短文改错知识点总结

短文改错知识点总结

短文改错测试点

一.语法

主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。

二.是在行文逻辑方面，

主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.

转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等 .

错误类型

1.冠词的多用、少用和误用

2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用

3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当

4.主谓不一致的错误

5.动词的时态和语态的误用

6.非谓语动词的误用

7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用

8关联词和平行结构的误用

9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用

10.冗词的多用

设错方式

一、动词形

1.动词的时态和语态错误

2.主、谓不一致的错误

3.谓语与非谓语误用

4.非谓语动词的误用

动词置于句首

?首先看有没有并列连词and /or /otherwise, 有就考虑是祈使句

?没有，就考虑非谓语动词

?再看有没有(,)，有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语

例Review what happened in the past helps me succeed in the future.

Reviewing

常接不定式的形容词

?be glad to do

?be eager to do

?be anxious to

?be ready to do

及物动词后有by，in，with，to

?先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词

?be located /situated in位于

?be absorbed in被…吸引/专心于

? be involved in 参与/牵涉到/专心于

? be lost in 沉迷于

? be mixed with 与…混合

? be covered with 为…覆盖

? be lined with 排列

? be surrounded with 环绕

? be faced with 面临

? be combined with 联合

? be connected with 联系

? be compared to /with 与…相比

? be addicted to 沉迷于

? be related to 与…有关系

无被动语态的动词

? 不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing

? happen /take place /occur

? lie /exist

? date from /back to

? belong to

? consist of

? die

? sound /look /feel /taste /smell

练习

1.I moved by their encouraging words and I studied even harder.

was 2.Facing with many problems, the new government is having a hard time. Facted 3.Bury in his w ork, Tom didn’t notice me enter the room.

Buried 4.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped Located

apartment meets all their needs. 5.We were driving in the country when the car stop working.

stopped 6.Mary ,as well as her sisters study Chinese in China.

studies 7.I saw the boys played games on the bank of the lake when I passed. playing 8.I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the seeing changing colors of the leaves on the trees.

9.Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now?

do

主谓一致 ^ ^

?动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语

?many /many a

?The number of与A number of

?some /the rest /分数 /百分数 + n

?not only…but also /either…or /neither…nor

只能使用过去时的时间状语

?last week /year /night

?just now

?the other day

?in the past

?yesterday

例Last Saturday, our school had organized all of the Senior I students to visit the children at a local orphanage

二、名词数

?可数与不可数、单复数错用

?名词的格的误用

?前后修饰语的误用

?名词前冠词的误用

不可数名词前的修饰语

?只能接不可数：little, much, a great deal of, a great /large amount of ?接可数与不可数：some, any, a lot of /lots of

? a piece of

必须接复数的修饰语

?many

?few

? a large /great number of

?large /great numbers of

?these

?those

?several

例The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.

dishes

?baggage /luggage行李?damage损害?furniture家具?equipment设备?weather天气

?money金钱

?change零钱?experience经验?advice忠告?information信息?news消息?knowledge知识?work工作?homework家庭作业?progress 进步

? food 食物

? bread 面包

? beer 啤酒

? wine 葡萄酒

? coffee 咖啡

? tea 茶

? milk 牛奶

? water 水

? do damage /harm /good to

? get /be close to nature

? protect the environment

? send sth into space

? the universe

? make progress

of + 抽象名词

? importance

? significance

? value

? help

? use

? interest

? have /find /feel interest in

? with pleasure /joy /delight

? be in trouble /difficulty

? be in danger

? with difficulty

? in surprise /anger

? take pride in

例Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of interests.

interest

抽象名词具体化

? danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)

? experience 经验→an experience 一次经历

? failure 失败→a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事

? success 成功→a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事

? knowledge 知识→a good knowledge 对……精通/熟知

? surprise 惊奇→a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事

? pleasure 快乐→a pleasure 一件愉快的事

例He was a complete failure as a teacher, but he has made great success of his business.

必须用复数

? make friends /enemies with

? one of my friends

? juice 饮料 ? cloth 布 ? clothing 衣服 ? paper 纸 ? sand 沙 ? wood 木头 ? courage 勇气 ? rubbish 垃圾

?in public places

必须用单数

?have a good command /knowledge of

特殊名词的修饰语

?price /cost

?sth

?population

?number

?high /low

?cheap /expensive

?large /small

?(many错)

不带冠词的名词

?go to school

?at school

?go to church

?at church

?send sb to hospital

?in hospital

?throw /put sb in prison

?in prison

?work in a school /a hospital /a prison

?go to the school /the hospital to see sb

?have lunch /breakfast /supper

?have /find /feel interest in

?to one’s surprise /joy /delight

a & an

?an hour

?an honest man

? a university student

? a one-year-old boy

? a useful book

练习

1.We can find a lot of informations on the Internet.

information

2.Different people speak different language.

languages

3.The man is a friend of my father.

father’s

4.I won’t take this jacket, for its price is very expensive.

high

5.When a child is five in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the

school . 6.After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened .

an

7.An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 .

a

8.I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new person . a

9.With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green .

the 三、形容词和副词

看修饰语

? 形容词和副词的误用

? 原级，比较级和最高级的误用。

? 形容词(作定语) 修饰 名词

? 系动词 + 形容词(作表语)

? 副词(作状语) 修饰 形容词/副词

? 副词(作状语) 修饰 动词

? 副词(作状语) 修饰 整个句子

半系动词

? 状态保持：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand

? 结果是，证明是：prove, turn out

? 感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look

? 似乎好像：seem, appear

? 状态变化：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

练习

1.I ’m sure we ’ll have a wonderfully time together.

wonderful 2.He knows me so good that he can recognize my foot steps.

well

3.This river isn ’t as longer as that one.

long

常见评注状语

? fortunately 幸运的是

? unfortunately 不幸的是

? luckily 幸运的是

? unluckily 不幸的是

? generally /honestly /frankly speaking 一般/老实/坦率地说

? more /most importantly 更/最重要的是

? worse still /what ’s worse 更糟糕的是

? 词性错误：评注状语该用副词, 错点用形容词；

^ ^

?意义错误：评注状语表达了对自己要说的话的态度，错点用与后文意义不一致的副词

练习

1.Fortunate，there are too many people in my family.

Unfortunately

2.Luck enough, I have caring teachers and friendly classmates.

Luckily

3.But most important, public awareness of sharing and caring is to be further

importantly

Promoted.

adj. &adv Array

1.wide /widely

?the wide use of computers (adj.)

?be widely used /accepted

?open your eyes /mouth /the door wide

2.high /highly

?sing high praise for(adj.)

?fly /jump /climb high

?sing high and clearly

?speak /think highly of

?praise sb highly

?highly developed /successful

3.deep /deeply

?take a deep breath(adj.)

?breathe deeply

?leave /make /create a deep impression on(adj.)

?be deeply impressed

?study sth deeply

?learn deep into the night

?dive deep into the water.

比较级常错点

?要避免比较级重复使用。

?要避免比较级与同级比较混用。

?要注意比较级表示最高级中表述的准确。

?要注意比较的对象要一致。

练习

1.He is more cleverer than his brother.

2.China is larger than any country in Asia.

other

3.Mary ’s spoken Chinese is better than her sister ．

sister ’s

4.As a result, we don ’t write as better as we did in the past.

well

5.Tom is the most diligent student I have never met.

ever

6.I have ever met a more diligent student than Tom.

never 四、代词

? 人称代指代要清楚，主格、宾格、名词和形容词性物主代,反身代词。

? 不定代词的误用及混用．

反身代词：放在动词介词之后，作宾语，表示动作作用于主语本身

例1.Only a few students solve their problems all by them.

themselves

2.I just smiled to me and thought , “What can I do ?”

myself

人称代词：主格：作主语

宾格：作宾语，放在动词介词之后

练习

1.There are trees on all sides of the road.

both

2.I think important to learn the computer well.

it ^

^

3.Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves . their

4.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. we

it

? 一考it 的补全，二考it 所代替的成分

? find /consider /feel /think /make it 补语 + to do /从句

? love /like /hate /appreciate it when /if

? It is + adj /n to do /doing

1.I would greatly appreciate if I could have the chance to host them and make it

friends with them.

2.What ’s more, it is our duty protect our environment.

to 3.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is

A mine going to Chengdu.

五、介词

? 主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。

? 介词后面接名词、代词宾格、动名词

? 不能接that 从句和不定式，但可接特殊疑问词引导的从句和不定式

介词别忘记

? consist of

? wait for sb

? ask for sth

? lie /exist in

? date from

? date back to

? have /find /feel interest in

? be interested in

? have an effect /influence on

? have an attitude to /towards

? pay attention to

? pay a visit to

? focus /concentrate /center on

? do damage /harm /good to

类似短语、不同介词

? in the morning /evening /afternoon

? at night

? on a rainy /cold morning /night

? be proud of

不用介词

? every day /morning /weekend

^ ^ ^

? next morning /Friday

? last week /month /year

1.前不能加介词，后不能加when

? Each /Every time 从句 每次

? The next /The last time 从句 上次/下次

? The moment /The minute /The second /The instant 从句 一…就

? The first time 从句 第一次

2.及物动词直接接宾语，但受汉语影响，容易错误的加一个介词，这是介词常见的设错方式

? enter sp = get into sp

? reach sp = arrive at /in sp = get to sp

? lack sth.(vt.)

3.用作名词时可以与of 连用，譬如Due to /Because of (a) lack of money, his parents can ’t send him to school. = Because his family lacks money, his parents can ’t send him to school.

练习 1.I saw him enter into the classroom.

2.On the other hand, some food producers lack of social conscience.

3.The bus will wait us at the gate of the school.

for

4.I ’m Lihua, a Chinese student take summer courses in your university. I ’m taking

writing to you to ask help.

for

5.Before leave the orphanage we took photos with the children and gave them our leaving

contact details but we could keep in touch with one another.

so

5. I ’m sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really want to tell you anything something about the problem of some people keep too many pets nowadays.

keeping

注：Of 后边接的是动名词复合结构，some people 是keeping 的逻辑主语

六、连词

? 并列连词：并列连词连接对等的成分，是找错的关键信号词

? 从属连词：连词误用

? 连接副词：主语考察上下文理解

常见并列连词

? as well as 和，也

? and

? but 强调转折

^ ^

?while强调对比

?or或者，否则

either…or要么…要么

?neither...nor既不…也不

?not only…but also

并列连词

?并列连词连接对等的成分，在改错中是一个关键的信号词。

?并列连词搭配与意义

?Taking everything necessary with you and please get on the bus on time.

?and连接两个并列的祈使句

练习

1.It will start at 2:00 pm and lasts for about three hours.

last

注：and连接动词原形置于will之后

2.Doctors say that anger can lead to serious diseases, and that both controlling

anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to our health.

expressing

注：and连接并列的-ing形式作主语

3.We can go swimming, playing ball games or simple take a walk after a day’

Paly simply

s study.

4.Beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.

neat

5.Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods are cheap.

cheaper 注：And连接两个并列句，在意义上相对。

6.It is a fun to walk around stores and looking at various goods on sale

look

注：It is fun doing /to do都可，但只能改一处，故改后者。并列的不定式to可省略

7.Remember: Losing your temper does good to neither you or the other people.

nor

8.We should plant trees every year, or we can have a better life in the future.

and/so

9.Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among children

or teenagers.

and

连词

?考察上下文逻辑关系与连词的正确使用

?Though /although不能与but连用

?Because /since /as不能与so连用

?If不能与and连用

?even if /though即使，甚至

?as if /though似乎，好像

?as long as只要

?as soon as一…就…

?if如果---unless如果不(不要翻译成除非，句中不能有not)

?while当什么时候(从句谓语必须用延续性动词，否则改为when)

?be about to do /be doing /had just done必须与when连用

连接副词

?考察上下文逻辑关系

?however转折

?therefore /thus因果

?besides /moreover /furthermore /additionally并列

?连接副词用( ，)与主句隔开，改正时也必须改成连接副词，不能改成并列连词或从属连词。

练习

1.Hot water is provided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night.

and

2.I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each

other. Therefore, my father loves football.

however

3.We can choose what we really need and even find a good bargain. However, we

Besides

can chat with the shop assistant and acquire a lot of use information.

4.Third, the environment of fast food restaurants is both clean and comfortably.

comfortable Therefore, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.

However

七、情态动词与虚拟语气

?情态动词后接动词原形

?情态动词的意义

?语气的辨别

need与dare区别

与过去相反：had done

if 条件句：表愿望的句型：

?If only(要是…就好了，但愿)

?would rather(宁愿)

?wish(希望)

?as if /though(似乎，好像)

should do

练习

1.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.

were

2.Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.

be

3.The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.

was

4.He mustn’t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.

can’t

5.Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?

6.She told him he ought not do it.

^

to

7.I believe that he wide use of such shopping bags can greatly improves our

impove

environment.

八、定语从句

?关系代词和关系副词的误用

?定语从句中的主谓一致

?介词 + which /whom

?(,)后边不能用that

?多余

练习

1.I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union of No. 8 Middle School which

it is close to your university.

2.Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China

whom

several times.

3.He put it in a secret place where I couldn’t find.

which

4.The house which Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.

where

5.I'll never forget the day which I first went to school.

when

6.I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me .

7.We took many books that was popular among children, as well as many kinds of

were

school supplies and toys.

九、名词性从句

?连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用

考点1：语序

?从句都使用陈述句语序

考点2：what & that

?What是连接代词在句中作主宾表定

?That引导一个表事实的句子，that在句中不作成分

考点3：what & which & whose

?What 有范围，表示：什么

?Which 无范围，表示：哪一个

?Whose 无范围，表示：谁的

考点4：同位语从句&定语从句

that & which

?先行词差异：跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, hope, thought, problem, reason等;定语从句的先行词不固定。

?连词差异：同位语从句中只能用that，在句中不担任成分，定语从句中可用that, 也可用which，在从句中作主语，宾语等。

考点5：what & how

whatever & however

?What /whatever修饰名词

?How /however修饰形容词和副词

?The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems /what a terrible problem /how terrible a problem we would face. /how terrible the problem is. 考点6：that & whether /if

?都在从句中不作成份，但that引导一个表事实的句子，由陈述句变来；whether /if 表是否，由一般疑问句变来。

练习

1.We would return at night to hear that he'd picked up from the radio in the

what

day.

2.But it didn’t matter that I would win or not.

whether

3. When people are playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good

why

activities for their health.

十、状语从句

?引导词的误用

练习

1.He got up early in order to he could catch the first

that

2.Make a mark which you have any doubts or questions.

where

十一、一致问题

?改错中注意：

?上下文时态一致

?主谓一致

?连词，连接副词，评注状语前后句子意义一致

?代词前后指代一致

例1.With time went by, I’ve made great progress

going

解析：不能把with改成as,否则时态不一致

2.As we all know, getting angry not only did harm to one’s health but also

does

has a bad effect on the relationship between people.

3.If we did things well, we will be healthy and happy.

do

4.If I am in your position, I would also refuse his request.

were

解析：在条件状语从句中，时态一般是主将从现原则，如果主句有would /should /could /might，从句就应根据上下文意义是否是考虑虚拟语气，用过去或过去完成时

十二、冗词

例https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7512034879.html,st summer ,I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city.

解析: 受汉语影响，time一词多余，first 即可表达“第一次”

2.Two years later, he returned back home.

解析 : return = give /go back.

3.It is about 200 miles far away from London.

解析 :表示具体有多远不用far .

4.Many students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.

解析 :that 引导的宾语从句直接作动词 feel 的宾语；而 it作形式宾语，其后应接形容词等作宾语补足语

高考英语题型专项 短文改错

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1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. _________ 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。 三、精典范例 例1 （NMET 2000） The day before the speech contest （比赛）English teacher talked to me. She saide that she and my schoolmate all wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered her words and calm down, I did a good jobm and won the first prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 解析 1. my English 。该题考查代词，绝大部分考生知道English teacher 前少一个词语，但很多人都误加上了our, an 或the,而后面两次出现my English teacher ，因而本题实际考查学生对文章内容的理解。 2. schoolmate → schoolmates 。schoolmate 应为复数形式。 3. that → whether 。whether 与后面的or not 相呼应。 4. 正确。 5. as → that 。把as 改成that ，组成so … that 结构。 6. a 去掉。catch sight of 是固定短语。 7．but → and 。意义的转折用but,意思并列用and 。 8. calm → calmed 。remembered 和calmed 是对应的。 9. is → are 。主语用and 连接，谓语动词用are 。 10. often 去掉。often 多余。 【例2】（2004年全国卷I ） Dear Ralph, I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.

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（5）注意非谓语动词结构的使用（done doing to do）

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2020新编高考英语短文改错常见错误类型汇总

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解题思路（三步解题法） 第一步：快速浏览全文，把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意，顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错 误。 第二步：细读文章，找出错误并改正。一般要结合文章的上下文以及出题规律来做题。 第三步：代入正确答案通读全文，看其是否通顺。 出题规律及破解关键 高考短文改错一般会在以下八个方面进行设题。 1. 动词：主要考查时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。例如： ①时态混用 Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help. 。） （很显然此段的主时态是一般过去式，因此应把can’ｔ改为couldn’ｔ ②主谓不一致 There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening. （a football game决定了谓语动词用单数，故应该把were改为was。） ③固定搭配 He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer. （give up doing sth.是固定用法，故动词buy应该改为buying。） 2. 名词：主要考查单复数混用。例如： Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy. （表示“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，故应把year改为years。） 3. 形容词/副词：主要考查两者之间是否混用。例如： ①副词代替正确形容词 During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually. （很明显是“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。） ②形容词代替正确副词 As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on —get going!” （显然应把excited改为excitedly，用来修饰动词cheer。） 4. 介词：主要考查固定搭配，特别是动词和介词的搭配。例如： ①介词遗漏 I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster. （get rid of 是固定搭配，意为“摆脱，除去”。） ②介词多余 My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

短文改错考点大总结

【名词】 1、可数/不可数 At last, he offered his advices on how to get rid of the addiction. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. I'm looking forward to hearing a good news from you ! The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. Much rare animals are dying out. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. We don’t need to do so many homework. "You remind me so many of my mother. May I hug (拥抱) you?" 2、单复数 One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. Since then---for all these year---we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard. The only clothes I had was those I had on. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. He stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. I was walking home with one of my friend. 【动词】

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