全新版综合教程 B3U6

Unit 6 The Human Touch

Text A The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done?

Ⅰ. Teaching Objectives

Students will be able to:

1.understand the main idea (Old Behrman saved Johnsy?s life at the expense of his own)

and structure of the text;

2.appreciate how the repeated use of clues helps weave a piece of narration together;

3.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;

4.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the

theme of the unit.

Ⅱ. Before Reading

1.English Poem--- Another Day in Paradise

Read the Poem

Another Day in Paradise

… But Seriously, 1989

She calls out to the man on the street

“Sir, can you help me?”

It?s cold and I?ve nowhere to sleep

Is there somewhere you can tell me?”

He walks on, doesn?t look back

He pretends he can?t hear her.

Starts to whistle as he crosses the street

Seems embarrassed to be there

Oh think twice, it?s anther day for

You and me in paradise

Oh think twice, it?s another day for you

You and me in paradise

She calls out to the man on the street

He can see she?s been crying

She?s got blisters on the soles of her feet

Can?t walk but she?s crying

Oh think twice…

Oh lord, is there nothing more anybody can do

Oh lord, there must be sth you can say

You can tell from the lines on her face

You can see that she?s been there

Probably been moved on from every place

…Cos she didn?t fit in there

Oh think twice

Discussion

1) What story does the poem tell us?

2) What would you do if you were the man in the poem, and shy?

2. Listen to the song.

Blank Filling

Listen to the song and fill in the blanks with what you hear. There comes a time

When we hear a certain call,

When the world

Must come together as one.

There were people dying;

And it?s time to lend a hand to life,

The greatest gift of all.

We can?t go on pretending day by day

That someone somewhere will soon

Make a change

We are the part

Of God?s great big family.

And the truth you know,

Love is all we need.

We are the world,

We are the children

We are the ones

Who make a bright day.

So let?s start giving.

There?s a choice we are making,

We are saving our own lives.

It?s true we?ll make a better day,

Just you and me.

Send them your heart

So they?ll know that someone cares.

And their life

Will be stronger and free.

As God has shown us,

By turning stones to bread

So we all must lend a helping hand.

We are the world,

We are the children

We are the ones

Who make a bright day.

So let?s start giving.

There?s a choice we are making,

We are saving our own lives.

It?s true we?ll make a better day,

Just you and me.

When you?re down and out

There seems no hope at all.

But if you just believe,

There?s no way we can fall

Let us realize

That a change can only come

When we stand together as one.

Questions about the Song and the Text

1.According to song, among faith, hope and charity, which is the most important?

Charity.

2.The story tells us that, to solve the problems of this world, “Love is all we need.” Do

you think so? If not, what do we need to “make a bright day”?

Some Pion eers to “Make a Bright Day”

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, an order(教会) of nuns, to help those who are starving and sick. Centered in Calcutta, India, one of the most densely populated cities in the world, the organization also helps the impoverished children. After four decades of service for the poor, Mother Teresa stepped down from her role as administrator of the order in 1990. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.

(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7214508702.html,/nobel/peace/1979a.html)

Princess Diana

Diana actively supported many charities related to homeless and deprived children, drug abuse and victims of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). In 1987 Diana shocked many people when she shook the hand of an AIDS patient. She was the vice president of the British Red Cross and served as a member of International Red Cross advisory board. (http:// https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7214508702.html,/diana.html)

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson cowrote (with Lionel Richie) the song We Are the World(1985), which was performed by a group of more than 40 popular musicians, with all profits from audio and video sales donated to alleviate world hunger.

3. Background information

O. Henry

O. Henry(1862-1910): American writer of short stories, best known for his ironic plot twists and surprise endings

He was born on September 11, 1862 in North Carolina, where he spent his childhood.

He went to Texas in 1882 and worked at various jobs—as a teller in an Austin bank (1891-1894) and as a newspaperman for the Houston Post.

In 1898 an unexplained shortage in the Austin bank was charged to him. Although many people believed him innocent, he fled to the Honduras, but returned to be with his wife, who was fatally ill. He eventually served three years in prison, where he first started writing short stories.

Upon his release he settled in New York City and became a highly successful and prolific contributor to various magazines. Although his stories have been criticized as shallow and contrived, O. Henry did catch the color and movement of the city and evidenced a genuine sympathy for ordinary people. His approximately 300 stories are collected in Cabbages and Kings(1904, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7214508702.html,/etexts/599/), The Four Million(1906, https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7214508702.html,/read/thefourmillion.html), The Voice of the City (1908), Options(1909), and others.

He died on June 5, 1910 in New York City at the age of forty-seven. An alcoholic, he died virtually penniless.

What Are They Famous For?

Do you know these greatest artists and their masterpieces?

Steven Spielberg(1947-): American motion-picture director, producer and executive, who achieved great commercial success and is among the most popular filmmakers of the late 20th century.

Masterpieces: Schindler’s List, Jurassic Park,

Saving Private Rayn, etc.

Click the words in red!

Mozart (1756-1791): Austrian composer, the centrally important composer of the classical era, and one of the most inspired composers in Western musical tradition Masterpieces: Symphony No. 40 in G minor

(G 小调第40号交响曲)

Variations on “Ah, vous diral-je, Maman”

（“小星星”变奏曲）

Xu Beihong 991895-1953): Modern Chinese master of Fine Arts(美术) Masterpieces: Horses

Click the words in red!

Pablo Picasso (1981-1973): Spanish painter and sculptor, generally considered the greatest artist in the 20th century.

Masterpieces: The Barefoot Girl, Self-portrait, etc.

Click the words in red!

Leonardo Da Vinci(1452-1519): Florentine artist, one of the great masters of High Renaissance （文艺复兴盛期）, celebrated as painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and scientist.

Masterpieces: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, etc.

Click the words in red!

Ralph Lauren (1939- ): American fashion designer, the founder of the clothing company called Polo

Masterpieces: clothing for men, women and children, bedding and bath luxuries, gifts and much more.

Wang Xizhi (303-379): Wang Xizhi is known as the Sagfe of Calligraphy （书法）. He is remembered not only for revolutionizing art of Chinese writing, but also for his complete devotion to this traditional Chinese art form.

Masterpieces: Lan Ting Xu (the Prelude of the Orchid Pavilion), etc.

Click the words in red!

William Shakespeare (1564-1616): English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists.

Masterpieces: As You Like It, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Ni ght,

etc.

Click the words in red!

Ⅱ. Global Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

A piece of narration usually consists of a number of scenes. In each scene there are different characters who interact with each other. Now put down, in the following table, the characters and major events of seven scenes in Text A. The first one has been done

2. Questions and Answers

The story is, as indicated by its title, built around the last ivy leaf. In other words, the last ivy leaf is the main thread that runs through the whole story. The following questions are intended to help you get a clear idea of this point.

1) What was, at first, Johnsy determined to do if the last ivy leaf should fall?

She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.

2) What did she decide to do when she saw the last leaf still cling to the vine after two

nights? rain and wind?

She decided not to give up her life

3) How was it that the cold fierce wind did not blow away the last leaf?

Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy’s state of mind, risked death to paint the last leaf and save her.

4) Why did Sue call the painted leaf Behrman?s masterpiece?

Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing.

3. Scanning

Scan Text A and find out other clues besides “the last ivy leaf”, which help organize the story into a whole.

Clue 1: the last leaf

Clue 2: the doctor’s three visits

1.Johnsy was seriously ill. (L11~23)

2.Johnsy had a 50-50 chance for survival and death while Old Behrman

was incurably sick. (L106~114)

3.Johnsy was sure to recover. (L115~116)

Clue 3:soup

1.Johnsy refused to take any soup when she decided to die with the fall of

the last leaf. (L44~47)

2.When she was shaken alive again by that undying last leaf, one of her

first desires was to drink some soup. (L101)

Clue 4: the Bay of Naples

1.Before she fell ill, Johnsy had wished to paint the Bay of Naples. (L16)

2.Inspired by the last leaf, Johnsy again looked forward to painting it.

(L105)

Clue 5: Behrman’s masterpiece

1.Old Behrman was a failure in art. He had always talked about a

masterpiece, yet he was unable to deliver it. (L56~58)

2.“Someday I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.”

(L73~74)

3.Finally, Old Behrman painted his masterpiece at the cost of his life.

(L119~128)

4. Further Understanding

For Parts 1& 2 Story Telling

Suppose you are Sue. Tell us in the first person a story which may cover the following points:

1) How did Johnsy and you meet?

2) How did she get ill?

3) What did the doctor tell you about Johnsy?s illness?

For Parts 3 & 4 Dialogue Making

Make a dialogue between Sue and Behrman according to the sentence “She told him of Johnsy?s fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker” in Lines 65 to 68.

For Parts 5, 6 & 7 Discussion

1) What encouraged Johnsy to regain the will to live and how?

2) What do you think Johnsy would react after realizing what Mr. Behrman had done

for her?

Ⅳ. Detailed Reading

Important words, phrases and sentences:

Part One (P aras.1~ 2) Sue’s roommate Johnsy caught pneumonia.

1.(L2) “Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.

Paraphrase the sentence:

“Johnsy” was a pet name for Joanna.

2. (L3~5) They had met at a caféon Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted. 1).What are “ chicory salad” and “ bishop sleeves”?

The pictures show what “chicory salad” and “bishop sleeves” are

2). Why did the joint studio come into being

Because the two girls have so many things in common.

3. (L4) in tune: harmonious(ly) ( often followed by with) 和谐

---他的想法与我的一样。

His ideas were in tune with mine

---The price of gold coins fluctuates (波动) in tune with that of commodities.

Collocation:

out of tune with与……不和谐

change one’s tune改变看法，做法等

4. (L5) joint: adj. held or done by two or more persons together 合资的，联合的

--- She had taken the money out of the joint account she had with her husband.

--- There are a number of different forms of business ownership, such as partnerships, corporations and joint ventures.

5. (L6~8) In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims.

1). What kind of rhetorical method is used here?

Personification.

2). What does “ touching one here and there with his icy fingers” mean?

It means the illness spread quickly from one to another.

3). What does “ Victims” mean here?

The “victims” were those who had got the illness.

6. (L7) stalk: v. (of an evil force) move through (a place) in a threatening way; move

quietly and cautiously in order to get near 蔓延

--- Fear stalks every dark stairwell and walkway.

---那片水域有追寻猎物的鲨鱼出没。

There are sharks stalking their prey in those waters.

7. (L7~8) here and there: in various places

---(D) We went here and there looking for berries.

---这地区土地贫瘠，只是间或有一小块肥沃的地方。

The country is barren, with here and there a fertile spot.

8. (L8) victim: n. person, animal, etc. suffering death, injury or loss 牺牲品

--- Four people were killed in explosion, but the police have not yet named the victims. --- Thousands were victims of the plague in the Middle Ages.

9. (L8) scarcely: adv. not quite; almost not 几乎不

--- She scarcely speaks a word of English.

---他一进房间电话铃就响了。

Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang.

CF: scarcely, barely& hardly

这三个词都是副词，都有“几乎不，刚好”之意

scarcely含有“不太够”的意思，强调不能令人满意。例如：

--- There were scarcely a hundred people present.

出席的人数还不足一百。

--- He is so uneducated that he can scarcely write his name.

他太没文化了，连自己的名字都不会写。

barely含有“仅仅够、一点不多”的意思，强调没有多余。例如：

--- He eats barely enough.

他刚刚吃饱。

---We barely succeeded.

我们勉强成功。

hardly表示接近最近限度，差不多没有多余，而且强调困难。例如：

--- We could hardly endure the winter here.

我们简直忍受不了这里冬天的寒冷。

---I could hardly speak for tears.

我哭得几乎说不出话来。

Part Two (P3~ 8) The doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a strong will to live on.

10. (L21~23) I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient

begins to count the carriage in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.

1) Translate the sentence into Chinese.

“只要是科学能做到的，我会尽一切努力的。可是，但凡病人开始计算出殡的行列里有几辆马车的时候，我就要把医药的疗效减去一半。

2) What can you infer from the sentence?

Johnsy was seriously ill. The doctor held out little hope for her because she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.

11. (L23) subtract vt. take (a number, quantity) away from a larger number or

quantity

---(D) Students were given a lot of practice in writing, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing.

--- When total taxes are subtracted from personal income, the remainder is called disposable income.

*12. (L23) curative: adj. helping to, able to or intended to cure illness, etc. 有助于治疗的，有疗效的

--- the curative properties of a herb 药草的治疗性能

13. (L25) merry adj. happy; cheerful; bright and gay 高兴的，快乐的，兴奋的

--- Peter and Mary were strolling about among the merry crowd enjoying Christmas Eve in Time Square.

--- We had a merry time at the party.

--- The more the merrier, the fewer the better fare.

人越多快乐，人越少吃得香。

Collocation:

as merry as cricket/ lark 非常快活

make merry 尽情欢乐；欢宴作乐

make merry over/ of/ about 嘲弄；挖苦

--- He is making merry over the boy who has no shoes.

14. (L27) backward

1) adv. with the back or end first 向后，朝后

--- The helicopter can travel forward, backward, or sideways.

--- Radar tests indicated Venus was actually rotating backward, compared to our planet.

2) adj. late in development 落后的

---这个国家的一些落后地区还没有电力。

Some backward parts of the country do not have any electricity.

--- Because of his long illness, Tom is backward in his studies.

Collocation:

backward and forward 来来回回；反复地

bend/ fall/ lean over backward 竭尽全力

--- They leaned over backward to make her feel at home.

know sth. backward 对某事物熟谙到倒背如流的地步

Part Three (P9~17) Johnsy decided that she would die when the last ivy leaf fell. 15. (L32) bare adj. without covering, clothing, or decoration 裸露的

--- In giving first aid to an electric-shock victim, a caregiver must not touch the victim with bare hands.

--- Soil held in place by plant roots is less likely to blow or wash away than bare soil. CF: bare, naked& nude

bare指裸露的，含有无衣服，无保护或无装饰之意。例如：

--- It?s cold outside, but he went out with his head bare.

外面很冷，但他还是光着头出去了。

--- The hills were bare of vegetation.

小山上一点花草树木都没有。

naked指没有通常所应有的遮盖物。例如：

---The mad man always walked around naked.

这位精神病患者经常光着身子到处跑。

--- The fallacy has been exposed in its naked absurdity.

这谬论的荒诞性已被充分揭露。

nude主要指人体裸露，也可指房间无装饰或光秃秃的。例如：

--- The model is posing in the nude for an artist.

模特裸体摆好姿势让画家作画。

--- He is living in a single nude room.

他住在一间光秃秃的单人房间里。

16. (L32) dreary: adj. dull; gloomy; causing low spirits 沉闷的，枯燥的，令人厌烦

的，无聊的

---(D) Addressing envelopes all the time is dreary work.

---外贸前景黯淡。

Foreign trade prospects are dreary.

17. (L35) in a whisper: in a low voice 窃窃私语，低声讲话

--- He bent down and addressed her in a whisper.

--- She said it in a whisper, so I couldn?t hear.

18. (L42) nonsense: n. foolish talk, ideas, behavior 胡言乱语，蠢话

--- Currently, the Web contains everything from nonsense to up-to-the minute news about the US presidency or US stock quotes from Wall Street.

---我从来没有听说过这种蠢话。

I have never heard such nonsense.

19. (L49) turn loose: allow (sth) to be free of control 随便……

--- He turned the horse loose in the field.

--- The World Bank makes grants to developing countries but it doesn?t just turn the money loose.

世界银行拨款给发展中国家，但并不听任随便使用。

20. (L53) I’ll not be gone a minute.

What is the meaning of the sentence?

I will back in a few minutes.

Part Four (P18 ~21) Sue told Behrman about Johnsy’s fancy

21. (L56) looking the part: have an appearance for a particular job, role or position --- If he wasn?t actually a thief he certainly looked the part.

---(D) Despite looking the part, Michael was not an artist at all.

22. (L 57) masterpiece: n. a piece of work, esp. art, which is the best of its type or the best a person has done.

--- The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered Mark Twain?s masterpiece.

---第九交响乐是贝多芬最杰出的作品。

The Ninth Symphony was Beethoven?s masterpiece.

23. (L58) to excess: to an extreme degree 过度，过量，无节制

---His father never smoked or drank to excess.

---Don?t carry your grief to excess.

Pattern:

in excess of 超过

---Never spend in excess of your income.

24. (L60~62) For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.

1) Judging from the phrase “mocked terribly at softness in any one?. What kind of

person was Mr. Behrman?

Mr. Behrman was a kind of person who laughed greatly at anyone who showed weakness in front of him.

2) How is the characteristic of his illustrated in the following text?

When hearing of Johnsy’s fancy, and how she feared she would, light and fragile as a leaf, float away, he “with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.”

25. (L60) for the rest: as regards other matters 在其他方面

---The working conditions in my new job are excellent, but for the rest, I am not impressed.

---在其他方面，我再也没有注意到什么了。

For the rest, I could not notice anything more.

Collocation:

as to the rest 至于其他方面

and all the rest of it 以及其他等等

--- He is young and handsome and well-educated and all the rest of it.

26. (L60) fierce: adj 愤怒的，发怒的

1). violent and angry

--- a fierce looking man

--- It was estimated that the fierce storm killed at least several thousand people and left more than one million without homes.

2). intense, strong 严重的，激烈的

--- While Apple enjoyed brighter sales, competitors in the IBM PC world fought a fierce battle for market share.

---由于失业人数众多，寻找工作的竞争十分激烈。

Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.

27. (L61) mock:

1) v. ridicule; make fun of 取笑，嘲笑

Pattern: mock (at) sb./sth.

--- He made all the other boys laugh by mocking the way the teacher spoke and walked.

--- The student did his best, and the teacher was wrong to mock at his effort

2) adj. not real or true; like ( in appearance, taste, etc.) something real 模仿

--- The army training exercises ended with a mock battle.

---(D) Before each debate, he is expected to engage in mock debate.

28. (L 66) fancy:

1. n.

1). sth. imagined; unfounded opinion or belief 想象力

--- Children usually have a lively fancy.

--- I think he will come, but it?s only a fancy of mine.

2). Liking formed without the help of reason 喜爱，渴望

--- I have taken a fancy to that silly hat.

---她停下来细看那件引起她兴趣的展览品。

She stopped to examine the exhibit that struck her fancy.

2. vt.

1). Form a picture of; imagine 想象

--- Fancy her having a fool like that for a husband!

---(D) Can you fancy yourself on the moon?

2). have a liking for, wish for 渴望，希望得到

--- I fancy something sweet to eat

--- I had a suspicion that they fancied each other.

3. vi. Form a picture of sth; imagine 想象

---想象一下Just fancy!

4. adj. ornamental or brightly colored; not ordinary

---fancy cakes

---The pattern is too fancy for me.

29. (L 68) stream:

1. v.

1)produce a continuous flow of liquid流动

--- His eyes were streaming with tears from the coughing.

--- The little child?s nose is streaming because of the cold.

2)move in a continuous flow; pour out 流出，喷出

--- Blood streamed down his nose.

--- They streamed out of the movie theater.

2. n. a natural flow of water, usu. smaller than a river, a long and almost

continuous series of events, people, objects, etc. 小溪，一股、一连串

---cross a stream

---a stream of people going into the house

---他没有反社会舆论潮流的勇气

He doesn?t have the courage to go against the stream of public opinion.

*30. (L68) contempt: n.

1) feeling that sb/sth is completely worthless and cannot be respected (followed by

for)轻视；蔑视

--- I feel nothing but contempt for people who treat children so cruelly.

2) disregard (of rules, danger, etc.) (followed by of/for) 藐视，不顾（规则，危险）

--- She rushed forward in complete contempt of danger.

31. (L78) persistent: adj. continuing; occurring again and again 持续的，持久的，

坚持的

---(D) The persistent growth of the EU countries has been remarkable.

---Neither high prices nor high wages could explain persistent depression and mass unemployment.

32. (L78) mingle: v. mix (followed by with) 混杂，混合

Pattern:

mingle with

be mingled with

--- Laughter mingled with the music, and appreciative comments.

--- Her excitement was mingled with a slight feeling of fear.

---空气中的香味和汗臭味混杂在一起。

The smell of perfume and perspiration mingled in the air.

Part Five (P22~ 33) As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf that wouldn’t give in to the weather, here will to live returned.

33. (L85~86) But, Lo! after the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leat.

1) What does “endure” mean?

It means “continue”

2) What is the function of “ that had endured through the night”?

It is an attributive clause used to modify “the beating rain and fierce wind”. 3) What is the subject of the whole sentence?

The subject is “one ivy leaf”. The main sentence is in inversion due to the fronting (前置)of “There”.

34. (L86) stand out: be easily seen above or among others 突出，显眼，超过

---The trip to Africa stood out in my memory.

---(D) These writers stood out above the rest.

Collocation:

stand by 支持

stand for 代表

stand on 坚持

stand well with 与……相处得好

35. (L91) wear away:

1) (of time ) pass gradually 流逝

--- The day wore away, and we still couldn?t find a solution to the problem.

--- The fullness of spring has not yet worn quite away.

2) (cause to ) become thin or damaged by constant use 磨损，磨坏

---The pattern on the handle had completely worn away.

---滴水正不断磨损着石头。

The dripping of the water is wearing away the stone.

Collocations:

wear down 磨损

wear off 磨损掉

wear out 穿破

*36. (L91) twilight:

1) n. faint light after sunset or before sunrise 曙光；暮色

--- I couldn?t see their faces clearly in the twilight.

2) the twilight of sth: period of deceasing importance or strength; decline 衰落

时期；没落

37. (L92) cling to: hold tight to 紧紧抓住，贴在……，粘在……

--- The frightened child clung to her mother.

--- She wore a silk dress that clung to her figure.

38. (L100) sin: n. offence against God, religion or good morals 罪孽，罪恶

--- In Christian theology, the first sin was committed by Adam.

--- The man confessed his sins to the priest.

CF: sin, crime& evil

这几个词都可用作名词，都有“犯罪，罪恶”之意。

Sin意为罪恶，尤指违背宗教和道德原则的罪行。例如：

--- Hester did not confess her sins to the priest.

海斯特没有向神父认罪忏悔。

---Lying, stealing, dishonesty, and cruelty are sins.

说谎、偷窃、不诚实和残酷都是罪恶。

Crime多指刑事上的犯罪，也可指缺德。例如：

--- The police prevent and detect crime.

警察的职责是防范和侦察犯罪活动。

---It?s a crime that he bullies his children that way.

象他那样威吓自己的孩子这是缺德。

Evil意为邪恶、不善。例如：

--- do evil 做坏事

---return good for evil

以德报怨

Part Six (P34~37) The doctor told Sue that Johnsy would recover, but Behrman

caught pneumonia himself and his case was hopeless.

39. (L108) Even chances

1) What does “even” here mean?

It means “(of amounts, distances, values) equal”.

2) Paraphrase the sentences.

She has equal chances for survival and death.

40. (L112) acute: adj.

1) (of diseases) coming quickly to the critical stage 紧急的

--- She was taken to the hospital suffering from acute appendicitis (阑尾炎)

---(D) His disease is not acute but chronic.

2) severe严重的

--- Food shortages in some African countries are becoming acute.

---他在这份报道上对记者的怀疑特别厉害。

His distrust of reporters was particularly acute on this story.

3) (of the mind or the senses) able to notice small differences, esp. of meaning or

sound; working very well; sharp 灵敏的，敏捷的

---an acute thinker

---Dogs have an acute sense of smell.

CF: acute, critical& crucial

这三个词都是形容词，都有“严重的，紧急的”之意。

Acute通常指情况恶化而处在了危机或紧急状态之中。例如：

---There was an acute lack of food.

食物严重缺乏

---The problem is at its most acute in major cities.

这个问题在大城市里尤为尖锐。

Critical 意为严重的、关键的、危机的，与crucial一样都可指转折关头，但该词比crucial表现出更大的严重性，经常暗示某种情况略有变化就会导致深远的影响。例如：

---I didn?t realize the unemployment problem was all that critical.

我没有意识到这里的失业问题竟如此严重。

---Another minute?s lack of oxygen could be critical.

再缺一分钟氧气就危险了。

Crucial意为至关重要的、决定性的、紧要关头的，指紧急情况或危机的转折关头，强调为了取得满意的结果，某事绝对有必要发生。例如：

--- Speed is crucial to our success.

速度是我们成功的关键。

--- They are carrying out the crucial part of the experiment.

他们在进行试验的决定性部分。

Part Seven (P38~39) Sue told Johnsy that Behrman had performed a kind deed

without any thought of self.

41. (L127) flutter:

1) v. (cause to) move about in a quick, irregular way

--- The bird fluttered its wings wildly but it could not get off the ground.

--- The butterfly fluttered into the room.

---他激动得心怦怦跳。

His heart fluttered with excitement.

2) n. fluttering movement

--- There was a flutter of wings among the trees.

--- Her new book on violence cause a flutter.

Ⅴ. After Reading

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7214508702.html,eful Expressions

1)各处here and there

2)一成的可能性one chance in ten

3)画板drawing board

4)吹着轻快的口哨whistle a merry tune

5)倒着数count backward

6)几乎以耳语般的声音in almost a whisper

7)听说hear of

8)病好，康复get well

9)十有八九ten to one

10) 厌烦be tired of

11) 撇开一切turn loose one?s hold on everything

12) 看上去很像look the part

13) 无节制地喝…drink ……to excess

14) 至于其他for the rest

15) 大肆嘲笑mock terribly at

16) 凝视着peer at/stare at

17) 倒置的水壶an upturned kettle

18) 显眼,突出stand out

19) (时间)流逝wear away

20) 紧紧抱住cling to

21) 脱离危险be out of danger

22) 湿透be wet through

2.Word Formation

What do you call the people who perform or create these arts?

sculpture sculptor/sculptress

dance dancer

poetry poet/poetess

drama/acting dramatist/actor/actress

painting painter/artist

music musician

fashion design fashion designer

movie making movie maker/director

short stories (short story) writer/author

novels novelist

photography photographer

cartoons/animation cartoonist/animator

3.Debate

Many years ago, a college student lost his life to save an old farmer’s life, which aroused a heated discussion among people. Some thought that it was not worthwhile for a college student who might contribute a lot t the society in the future to risk death for and old life, while some other people held the apposite view. What is your opinion? Make a debate about whether it was worthwhile for Old Hehrman to risk death to save Johnsy’s life?

4.Dictation

Listen to a short passage about Princess Diana and her charity work and fill in the blanks.

The metamorphosis(转变)came the day in April 1978 when Diana opened Britain?s first purpose-built ward(病房)for AIDS suffers,at London?s Middlesex Hospital. Many were shocked at he fact that she didn?t wear any protective clothing.

At that time the average Briton(英国人)knew very little about AIDS. Some believed it could be caught and passed on by touch, kissing, or even hugging someone who was infected.The revelation(被揭露的事)that a royal,like Princess Diana, the mother of two young sons, had taken such and enormous risk with a deadly disease shocked many people.

5.Writing Practice—The General-to-Specific Pattern

Introduction

The general-to-specific pattern is probably one of the common patterns in college writing. It may be sued in any of these familiar places:

*Introduction to a paper

*Background in a research paper

*Opening paragraphs for a discussion or an analysis

As the name suggests, this pattern is characterized by a movement in your thinking from a generalization to specific details. Your opening paragraph would begin with a general statement and then add details that explain it. The details may continue to become increasingly more specific.

An Example

Example of a General-to-Specific Pattern

Writing is a complex sociocognitive process involving the construction of recorded message on paper or on some other material, and more recently, on a computer screen. The first skill area involves acquiring a writing system, which may be alphabetic (as in European languages) or nonalphabetic (as in many Asian languages). The second skill area requires selecting sentences and then arranging them in paragraphs. Third, writing involves thinking about the purpose of the text to be composed and about its possible effects on the intended readership.

This paragraph could have introduced a longer paper in which the writer discusses

the kinds of training needed to learn to write, analyzes the results of a study about learning to write, or even introduces a topical literature review about teaching writing.

You can see that the general-to-specific pattern is one you will use frequently because of its versatility as well as its obvious ability to quickly and effectively introduce your readers to your ideas.

Homework

Write a paragraph about your impressions of the story “The Last Leaf”, using the general-to-specific pattern.

Model

The Spirit of Kindness

The most touching thing about the story “The Last Leaf”is the way in which it captures the very best in humanity, the spirit of kindness. This it does through what seems at first sight an unlucky hero. The old artist appears to be a no-nonsense character, one without any time for sentimentality and softness. Yet we soon see his kindly nature peeping through his rough manner. Only at eh end of the story, however, do we discover how kind and considerate he was, the old man risking death to save the girl.

6.Talk about the Picture (omitted)

7. Proverbs and Quotations

1)Charity begins at home, but should not end there.

仁爱始于家庭,但不止于家庭.

2)Charity covers a multitude of sins.

仁爱可遮掩许多罪恶. / 一善遮百丑.

3)Three helping one another bear the burden of six.

三人互相帮助,可担六人重负.

4)One hand washes another.

有来有往,互相帮助.

5)Love has no meaning if it isn?t shared. Love has to be put into action.

--Mother Teresa, Roman Catholic nun

爱若不与人分享则毫无意义.爱必须付诸行动.

--罗马天主教修女特里萨嬷嬷

*8. Text Analysis

As discussed in Text Organization Exercise 2, “the last leaf” threads throughout the story to make the latter a coherent piece. In fact, if we look closely enough, we can find some other “threads”.

For example, the doctor visited three times. It was from him that we learn how sick Johnsy was, how she had a 50-50 chance, and how she was sure to recover. His three visits sum up three stages of Johnsy?s illness. Moreover, he is very convenient

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time. 4. gave the comma nd the soldiers ope ned fire. _____ 5. buying bikes we 'keep turning them out. 3. 1. reputati on, rigid, to in spire 2. and tedious, What 'more, out of date ideas 3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back □. 1. composed 2. severe 3. agony 4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. comma nd 7. was violating 8. anticipate m. 1. at 2. for 3. of 4. with 5. as

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