上支付，brings convenience to给…带来方便，at the cost of以…为代价，privacy隐私，故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是，后者也那样so it is with。也可以用主语从句What makes my parents really satisfy 表语从句thatthey can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment。overlooks俯视，opposite the street街对面，living room 起居室。故翻译为To my parents’ satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room. 4．not well managed/ management is reckless疏于管理，be covered with dust/ be piled with dust被灰尘覆盖，few visitors游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/ requires immediate improvement亟需改善。故翻译为his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits
翻译中国文化和历史
翻译（一）、中国文化和历史 1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。 The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness. 2、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 ? The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes. 3、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。 Shanghai cuisine, usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China, with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines, Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste”as its essential quality elements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use of seasonings,
文言文翻译技巧和方法
文言文翻译技巧和方法 一、基本方法：直译和意译文言文翻译的基本方法有直译和意译两种。所谓直译，是指用现代汉语的词对原文进行逐字逐句地对应翻译，做到实词、虚词尽可能文意相对。直译的好处是字字落实;其不足之处是有时译句文意难懂，语言也不够通顺。所谓意译，则是根据语句的意思进行翻译，做到尽量符合原文意思，语句尽可能照顾原文词义。意译有一定的灵活性，文字可增可减，词语的位置可以变化，句式也可以变化。意译的好处是文意连贯，译文符合现代语言的表达习惯，比较通顺、流畅、好懂。其不足之处是有时原文不能字字落实。这两种翻译方法当以直译为主，意译为辅。 二、具体方法：留、删、补、换、调、变。 “留”：就是保留。凡是古今意义相同的词，以及古代的人名、地名、物名、官名、国号、年号、度量衡单位等，翻译时可保留不变。例如：《晏子使楚》中的“楚王”、“晏婴”、“晏子”等不用翻译。 “删”，就是删除。删掉无须译出的文言虚词。例如：“寡人反取病焉”的“焉”是语气助词，可不译，本句的意思就是“我反而自讨没趣。”(《晏子使楚》)又如：“子猷、子敬俱病笃，而子敬先亡”中的“而”是连词，可不译，整句意思是“子猷与子敬都病重，子敬先死去。” “补”，就是增补。(1)变单音词为双音词，如《桃花源记》中“率妻子邑人来此绝境”，“妻子”一词是“妻子、儿女”的意思;(2)补出省略句中的省略成分，如《人琴俱亡》中“语时了不悲”，翻译为：(子猷)说话时候完全不悲伤。 “换”，就是替换。用现代词汇替换古代词汇。如把“吾、余、予”等换成“我”，把“尔、汝”等换成“你”。“调”就是调整。把古汉语倒装句调整为现代汉语句式。例如《人琴俱亡》中“何以都不闻消息”，“何以”是“以何”的倒装，宾语前置句，意思是“为什么”。“变”，就是变通。在忠实于原文的基础上，活译有关文字。“子猷问左右”(人琴俱亡))中的“左右”指的是“手下的人”，“左右对曰”(《晏子使楚》中的“左右”指的是“近臣”。 古文翻译口诀古文翻译，自有顺序，首览全篇，掌握大意；先明主题，搜集信息，由段到句，从句到词，全都理解，连贯一起，对待难句，则需心细，照顾前文，联系后句，
中级翻译之一(文化与翻译)
Cast P earls before swine.牛一猪） 7）落汤鸡/落水狗：Like a drow ned mouse .鸡/狗一鼠） 8）热锅上的蚂蚁： Like a cat o n hot bricks.蚂蚁一猫） 9）宁为鸡头，毋为牛后： Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lio n.鸡 —狗，牛一狮） 由此可见，中国成语中的动物在英语成语中已不属于同一动物了。 2. 与颜色有关的成语或谚语英汉也不尽相同 在颜色的作用上，有相同点。比如，红色（red ），无论是在英语国家，还是在 中国，往往都与庆祝活动和喜庆日子有关。如中国有 开门红”代表着好运气。 英语有“redletter days 纪念日，喜庆日）等。但更多的还是有不同点，而且两种 语言在颜色 的意义上也有区别。如 黄色”（yellow ）在西方黄色表示懦弱，胆小， 不敢面对现实。而在中国，黄色是帝王的象征。只有皇帝才配着黄色。再如 蓝 色” （blue ）在英语中通常表示不快活，心情不好。如： 1） He is blue today 文化与翻译 英汉成语、谚语中的语言文化差异 其语言也必然会有很大的差别。语言 来谈 由于中西方的社会文化存在着很大的差异， 离不开文化，文化也离不开语言。本文就英汉成语或谚语对译的几个实例, 谈两种语言在成语或谚语中所存在的文化差异。 1.与动物有关的成语或谚语英汉不尽相同 1）他壮得像头牛。 He is as stro ng as a horse 牛一马） 2）她胆小如 鼠。 She is as timid as a hare （鼠一兔） 3）养虎遗 患: Warm a sn ake in on e's bosom 虎—蛇） 4）瓮中之鳖: Like a rat in a hole.（鳖一鼠） 5）害群之 马: Black shee p.马一羊） 6）对牛弹琴:
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧
英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外，翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践，使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1. 词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此，在平日的翻译练习和测试中，我们在弄清原文句子结构后，务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义，以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择： 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如：Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. ［译文］：审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 ［注释］：本句中like作介词，意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用，则意为"喜欢；想要"。例如：He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如：Would you like to leave a message? (你要不要留个话儿?)此外，like还可以作形容词用，意为"相同的"，如：Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥，异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1 According to the new s chool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. ［译文］：新学派的科学家们认为，技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 ［注释］：school一词常被误译为"学校"，其实，school还有一个词义"学派"。可见，正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响，而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. ［译文］：既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。 ［注释］：许多人把scale译为"范围"，和文章的语篇意思和句子的确切含义大相径庭。
英国旅游景点中英文介绍(修学旅游)
British Tourist Attractions 国名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) 伦敦的主要景点有：白金汉宫、唐宁街10号、大英博物馆、威斯敏斯特宫、伦敦塔、海德公园、格林尼治天文台、福尔摩斯博物馆、大本钟、伦敦塔桥、伦敦等。 英格兰：伦敦London伯明翰Birmingham布里斯托Bristol曼彻斯特Manchester 纽卡斯尔Newcastle利兹Leeds利物浦Liverpool诺丁汉Nottingham 谢菲尔德Sheffield 剑桥Cambridge 牛津Oxfod等 1 景点名称：Edinburgh castle爱丁堡城堡 特色介绍：The main introduction Edinburgh castle is the symbol of Edinburgh, Scotland spirit even standing at the top, High in death volcanic rocks overlooking Edinburgh city, every August in this FenLieShi (Military Tattoo held marching) and, more will be Edinburgh castle solemn majestic atmosphere shows. To Edinburgh tourist would not miss Edinburgh castle, because in Edinburgh castle volcano in granite top, Edinburgh castle in downtown every corner can be seen. Edinburgh castle in the 6th century became the royal fort, Edinburgh castle thenceforth become important royal residence and the state爱丁堡城堡是爱丁堡甚至于苏格兰精神的象征，耸立在死火山岩顶上，居高俯视爱丁堡市区，每年八月在此举办军乐队分列式，更将爱丁堡城堡庄严雄伟的气氛表露无遗。到爱丁堡旅游的人都不会错过爱丁堡城堡，爱丁堡城堡在市中心各角落都可看到。爱丁堡城堡在6世纪时成为皇室堡垒，爱丁堡城堡自此成为重要皇家住所和国家行政中心。 2 景点名称：Buckingham Palace白金汉宫 特色介绍：The main introduction Buckingham Palace is the monarch’s present London home，facing St. James ‘park. It was built for the Duke of Buckingham and Normandy John Sheffield in 1703. Buckingham House was bought by George III for his wife at the price of 28，000 pounds in 1761 and the royal family moved there from St. James ‘Palace. It was enlarged in the Palladian style by John Nash in the reign Of George IV and then the building became known as Buckingham Palace. When Victoria came to the throne，she made it the royal palace. In the palace can be found the Marble Hall，Sculpture Gallery，the Picture Gallery，the Throne Room，the Drawing Room，the Library，the Royal Stamp-Collecting Room，the Grand Staircase and V estibule，over 600 rooms and halls in all. The grounds cover 40 acres and there are collections of famous paintings and of furniture，most of which are works dating from George IV’s time. Since 1993，Buckingham Palace has been open to the public during the summer months only. 白金汉宫英国的王宫。建造在威斯敏斯特城内，位于伦敦詹姆士公园（St. James Park）的西边，1703年为白金汉公爵所建而得名，最早称白金汉屋，意思是“他人的家”。 1762年英国王乔治三世购买了当时在现址上的一所房子作为私人住宅。1821年开始兴建
英语翻译技巧实例
英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法： 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如： （1） Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译） （2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前拆译） 6.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或
进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻，通过现代通信手段的奇迹，看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。（部分倒置） （2）I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信，英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。（部分倒置） （3）改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法： 在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如： （1）At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
英国旅游英语作文阅读
英国旅游英语作文阅读 The Englishman love to behave gentlemanly and the Englishwoman love to behave ladily.They also show their respect to ladies.They always say" Lady first".In their daily life.the English pay attention to their appearance.They dress neatly.They shake hands when they meet other.When they are with others,they usually say "please""thank you""sorry" and so on.The breakfast in Britain is very https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7512032673.html,ually there are all kinds of egg products,oatmeal,bacon,ham,sausages,butter,jam,bread,milk,juice,coffee and so on.They are popular with the western countries.What's more,the English like drinking tea.They have the habit of drink afternoon tea at about 3 in the afternoon.They enjoy drinking tea and treat it as a kind of seeing friends. 英国著名的景点——大英博物馆British Museum 这个大英博物馆凡是去过的人都会由衷的赞叹，惊讶于这里收藏非常的丰富。Had been to the British Museum the number of people may feel, Great Britain has a rich grand collection.整个大英博物馆气势恢宏,金碧辉煌。The whole British Museum magnificent, beautiful decoration.博物馆开放之后，经过了英国人的不断的探险和扩张，得到了很多世界的奇珍异宝。The museum is open, through the exploration and expansion of British people,get a lot of the world's priceless treasures.我们现在看到的很多博物馆中的文物，很多都是别的国家的。Many museums we now see in cultural relics, many of them are from other countries.在这里，能感受到曾经的日不落帝国的辉煌，以及厚重的历史底蕴。Here, can feel the Empire's glory, and heavy historical background.所以说，大英博物馆是很值得我们去观赏的。Therefore, the British Museum is worth watching. 英国著名景点——威斯敏斯特教堂Westminster Abbey 这个教堂的位置是伦敦泰晤士河的北岸，The location of the church is on the north shore of the Thames River in London是一个典型的哥特式的建筑，Is a typical Gothic architecture有很多的欧洲名人都是埋葬到这里的。Many European celebrities are buried here.所以，教堂就更加的出名了，很多游客前来参观。Therefore, the church is more famous, many tourists come to visit.教堂的历史悠久，围绕着这个教堂有很多的故事发生，据说，当时建筑师的设计引发了巨大的争论。因为里边蕴含了太浓烈的文艺复兴时期的元素了。The church has a long history, around this church has a lot of story, said, at that time the architect's design sparked enormous controversy. Because itcontains too strong Renaissance elements. 英国著名景点——爱丁堡城堡Edinburgh Castle
常用翻译技巧和方法
常用翻译方法和技巧 1. 四种翻译方法 1.1直译和意译 所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时，就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容，但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。（张培基） 应当指出，在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下，直译有其可取之处，一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.（郭著章） 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下，在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义，求得内容和形式相符的方法。 意译是指译者在受到译语社会文化差异的局限时，不得不舍弃原文的字面意义，以求疑问与原文的内容相符和主要语言功能的相似。（陈宏薇） 简单地说，直译指在译文中采用原作的的表达方法，句子结构与原句相似，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。 意译指在译文中舍弃原作的表达方法，另觅同意等效的表达方法，或指对原作的句子结构进行较大的变化或调整。（杨莉藜） Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1, literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 2, literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and such main sentence structures or patterns as SV,SVO, SVC, SVA, SVOO, SVOC, SVOA formulated by Randolph Quirk, one of the authors of the book A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where it is really impossible for translators to do literal translation. (Liu Zhongde). 练习： 1. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢擦一擦他的鳄鱼泪。 2. It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good. 对有些人有害的事情可能对另一些人有利。 3. Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意日。