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On the social function of English Euphemism

English Abstract

Euphemism is that people in the social communication process, in order to achieve the desired communicative effects to create an effective verbal expression. The use of euphemism is a ubiquitous phenomenon, it is widely used in all sectors of society, as well as various fields, it is not only the needs of people in social, but also the coordination of verbal communication in interpersonal and social relationships important means. It has a social function enables people to more freely express their thoughts, so that the conduct of the exchange of relaxed and happy. This article start with the definitions of euphemism that euphemism is to adapt to the social communication needs arise, and then apply a large number of examples, combined with the specific context of English-depth analysis of English Euphemism five social functions, namely: taboo taboo function, courtesy of function, cover function, positive function, praise functions. Through analysis, we have further understood the euphemism, especially the English euphemism, which beautify the expression of mildly subtle language, so that people's social life more harmonious. Keywords: English; Euphemism; social; function; context

Abstract

Euphemism is an effective language expression that is created when people are intent to realize the expecting results in the social communication. It is widely used in all walks of life. The utility of euphemism not only meets the need of people in communication, but also plays an important role in coordinating human relationship with social relationship in the procedure of language communication. The functions of euphemism make people express idea more easily and make communication go more smoothly. This paper begins with the definition of euphemism, and points out that it has come in need of the life of social communication, and then uses substantial English language examples to analyze the five functions of English euphemism including functions of taboo, politeness, concealing, positive and praising. From the observation, it is understood that euphemism, especially English euphemism , can bring people to the successful process of social communication, and can beautify languages, which will ease people tense relationship with the indirect and concealing expressions.

Keywords:: English; Euphemism; social communication; function; context

1 Introduction

What is an art, it is the need for communication in everyday life, people often find in some cases the use of certain words or sentences will make the other unpleasant or embarrassing, thus affecting the other exchanges. So for those who do not or should not be too easy to say so straightforward, more intrusive and abrupt, we often use indirect means to express that the use of euphemisms, Li Xin-hua in the 'English Rhetoric detailed theory' will be defined as a euphemism 'is replaced with the more moderate rude words or unpleasant word, using words instead of the prevailing taboo words'. [1] (P19) can be seen that euphemisms is that people need for communication is a language communication to coordinate people's social relations as well as an important means of

interpersonal relationships. 'In a sense, it is the social lubricant. '[2] (P1), therefore a euphemism to beautify the language, so that expression of a more mellowed, more subtle, making communication easy and pleasant to conduct, so euphemism in this case will be generated and developed.

The use of euphemism long history, its traditional also particularly strong, the English language Euphemism is a euphemism that is derived from the Greek Euphemismos, the prefix 'eu' is a 'good (good)''sounding well (sounds good) 'meaning, while the root' phemo 'for' speech (words) 'meaning, the entire direct translation is' good speech' good speech or good expression meaning, which is used to replace a more direct, take the liberty of , abrupt words, or words to cover up the fact that with the goodwill of the truth dictionary scientist Rosen (H * Rawason) in his compilation of the dictionary that euphemism euphemism for 'language fig leaf' (linguistic jig leaves) and some also the euphemism said to be gilded Words (gold-plated word), cosmetic words (fancy word) are no doubt on the meaning and role of euphemism was the exact description of the image. This paper will apply a large number of examples, combined with the specific context in-depth analysis of English Euphemisms five social functions, namely: taboo taboo feature, courtesy function, cover function, positive function, praise functions.

Second, the social function of Euphemism

(A), taboo taboo function

'T aboo (taboo) is that people in most cases can not say or do not want to say. '[3] (P88) language taboos in general there is also a real-life phenomenon is shared by peoples of the world cultural phenomenon that is reflected in all aspects of social life. Taboo words can not say, but words can not say it means, can not fail to express, so people on the use of euphemisms instead of taboo words. Euphemism has a majority of taboo words. Euphemism linguistic context, language is a social phenomenon, the social role of euphemism is manifested mainly replaced by taboo language, 'linguistic taboo is a common phenomenon in the form of using euphemism to express ideas, customs, etc. will only deepen the taboo words language, manners, promotion of communication success. This shows that people are able to do what people in the form of euphemism taboo taboo language of communication capabilities to meet the people's right to avoid some kind of psychological fear, coordination of interpersonal relations, so as to achieve a communicative purpose. '[4] (P116-117)

Therefore, the euphemism has been accompanied by the Development of human society, enduring. As long as some of the things human beings have a contraindication, the use of euphemisms will go a long way to replace those who can not speak or do not want to say words. Taboo taboo in English euphemism can be roughly summarized in two aspects: 1, with regard to birth, death, aging and disease euphemism

Sickness and death is an irresistible law of nature, but also the eternal topic of Euphemism.

'Students: mainly refers to looks ugly, tall, fat, thin, physiological defects. '[5] (P61) as the saying goes,' beauty of the heart, in everyone's' girls hope that I'm slim and graceful, the boys hope that their handsome. But the reality is sometimes very cruel, it simply will not

be distracted by your will, when some of the harsh realities can not be avoided, people will use a more tactful, modest way to reach. For example, people are talking about people who looks mediocre, and even really compare Chou Shi, usually do not directly use the ugly (ugly, ugly) This means that highly derogatory term, but put it mildly into the ordinary (common), or pain (looks normal, flat) so that the speech of the people will not look is so harsh in the. As another example, fat (fat) has been turned into stout (strong), heavyset (stout), plumy (plump); and scrawny said, people do not skinny (skinny or skinny), but said the slender or willowy (figure slender) or the svelte (slim and graceful);, referring to the physiology, flawed human beings, people hanged crippled (lame), blind (blind), deaf (deaf) and all call them the handicapped (disabled), thereby to avoid harm to others, self-esteem.

Aging: As the years went on, everyone into old age. In countries with different cultures, people of the old expression is also different. In China, the elderly are respected and care for the young has always been a virtue of the Chinese people, the old is a seasoned, Experience the deep, mature, meaning, so although the Chinese Culture has indicated that 'old' is a euphemism, but China's elderly because people do not directly call them 'elderly' or 'old' and angry, but that the increase in their surnames after a 'old' word is respectful to them, while in Western countries, unlike the Chinese culture, 'respect' customs. In the highly competitive Western society, they are conscious of the old (old) is useless meaning lost the ability to compete with others, was eliminated by the community. For this reason, Westerners old taboo words. If you say the West is the old man or the old women is an affront or contempt of others, is a manifestation of a very impolite. So in English, produced a number of the 'old' euphemism, for example, people do not say an old person but rather that senior citizens (senior citizens), or well-preserved man (well-preserved), the other the nursing home known as the young town (Young City), or nursing homes (nursing homes), home for adult (adult's home); old age is called the golden years (Golden Age), third age (third age) and so on.

Diseases: people are yearning for healthy, infected with disease is the pieces of a very unfortunate thing, directly in communication Do not tell other people sick, or derived from the name of a certain disease, which is the world's nations to popular psychology, so in English Village a variety of diseases have their own euphemisms, such as: People often use the big C (uppercase C), long illness (a disease of long-term) instead of cancer (cancer); stroke, said to be accident; sexually transmitted diseases, while them altogether is called social disease.

Death: 'death is the common fate of all mankind, for the dead and living persons, the death is cruel. '[6] (P58) death is that people fear and taboo subject, so there should not be lightly Communication die (die) the word is often used to express a more vague concept, so that the death of a little color is more pale. Since ancient times, the national languages euphemism for death is very rich. The following are several commonly used in communication:

a) pay one's debt to nature is also the debt of nature

b) go west Guixi

c) sleep the final sleep sleep in the last one feel

d) be called to God to God, go there to report

e) go to heaven go to heaven

f) breathe one's last breath the last time

g) pass away Farewell

h) sleep with one's fathers and father sleeping together

i) join the angles to join the angle

j) join one's majority to join the majority of people

k) be with God and God together

l) go to glory to glory

m) climb the golden staircase rising golden stairs

n) kick the bucket kick the bucket, kick the bucket

Also in connection with the death of some of the things that have been beautified, such as the coffin coffin is called box, grave-yard (cemetery) has been called the sleeping place or a memory garden (cemetery); funeral funeral, known as the memorial service (memorial service) .

2, with regard to human organs and human physiological behavior of euphemism

Either the East or the West, people's own organs and their physiological behavior, hold the attitude of taboo, especially sexual organs and sexual terms, it is generally not discussed in public, up just a very close relationship between family members or friends to talk about nothing. There is also a number of their biological behavior is often avoided, as mentioned by Zeng Yiping 'Some things that had naturally, for various reasons, people are ashamed. However, both the objective reality can not but resort to language, so communication will give birth to so many wonderful words in the statement of Hui Shi. '[7] (P105)

The various organs in the body, the West's most taboo first-name basis, including buttocks and genitals, 'as early as the eighteenth century, the Anglo-American countries, it is very taboo to use the ladies arse (buttocks) of the term. Not only do they think it is called the arse buttocks injury Taya, and repeatedly using the arse homophonous ass (donkey) is also a disgrace, and persuaded them to the animal is called donkey donkey. Suave ladies as a last resort, the first euphemistically called the buttocks buttocks, and then called the hips (hip), and thus vague call rear end (back end). '[8] (P72-73) in which we can see that people attach great importance to Anglo-American language use, they use words every time euphemism, each time implicitly, thus avoiding the embarrassment of no address him buttocks, but also to avoid the the bottom and people will not address him think too much is not a noble thing. As the genitals are directly related with sex, it is easy for people to aspire to the impossible, so it is very natural that the genitals will not be known as the penis, and call it male organ (male organ), and even in general terms it is called the thing (the thing ). Other organs, such as: using inwards or insides (organs) instead of intestines (bowels); with the stomach (stomach), abdomen (stomach), midriff (diaphragm), breadbasket (bread basket) instead of belly (belly) and so on.

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(B), courtesy of function

Politeness is a sign of human civilization. Politeness principle of human social activities, an important principle, in the communication process, people always pay attention to polite to try to avoid conflict. Euphemism of the 'gentle sex' feature to make it polite

function, roughly summarized in three aspects:

1, on the low status occupations euphemism

Social life in the profession is a sensitive topic. According to Chinese people's idea of equal status regardless of profession, we often say '三百六十行,行行出状元'. However, in heavy manual or service industries, people still do not like people to directly call their professional name, and choose another name of a better listening instead of the Anglo-American countries also have the same idea, for example:

a) waiter, waitress (waiter) has been called the dinning-room attendants (Restaurant Manager), then the position of waiter was elevated to the administrator of the

b) maid (maid) is referred to as domestic (Home Economics Assistant)

c) garbage collector (cleaners) are known as sanitary engineer (sanitation engineer), refuse the status of the workers was promoted to engineer, at first glance really have thought it was really what engineers do!

d) secretary (Secretary) has been replaced by administrative assistant (administrative assistant)

e) even the hairdresser (barber) has also become a beautician or a cosmetologist (beautician) of the

f) prostitute (prostitutes) are faint, called street girl (the street girl), or member of the oldest profession (in the old Industry personnel)

g) salesman (salesperson) became the manufacturer's representative (Manufacturer Representative)

h) cook (cook) is known as the chef (chef)

i) ditcher (trench workers) sounding name of excavation technician (mining technical staff)

j) bus boy (restaurant and do odd jobs working young man) should be called a sanitarian (hygienist)

k) dishwasher (washing dishes people) called the utensil maintenance man (tableware custodian)

l) housewife (housewives) is a very common name for the Chinese people, but in the West commonly known as domestic engineer (house engineer)

So in 'in such situations the use of euphemism, not only to safeguard the reader, talk to those who self-esteem, boost confidence, while the coordination of human relationships to achieve a balanced state of mind, ease the contradiction of the positive results. '[9] (P32-33)

2, with regard to poverty and unemployment euphemism

Poverty and unemployment are also a sensitive topic in daily life. In communication, everyone wants to get their respect, so talking about poverty or associated with a variety of situations, it is directly the other side as if poor (poor), clearly angered the other side, causing the other's unhappiness and embarrassment, it is also about a lot of poor euphemism, for example, in Chinese, for the penniless pauper, people often use 'hand tight' or 'temporary cash flow problems' or 'somewhat difficult economy' to express the . English is no exception, for example, made bogey penniless (penniless), but said that out of pocket (pockets of air to air); bogey statement poor (poverty) and say that needy (poor); underprivileged people (poor people), or to be down on one's luck (bad luck) to express

the poor people.

Unemployment is a widespread phenomenon in the community, but also that people would not directly say, so communication using welfare workers (who depend on welfare benefits) to replace the unemployed workers (unemployed workers); with the lay off (off) to replace dismiss (dismissal) .

3, on the expression of indecent matter euphemism

In order to avoid the vulgar, in English, when referring to toilet often go to washroom (go to the bathroom), go to WC (go to the bathroom), answer nature's call (to respond to the call of nature). When talking with someone half-way to the toilet, said 'I have to go to the toilet' This is a very impolite, inappropriate. If the ambiguity of the language used to express much better. For example: 'May I please leave the room?' (I can leave me?) Or the 'I'm going to do my business. (I'm going to do something) '.

(C), to cover up function

'The use of vague terms is a euphemism for the formation of one of the means to expand the use of vague language of the extension of certain words to make it appear more ambiguous. '[10] (P92) at this time euphemism considerable deceptive, so to become politicians, profiteers deceptive tool used to cover Political scandals, war, Economic conditions, crime, and so ugly social phenomenon. English euphemism to cover up function can be broadly grouped into two aspects:

1, is used to cover up some social problems euphemism

In English is also often used to cover some of the more serious social problems such as poverty, crime, etc., for example: debt (in debt) has been called the money was ahead of its time (cash advance), or in difficulty (in difficulties) ; an unemployed mother (unemployed mother) is called welfare mother (the mother receiving welfare payments); labor tension, the workers on strike (striking) is only industrial action (industrial action), or industrial disputes (industrial dispute) Bale. Depression (economic recession) period was known as the period of economic adjustment (adjustment period). High crime rate in today's society, also appeared in many related euphemism, especially in highly euphemism care of juvenile offenders, such as juvenile delinquents has been underplayed as problem children. Can not easily say that they are in prison, or their parents will be unhappy, so that they are in the adjustment center (adjusted Education Center), more ridiculous is that they enjoy the government's expense (government spending). In terms of international relations is more cautious, if the other side as poor and backward country (poor and backward country) I am afraid that the relationship between the two sides deadlocked on the reason. Even the underdeveloped country (LDC) the relationship between the two sides may not be the reverse, but with the developing country and emerging country (in emerging countries), etc. will give the impression of a decent and enjoyable.

2, used a euphemism to cover up political scandals

Some politicians, diplomats or government to their own behavior in order to find a reasonable excuse, often deliberately vague language or even the use of deceptive language to absolve itself so that it can advance or retreat, invincible. For example: in 1980, deterioration of relations between the United States and Iran, the Iranian seizure of U.S. embassy staff in Iraq, the U.S. dispatched a helicopter rescue, the helicopter was shot

down Iran, causing heavy casualties, it should be said that this was a very successful operation, but the United States President Jimmy Carter had just called 'an incomplete success (a not entirely successful operation)'. [11] (P96) by using fuzzy concept to say that the success of failure is entirely the responsibility of failure to reduce its own way of saying its aim was to let the public full confidence in the government. Americans in the Vietnam War, the killing of Vietnamese civilians, the enemy is called consumption (wasting the enemy), the Americans and Vietnamese civilians in the Vietnamese Communist Party guerrillas confused. 'Is obvious that civilian casualties (civilians, wounded busy) but is called collateral damage (collateral damage)'. [12] (P92) USA's 'Watergate' in order to cover the sensitive political issues through the language of 'euphemism', but also toned down or even obscure them. For example, caper incident (criminal case) has been used to refer specifically tap phones (telephone tapping); fabricate (false) is called be less than truthful (not true); flatly refuse to cooperate (absolute refusal to cooperate) were stone wall ( cool, if Shek Pik) replaced by the metaphor. Politicians with ulterior motives to use the door euphemism euphemisms this from another angle, in the communication strategies play an integral role.

(D), t he positive function

'Euphemism meaning because there is a certain degree of ambiguity (vagueness), in communication is often used to disguise the speaker would not directly say something'.

[13] (P66), therefore, in order to take into account the social dignity of others, for some negative people and things not directly answered, but the use of a more circuitous in answering the vague term would not be weakened, thereby reducing the friction to maintain good interpersonal relationships, play an active role. Euphemism of this positive feature is very important, especially prominent in the education sector, teachers evaluate the students used positive language to replace the negative term. For example, in English class, when a student has answered questions raised by the teacher, if the tenant is not properly answered, the teacher will not be immediately given a negative response. But that of a 'not bad', so the one hand, to encourage students to continue their efforts, on the other will enhance the confidence of the students to strive for the next step forward. Another example is the relatively poor academic performance of students talking about (below the average student) said, He / She is working at his / her own level (he, she according to their level of learning) here used a vague expression of confirmed student learning initiative. Make people feel there is hope that the student, it is a active learner. Even before the parents can not directly say that you stupid kids at home (stupid), or slow (slow) can be underachiever (not potential) or He / She can do better with the help (the help of other people can learn more better) to replace, in this case not only the use of euphemisms to avoid harm to self-esteem of students and their parents embarrassment, but also allows parents to find practical and realistic assessment of both student teachers but also actively encouraged the students. Euphemism of the positive functions play a role not only in education in other ways, too, the limited space, this will not repeat. (5), praise function

Bin mention the praise the role of euphemism, that is' neutral or compliment with the words or sentences instead of color containing derogatory words or sentences. '[14] (P66) should try to tactfully sounding rhetoric, seeking to avoid vulgar Ya, can lead to a better

association. Euphemism praise function is primarily embodied in each other's flattering (uplift) to meet people's psychological needs. Euphemism is a good example. Those relatively low-status occupations through the landscaping, analogy, overstating the way the l level, so that it is really pleasant to hear, of envy. For example, hairdresser (hairdresser) became a beautician (beautician); rat-catcher (RATCATCHER) became exterminating engineer or a pest control operator (pesticides and engineers); pressman (printers) become a press operator (journalism persons). With the realtor (real estate broker) to replace the derogatory real estate agent (real estate broker). Euphemism in this respect has been mentioned in front of the limited space, this is not going to list. All in all, the word Compliments to make these low social status, identity humble people feel the due respect to the coordination of social relationships.

3, Conclusion

These are the English euphemism a brief overview of social functioning. In short, euphemisms prevalent in human society as a linguistic phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon. It is the interpersonal use of language to coordinate an important means of communication in human society in the shoulder 'lubricant' role. It's social features make people more comfortable to express our thoughts so as to achieve communication goals. With the continuous development and progress of society, the social function of euphemism will become increasingly prominent. However, needs to be emphasized that we need to use a communication according to the language objects, topics, and environmental factors, in specific environments suitable euphemism. Along with other people's way of thinking, social values and morals are constantly changing, people's use of euphemisms, function and expression would change as well. Therefore, we must continually learn and master the euphemism, so that the social in order to fully play its function in order to appropriately use the social euphemism.

References

[1] Li Xin Hua. English Rhetoric on the subject of [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000. P. 19.

[2] Ya-jun. Practical English Euphemism Dictionary [Z]. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, 2005. Preface, p. 1.

[3] Guo-Qiang. Euphemism trial of multi-dimensional concept [J]. Tonghua Teachers College, in May 2003, p. 24, No. 3: p. 88.

[4] Peng, North-ping. Euphemism test [J]. Qinghai Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2002, No. 2: The first 116-117 pages.

[5] Wang Ping. The Communicative Functions of English Euphemism and its tectonic approach Exploration [J]. Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University Journal, May 2004, No. 4: p. 61.

[6] Lu Cui-hong. Death euphemism Panorama [J]. Daxian Teachers College, November 2004, Volume 14, No. 6: p. 58.

[7] Zeng Yiping. Rhetoric is issued with the social pragmatic theory [M]. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, October 2005, p. 105.

[8] Zhou Shuqing. Taboo and Euphemism [J]. Foshan University, February 1996, 14 No. 1: pages 72-73.

[9] Yu Yao Jin. Euphemism of English language communication in the community the role of [J]. Fujian Provincial Foreign Language Literature and Seminar on the 2003 Annual Meeting Paper. No. 32-33.

[10] LIU Xiao-ping. Cross-cultural Communication barriers [J]. Bijie Teachers College, in March 2004, No. 1: p. 92.

[11] Zhang Yan. Cross-cultural Communication Euphemism [J]. Fujian Province Public Security College, 2005, No. 1: p. 96.

[12] BAI Yan-Feng. Euphemism of [J]. Liaoning Vocational College of Business Journal (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2004, No. 3: 92.

[13] Bin. The communicative functions of English Euphemisms [J]. Chizhou Teachers College, 2003 4, 17 No. 2: p. 66.

[14] the same [13]

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地理小论文

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鱼会说话吗? 您相信鱼会说话吗?这是一个耐人寻味的事,我想知道鱼是否会说话? 我家买了两条小金鱼,一条是全黑的,黑的叫乐乐,因为它很快乐。一条红白相间的名字叫欣欣,因为它懂得欣赏,很好玩吧!他俩生活在鱼缸里,这个鱼缸可“非比寻常”。里面有山、花、树、贝壳、彩色石头……。很美吧!让我们一起来观察它! 9月23日凌晨五点左右,我正要去喂食,我看见这么一个现象,我把鱼食撒到鱼缸里,乐乐吃了一点就不吃了。 9月23 日傍晚5 点15分,我看见鱼缸里的贝壳反过来了,小欣欣看见了,好像以为它——这个小贝壳要死了,连忙游过去,用它的头去抵,抵了近三、四分钟,它就不抵了,它游到乐乐旁边,用自己的尾巴扫了扫乐乐,然后互相碰了一下头,乐乐和欣欣一起游过去,把那块贝壳一起弄回原样了,这一点证明了“团结力量大”。 通过两次的观察,让我知道了人类有人类的表达方式和交流语言,动物也有自己王国的表达方式和交流,这也告诉了我们,如果你不团结,那么你将一无所有,朋友之间的友谊真伟大。同时,我们也要多观察,多发现,但是不能因为你在动物身上作试验,就伤害小动物,因为动物是人类的朋友。

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论文标准格式大全

论文标准格式大全一: 1、题目。应能概括整个论文最重要的内容,言简意赅,引人注目,一般不宜超过20个字。 论文摘要和关键词。 2、论文摘要应阐述学位论文的主要观点。说明本论文的目的、研究方法、成果和结论。尽可能保留原论文的基本信息,突出论文的创造性成果和新见解。而不应是各章节标题的简单罗列。摘要以500字左右为宜。 关键词是能反映论文主旨最关键的词句,一般3-5个。 3、目录。既是论文的提纲,也是论文组成部分的小标题,应标注相应页码。 4、引言(或序言)。内容应包括本研究领域的国内外现状,本论文所要解决的问题及这项研究工作在经济建设、科技进步和社会发展等方面的理论意义与实用价值。 5、正文。是毕业论文的主体。

6、结论。论文结论要求明确、精炼、完整,应阐明自己的创造性成果或新见解,以及在本领域的意义。 7、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。(参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。 参考文献是图书时,书写格式为: [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。) 8、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导,以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 二:本科毕业论文格式要求: 1、装订顺序:目录--内容提要--正文--参考文献--写作过程情况表--指导教师评议表 参考文献应另起一页。 纸张型号:A4纸。A4 210×297毫米 论文份数:一式三份。 其他(调查报告、学习心得):一律要求打印。

关于地理小论文六篇_3300字

关于地理小论文六篇_3300字 关于地理小论文六篇【一】 如何才能学好呢下面我就谈几点粗浅的体会。首先,应当结合课本中的地图以及有关地图的介绍进行记忆。记好地图,是学好地理的重要途径,可以根据地图进行形象记忆。以中国地理为例:心中有地图,我们就可以记住自西到东分别是新疆、西藏、青海、四川黑龙江。要让脑中有个立体图像,便于记忆。 其次,可以借助大的河流来进行记忆。大江大河的流域都很广,记住它们流经的地方,就可以记住相应的地名。例如,南美的亚马逊河,横穿了南美洲北部的广大地域,而它的两边就是宽广无边的亚马逊平原。这样,我们就可以记住亚马逊平原在南美洲南部。 再次,就是把气候普遍相同的地区归为一类,记其中最有代表性的一个。例如,在高纬度地区的英国、挪威、丹麦、冰岛等地区,气候基本一致干冷、少雨、温度低。我们可以把丹麦或冰岛作为代表来记纬度较高的国家的气候特点。 最后,也是最重要的一点,那就是要下苦功。想学好任何知识,不下苦功是不行的,地理也是一样。 以上,只是我在学习地理过程中的粗浅的心得体会,难免有不当之处,敬请各位老师和同学多多指教!

关于地理小论文六篇【二】 一天下课后,我有一个问题弄不明白,便找到了她.她二话不说,扶了扶那镶边的眼镜,十分认真地说:那你可要认真地听了.说着又亲切地为我讲解起来.时不时还问问我懂了没有.如果我回答懂了,她就会微笑着点点头;如果我说不太明白,她就会重新为我讲解,直到我懂了为止.后来还弄得她上课时迟到了,还真有点对不起她了,可她却说这只是做老师的职责而以.我很佩服她,佩服她的知识渊博. 有时我真怀疑她是不星一个机器人,或是一本电子词典. 她有时不看书乜能准确说出今天要学的知识的页码,还能把 知识变成压缩饼干给我们吃.嗯,我们翻到51页,今天我们来 学世界的气候.说完,就在黑板上写下几个气派的大字世界的 气候,接着就让我们看图.之后她便滔滔不绝地为我们讲解了 起来.她从湖南讲到中国,又从中国讲到世界,语言简单却饱含着哲理.Look,她越讲越听着不像了,有时还讲到初二的《物理》上去了.真令晚生佩服! 关于地理小论文六篇【三】 你就是再大的学问家,也别想知道澳大利亚东北部那个岛的别名,只有我们高二(3)班的人知道它叫小王八岛,因为我们有个如此之神的地理老头儿宋老师,他会告诉我们这样形象的名字。宋老师是我们文科班老师中最迷人的一位男士。虽然他的西装总是露出长长的毛衣袖子,他一笑脸上便隆起

档案管理论文

辽宁科技学院(管理学院) 课程信息资源管理 任课教师冷静 作业题目如何做好档案管理工作年级专业档案BG122 姓名张晶 学号6111112229

如何做好档案管理工作 在此档案管理论文中,阐述了档案质量管理的重要性,档案管理工作人员的重要性,我们应该如何做好对每一份档案的保管工作。档案质量是档案的生命线,档案质量的好坏直接影响其效用。 档案为经济建设服务,这是勿庸置疑的。但是为经济建设服务本身的内涵是十分丰富的,它包括很多方面。我们不能一提到为经济建设服务,就狭隘地与获得多少经济效益划等号。因为保存档案的目的不是为了谋求利益,获得利润,而是为了造福于人类,为人类社会的生存和持续发展创造某种基本的条件,所以它的效益最终大多表现为社会效益。在此档案管理论文中,阐述了档案质量管理的重要性,档案管理工作人员的重要性,我们应该如何做好对每一份档案的保管工作。档案质量是档案的生命线,档案质量的好坏直接影响其效用。我们每个从事档案管理工作的人员必须树立档案全面质量管理的思想,使档案质量不断提高。一、绪论 (一)目的及意义 1、目的 本文研究如何做好档案管理工作的目的是立足于我国现代企业管理的现状,吸收和借鉴优秀的档案管理工作研究成果,不断适应档案管理工作的新形势,指导我国的档案管理工作,达到逐步培养档案管理工作人员的历史责任感感和使命感,进而激发广大档案管理工作人员工作热情的目的。本文采用例证分析的方法,对档案管理工作的意义、策略等方面进行了深入细致的研究。 2、意义 企业档案是指企业在各项生产、经营活动中形成的对国家、社会和本企业具有保存价值的各种文字、图表、声像等不同形式的历史记录。做好档案管理工作,不断地更新档案管理观念,勇敢探索和尝试新的档案管理手段,以全面、真实地反映企业整体发展状况和经营成果。档案管理成果同企业经营管理的有机结合决定了该企业资源配置的取向和模式,对于实现该企业经营战略,不断提高管理效率具有深远的影响。因此,做好档案管理工作对于不断提升企业在市场经济中竞争力具有重要意义。 (二)研究现状 1、国内现状 2、国外现状 一、档案管理论文中阐述了档案全面质量管理的含义和特点 所谓档案全面质量管理就是单位领导档案工作全体人员参加的,以科学方法为手段,充分发挥科学管理和专业技术的作用,建立一套贯穿于档案形成全过程的质量保障体系从而保证高质量的档案。其核心是强调提高档案工作水平,以保证档案的高质量。档案管理论文阐述了档案质量管理的几个特点: 1、全体人员参加。档案全面质量管理要求档案形成过程中的所有人员,如各处(室)所的领导、文件起草人员、定稿人员、档案员等等人员的密切配合,严格按照有关标准和要求共同完成公文处理和文件的归档及档案管理工作。树立“档案质量,人人有责”的观念。只有这样,才能保证档案的完整性、统一性,也才能保证电子文档的及时传输和电子文档的及时归档。 2、全过程控制。从公文的起草、审核、印制、传递、执行到档案的收集、整理、归档、编研、开发利用的整个过程都实行质量管理。

怎么写小论文精编版

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论文评语大全

指导老师评语 1、全文结构基本合理科学,逻辑思路清晰,观点表达准确,语言流畅,论证方法较合理,参考的文献资料符合主题要求,从主题到容符合专业要求,部分与本分之间衔接的比较紧密,但个别引文没有标著出来,真正属于自己创新的容还不是很多,个别概念比较模糊,总体上达到毕业论文要求。 2、研究容具有现实性和可操作性。选题社会热点问题,逻辑结构严谨。观点表达清楚,论述全面。语言平实简洁,通俗易懂。在论证过程中也能较好地将专业知识原理与现实问题结合起来。但论据还不够。总体上符合毕业论文要求。 3、选题较具时代性和现实性。全文结构安排合理。观点表达基本准确。全文容紧扣行政管理专业要求来写,充分体现出行政管理专业特色。查阅的相关资料较多。但不足之处主要是属于自己创新的东西还不多。总体上符合毕业论文要求。 4、研究-------为题,充分的体现时代特色性。能为中国行政管理问题的解决提供参考价值。全文结构合理,思路清晰,观点明显。在论证过程中能教好的将论证与案例论证结合起来。不足之处是部分论点的论据还缺乏说服力。 5、以-------为题进行研究。能为解决--------的问题提供参考和借鉴作用。在全文结构中,首先要调整基本概念提出问题,然后在对问题进行深入的分析,最后为------提出有效的建议。全文体现专业特色要求,部分与本分之间衔接的比较紧密,真正属于自己创新的容还不是很多。总体上达到毕业论文要求。 6、选题符合行政管理专业培养目标目标,能较好地综合运用社会理论和专业知识。论文写作态度认真负责。论文容教充分,参考的相关资料比较充分,层次结构较合理。主要观点突出,逻辑观点清晰,语言表达流畅。但论证的深度还不够。 7、本文选题符合行政管理专业要求,又充分反映出社会现实的需要性。全文结构安排合理,思路清晰,观点正确,能很好的将行政管理专业知识与要分析论证的问题有机地结合起来。该文在写作的过程中查阅的资料不仅充分而且与主题结合紧密。但格式欠规,案例论证不够。 8、本文立意新颖。全文以-------为线索,结合各地的准规较全面的分析了------的问题和原因。并针对存在的问题提出解决问题的对策。容论证也教科学合理。全文充分体现行政管理专业特色,格式规。但创新点不够。 9、本文符合专业要求,反映社会热点问题。因此,该主题的研究有利于推进我国-------的进一步发展。全文首先-------的问题,然后分析--------的原因。在此基础上又分析出相关的------。全文结构恰当,思路清晰,观点基本正确。 10、论文思路清晰,语句通顺。能很好的调查--------存在的问题。作者对于论文容有一定的 . .

地理小论文

推进生态文明从自身做起 生态文明是人类社会文明的一种形式,是社会物质文明、精神文明和政治文明在人与自然和社会关系上的具体体现。生态文明以人与自然关系和谐为主旨,在生产生活过程中注重维系自然生态系统的和谐,追求自然-生态-经济-社会系统的关系协同进化,以最终实现人类社会可持续发展为目的。 人与自然的关系是人类文明与自然演化的相互作用:一方面,人类通过获取能源、资源、空间、排放废弃物、享受自然生态的服务来影响自然;另一方面,自然由于能源、资源、空间供给有限、生态环境恶化等,限制了人类的发展。人与自然关系的历史演变是一个从和谐到打破和谐,再到实现新的和谐的螺旋式上升过程。 随着社会生产力的不断发展,人类开发和利用自然的能力不断提高,人与自然的关系不断遇到新的挑战;不断追求人与自然的和谐,实现人类社会全面协调可持续发展,是人类共同的价值取向和最终归宿。 建设生态文明不仅是政府、专家的事,积极树立低碳生活理念也是每一个公民的责任。“低碳经济”不仅意味着制造业要加快淘汰高能耗、高污染的落后生产能力,推进节能减排的科技创新,而且意味着引导公众反思哪些习以为常的消费模式和生活方式是浪费能源、增排污染的不良嗜好,从而充分发掘服务业和消费生活领域节能减排的巨大潜力。低碳生活,是一种自然而然去节约身边各种资源的习惯。我们应该积极提倡并去实践,注意节电、节油、节气、垃圾回收以及

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小论文评分标准

小论文评分标准Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

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