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The Tell-Tale Heart

Analysis on the Hero’s Abnormal Psychology in The tell-tale

heart

从异常的心理角度分析爱伦坡的《泄密的心》

Abstract:

The Tell-Tale Heart is one of the horror stories of Edgar Allan Poe’s, who was a master of the horror tale in American. The hero in this story is always afraid of the eyes of an old man. He is extreme anxiety under the eyes, for avoiding this anxiety, he kills the old man. This paper is to analyze the hero’s abnormal psychology.

Key words: the hero abnormal psychology The Tell-Tale Heart

1. The intention of murdering the old man

At the beginning of this story, the hero speaks with a unique voice: “TRUE! —nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?” Next, he continue speaking something to prove that he is not mad, but in fact, all he said further prove that he is mad. What is more, he speaks again, with his own words; tell the reader the process of his crime and his psychology. Then the reason he kills the old man hears so incredible: “I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.” The hero kills the old man just for getting rid of the fear the old man’s eye causes. The incredible reason is an obvious performance of abnormal psychology and distortion personality.

The personality psychology believed that a person's personality is composed of three levels: This I, self, and superego. The lowest level is this I, which represents a person's all unconsciousness, instinct and impulsion begin with one’s birth, like appetite, sexual desire and so on. The middle level is self, which is something belongs to consciousness. It is between this Land the external environment, plays a role to adjust and adapt, and restricts the activity of this I to a certain extent. The highest level is superego, which represents the society's ethics morality request. When this I, self and superego are balanced, the person’s inner world can be at normally, harmonious condition. If they are unbalanced, it definitely will create the abnormal psychology and the personality distortion. Anxiety is one of the external manifestations. In The Tell-Tale Heart,

the reason the hero murder the old man seems to be simple: “Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! He had the eye of a bird—pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so very gradually, I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.” When we read it carefully, we will find that the eye of the old man is a metaphor expression in fact. In English language, the “I” and the “eye” have the same pronunciation. So, we can regard the “eye”as “I”. Thus, the hero murder the old man not for his eye, but for “I”, the hero himself. On the one hand, the self is impulsed by this I, and want to kill the old man; on the other hand, the self is restrained by the social moralities and laws because killing the old man is not morality. At the contradiction of the desire release and the morality restraining, the hero begin to speak to himself.

2 The death of the old man

According to Freud, everyone has two instincts, one is about being, and the other is about death (not being). Life stems from the inanimate object by an inconceivable way, at the same time, with the being; there is an instinct to destroy the life, to make it return to the inorganic condition. Depending on what has been discussed above, the destruction and the mistreatment have become two ways to divulge the death instinct. To the self, the impulsion of destruction displays as the suicide and oppressive; while, once the individual find a drain port to divulge the impulsion of destruction, it will be displayed as suffering other people on the flare. From the fist paragraph of the story, through the hero’s muttering, it is evident to the reader that the anxiety and the self ambush in the hero’s main consciousness all the time. What is more, human being is only an energy machine which urged by the unconscious desire and the instinct. The hero is under the pressure from the old man’s eye. He wants to destroy the fear by killing the old man, but he can not do that, because he is constrained by the super go which represents the morality. To do or not to do? Between the contradictions, under the unceasing impact, this I of the hero finally break through the fetter from the super go. “He shrieked once---once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him.” The instinct of death, either destroys him self, or destroy the others. For releasing himself, the hero has to destroy the eye of the old man. “Yes, he was stone, stone dead, I placed my hand upon the heart and hail it there many minutes. There was

no beating, he was stone dead. His eye would trouble me no more.” Then the hero kills the old man cruelly and hides his corpse under the floor. The instinct of destruction ends with the death, so, the character’s inevitable result is the end of life and mind.

3. The truth of confess

As a matter of fact, the author tells readers that the hero is a person suffering from specific phobia at the beginning. Thus, his horror and the murder he did seem to be reasonable.

In other’s eyes, “I” am crazy in this story. As a matter of fact, “I” only feel that “I” am more sensitive than others and that my cognition is different from others’to great extent. Thus, the difference between us makes “me” lonely, at least in my mind and soul. “I” Can’t throw myself into the crowd, community and even the society. Moreover, “I” am so frightened to make friends and communicate with others. “I” also fear to be seen through by others, especially the old man’s eye, which seems to be able to penetrate me. All these make “me” feel fear and live a worried life. As a result, “I” become a person who has heavy phobias. Fear makes me lose my calm so that I murder the old man. But, why “I” confess that I murder the old man through the policemen can not find any clues.

At the end, there was such description: “It grew louder- loud-er-louder! And still the man chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! -no, no! They heard! –they were making fun of my horror! –this I thought, and this I think. But anything was better than this suffering! Anything was more tolerable than this mockery! I could bear those smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! and now –again ! –listen! Louder! Louder! Louder! Louder!”

Here, we could see that “I” come to illusion again from this description above. “I” seem to be able to hear the voice which can’t be heard by others. These strange voices not come from the reality, but from the bottom of “my” heart. “I” can hear them because “I” am feeling sacred now. “I” can’t control “myself” any more. The fear is so difficult to”me” to get rid of that “I” tell the truth at last. “I” tell the policemen that “I” murder the old man and the place “I” hide the corpse.

Except the analysis we have mentioned above, we also can get clues from personality psychology. Back to the three levels of personality, for releasing this I, “I” break all fetters and murder the old man, but, the self and the super go still existent in my mind, in my consciousness,

especially the super go. It is morality, ethics and conscience. After killing the old man, I live a life under the constraining and pressure from super go, from morality, ethics and conscience. The Super go monitors me and threatens me. Now, the super go takes an important role to stipulate the regular behavior style. Once the individual behaviors not according to the regular style, the super go will appear to punish and blame the this I severely. The rule of the super go stipulates that the human cannot massacre mutually. So, I can hear the hear beating, because the heart beating is from the signal of the super go, from the terror hides in the depth of one’s spirit. It urges me to behavior regularly, behavior in the scope of morality. Therefore, I have to confess my murder. Also, it is a recovery symbol of conscience, a symbol of being far away from the human evil. 4. Conclusion

In The Tell-Tale heart, Poe dose not attach his importance to talk about morality, ethic and conscience, but to personality, and the dark side of mind. So there are still many people who think that Poe’s work lacks the depth of both morality and philosophy in his works. However, the others think Poe’s work is meaningful. That he put the mental patient as the hero in his work is not blind and without goal. It is also not for entertainment the popular. Whatever the age is, the ideal work is inevitably the miniature of real life.

As a result, everyone, more or less has illness in spirit. In Poe’s works, he shows the same theme: the illusion of the fine; the loss of human heart, fear and loneliness. He uses his own and special way to give caution to the readers. One wants to grow up healthy, the request is higher to his psychological operation mechanism and coordinated ability. He should coordinates the relationship among the this I, the self and the super go; he should make his decision and judgment according to the outside reality, his decision and judgment should be uniform with the principle and common sense. So, one can be healthy and will not be confused with himself. Bibliography

[1] James N.Butcher, Susan Mineka, Jill M.Hooley. Abnormal Psychology [M]. 北京：北京大学

出版社,2004.

[2] Lavren.B.Alloy, John H.Riskind, Margaret J.Manos. Abnormal Psychology [M]. 上海：上海

社会科学院出版社, 2002.

[3] 沈国清. 爱伦坡的恐怖小说中怪诞的创作根源[J]. 湖北第二师范学院学报, 2008 (04).

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曹操《短歌行》其二翻译及赏析引导语：曹操(155—220)，字孟德，小名阿瞒，《短歌行二首》是曹操以乐府古题创作的两首诗，第一首诗表达了作者求贤若渴的心态，第二首诗主要是曹操向内外臣僚及天下表明心迹。短歌行其二曹操周西伯昌，怀此圣德。三分天下，而有其二。修奉贡献，臣节不隆。崇侯谗之，是以拘系。后见赦原，赐之斧钺，得使征伐。为仲尼所称，达及德行，犹奉事殷，论叙其美。齐桓之功，为霸之首。九合诸侯，一匡天下。一匡天下，不以兵车。正而不谲，其德传称。孔子所叹，并称夷吾，民受其恩。赐与庙胙，命无下拜。小白不敢尔，天威在颜咫尺。晋文亦霸，躬奉天王。受赐圭瓒，钜鬯彤弓，卢弓矢千，虎贲三百人。威服诸侯，师之所尊。八方闻之，名亚齐桓。翻译姬昌受封为西伯，具有神智和美德。殷朝土地为三份，他有其中两分。整治贡品来进奉，不失臣子的职责。只因为崇侯进谗言，而受冤拘禁。后因为送礼而赦免，受赐斧钺征伐的权利。他被孔丘称赞，品德高尚地位显。始终臣服殷朝帝王，美名后世流传遍。齐桓公拥周建立功业，存亡继绝为霸首。

聚合诸侯捍卫中原，匡正天下功业千秋。号令诸侯以匡周室，主要靠的不是武力。行为磊落不欺诈，美德流传于身后。孔子赞美齐桓公，也称赞管仲。百姓深受恩惠，天子赐肉与桓公，命其无拜来接受。桓公称小白不敢，天子威严就在咫尺前。晋文公继承来称霸，亲身尊奉周天王。周天子赏赐丰厚，仪式隆重。接受玉器和美酒，弓矢武士三百名。晋文公声望镇诸侯，从其风者受尊重。威名八方全传遍，名声仅次于齐桓公。佯称周王巡狩，招其天子到河阳，因此大众议论纷纷。赏析《短歌行》 (“周西伯昌”)主要是曹操向内外臣僚及天下表明心迹，当他翦灭群凶之际，功高震主之时，正所谓“君子终日乾乾，夕惕若厉”者，但东吴孙权却瞅准时机竟上表大说天命而称臣，意在促曹操代汉而使其失去“挟天子以令诸侯”之号召，故曹操机敏地认识到“ 是儿欲据吾著炉上郁!”故曹操运筹谋略而赋此《短歌行 ·周西伯昌》。西伯姬昌在纣朝三分天下有其二的大好形势下，犹能奉事殷纣，故孔子盛称 “周之德，其可谓至德也已矣。 ”但纣王亲信崇侯虎仍不免在纣王前还要谗毁文王，并拘系于羑里。曹操举此史实，意在表明自己正在克心效法先圣西伯姬昌，并肯定他的所作所为，谨慎惕惧，向来无愧于献帝之所赏。并大谈西伯姬昌、齐桓公、晋文公皆曾受命“专使征伐”。而当今天下时势与当年的西伯、齐桓、晋文之际颇相类似，天子如命他“专使征伐”以讨不臣，乃英明之举。但他亦效西伯之德，重齐桓之功，戒晋文之诈。然故作谦恭之辞耳，又谁知岂无更讨封赏之意乎 ?不然建安十八年(公元 213 年)五月献帝下诏曰《册魏公九锡文》，其文曰“朕闻先王并建明德，胙之以土，分之以民，崇其宠章，备其礼物，所以藩卫王室、左右厥世也。其在周成，管、蔡不静，惩难念功，乃使邵康公赐齐太公履，东至于海，西至于河，南至于穆陵，北至于无棣，五侯九伯，实得征之。世祚太师，以表东海。爰及襄王，亦有楚人不供王职，又命晋文登为侯伯，锡以二辂、虎贲、斧钺、禾巨鬯、弓矢，大启南阳，世作盟主。故周室之不坏，系二国是赖。”又“今以冀州之河东、河内、魏郡、赵国、中山、常山，巨鹿、安平、甘陵、平原凡十郡，封君为魏公。锡君玄土，苴以白茅，爰契尔龟。”又“加君九锡，其敬听朕命。” 观汉献帝下诏《册魏公九锡文》全篇，尽叙其功，以为其功高于伊、周，而其奖却低于齐、晋，故赐爵赐土，又加九锡，奖励空前。但曹操被奖愈高，心内愈忧。故曹操在曾早在五十六岁写的《让县自明本志令》中谓“或者人见孤强盛，又性不信天命之事，恐私心相评，言有不逊之志，妄相忖度，每用耿耿。

名人名言赏析

1、锲而不舍，金石可镂。 2、立志、工作、，是人类活动的三大要素。——巴斯德 3、有很多人是用青春的幸福作成功代价的。——莫扎特 4、我们手里的金钱是保持自由的一种工具。——卢梭 5、世上有很多好东西，是“带不走”的。 6、建筑在别人痛苦上的幸福不是真正的幸福。——阿·巴巴耶娃 7、一切幸福都并非没有烦恼，而一切逆境也绝非没有希望。——培根 8、灵感不过是“顽强的劳动而获得的奖赏”。——列宾 9、除了无法达成心愿之外，就数心愿达成了最伤感。 10、成功不是将来才有的，而是从决定去做的那一刻起，持续累积而成。 11、无论何时，不管怎样，我也绝不允许自己有一点点心丧气。——爱迪生 12、古往今来，凡成就事业，对人类有所作为的，无不是脚踏实地，艰苦登攀的结果。——钱三强 13、生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！——郭小川 14、失败是块磨刀石。 15、每一种或不利的突变，是带着同样或较大的有利的种子。——爱默生 16、我死国生，我死犹荣，身虽死精神长生，成功成仁，实现大同。——赵博生 17、一个人的价值，应该看他贡献什么，而不应当看他取得什么。——爱因斯坦 18、平凡的脚步也可以走完伟大的行程。 19、伟人之所以伟大，是因为他与别人共处逆境时，别人失去了信心，他却下决心实现自己的目标。 20、智慧源于勤奋，伟大出自平凡。——民谚 21、冬天已经到来，春天还会远吗？——雪莱

22、百败而其志不折。 23、如烟往事俱忘却，心底无私天地宽。——陶铸 24、沉沉的黑夜都是白天的前奏。——郭小川 25、世上最精明的糊涂便是“忘记”。 26、你明白，人的一生，既不是人们想象的那么好，也不是那么坏。——莫泊桑 27、爱，如呼吸。深爱，就是深呼吸。 28、莫找借口失败，只找理由成功。（不为失败找理由，要为成功找方法） 29、要做的事情总找得出时间和机会；不愿意做的事情也总能找得出借口。 30、壮志与毅力是事业的双翼--歌德大自然既然在人间造成不同程度的强弱，也常用破釜沉舟的斗争，使弱者不亚于强者。——孟德斯鸠 31、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬 32、天才就是这样，终身劳动，便成天才。——门捷列夫 33、天才就是无止境刻苦勤奋的能力。——卡莱尔 34、我以为挫折、磨难是锻炼意志、增强能力的好机会。——邹韬奋 35、首先是最崇高的思想，其次才是金钱；光有金钱而没有最崇高的思想的社会是会崩溃的。——陀思妥耶夫斯基 36、耐心之树，结黄金之果。 37、如果我们想要更多的玫瑰花，就必须种植更多的玫瑰树。 38、忍耐和是痛苦的，但它会逐给你好处。 39、骆驼走得慢，但终能走到目的地。 40、勤能补拙是良训，一分辛劳一分才。——华罗庚 41、严肃的人的幸福，并不在于风流、娱乐与欢笑这种种轻佻的伴侣，而在于坚忍与刚毅。——西塞罗 42、伟大的作品，不是靠力量而是靠坚持才完成的。

关于介绍自己家庭的英语作文5篇

关于介绍自己家庭的英语作文5篇每个人都有自己最温暖的家，那么你想知道介绍家庭的英语作文要怎么写吗?下面是小编整理的介绍自己家庭的英语作文范文，以供大家参考学习。介绍家庭的英语作文一 In the east of China, there is a small city---Haimen. I was born there. Today, I am telling you about my hometown. Haimen is not far from Shanghai. It’s at the mouth of the Changjiang River. Haimen is a modern city. There are lots of high buildings in it. Most of us live in flats. We like to live in flats because we can be close to our friends. In the center of Haimen, there are many shops. You can buy some nice things here. Things in most shops aren’t expensive. You can pay a little money and they are yours. My hometown is a beautiful city. On each of the roads, there are some big trees and nice flowers. The roads are also very clean. They make people happy and comfortable. The seasons here are very nice. From I like autumn best. It’s neither hot nor cold. A poem says “Flyer of summer come to my window to sing, then fly away. And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, just fall there with a sign.” It’s very cool.I love Haimen. It’s a nice place to live. Welcome to my hometown. 介绍家庭的英语作文二 My hometown, which is in the south of × Province, is a very beautiful village. It lies on the east bank of a small river, surrounded by green mountains, In the past my hometown was poor, and people led a hard life. They couldnt afford to send their children to school. But ,great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years. Many families .have not only color TV sets, but also telephones, fridges, computers, and so on. New roads, houses, schools, hospitals have been built. People in my hometown are working hard for a better life. 我的家乡在××南部，是一个非常漂亮的村庄，它位于一条小河的东岸，为绿色的大山所环抱。过去，我的家乡很穷，人们过着艰难的生活，孩子读不起书。但是在刚刚过去的二十年里，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化口许多家庭不仅有了彩色电视机，而且电话、冰箱、电脑等应有尽有。新修了公路，新建了房屋、学校和医院。家乡人民正在为过上更好的生活而辛勤工作。介绍家庭的英语作文三

我要各种名人名言加名人名言的解析快急求

我要各种名人名言加名人名言的解析快急求 1、天才是百分之一的灵感加百分之九十九的汗水。 ——爱迪生 2、一个人几乎可以在任何他怀有无限热忱的事情上成功。 ——查尔斯·史考伯 3、深窥自己的心，而后发觉一切的奇迹在你自己。 ——培根 4、坚强的信念能赢得强者的心，并使他们变得更坚强。 ——白哲特 5、流水在碰到底处时才会释放活力。 ——歌德

6、那脑袋里的智慧，就像打火石里的火花一样，不去打它是不肯出来的。 ——莎士比亚 7、多数人都拥有自己不了解的能力和机会，都有可能做到未曾梦想的事情。 ——戴尔·卡耐基 8、勿问成功的秘诀为何，且尽全力做你应该做的事吧。 ——美华纳 9、苦难有如乌云，远望去但见墨黑一片，然而身临其下时不过是灰色而已。 ——里希特 10、幸运并非没有恐惧和烦恼；厄运也决非没有安慰和希望。 ——培根

11、不幸可能成为通向幸福的桥梁。 ——日本谚语 12、苦难磨炼一些人，也毁灭另一些人。 ——富勒 13、烈火试真金，逆境试强者。 ——塞内加 14、人生犹如一本书，愚蠢者草草翻过，聪明人细细阅读。为何如此 . 因为他们只能读它一次。 ——保罗 15、过去属于死神，未来属于你自己。 ——雪莱

16、不要慨叹生活的痛苦！慨叹是弱者。 ——高尔基 17、不应当急于求成，应当去熟悉自己的研究对象，锲而不舍，时间会成全一切。凡事开始最难，然而更难的是何以善终。 ——莎士比亚 18、如烟往事俱忘却，心底无私天地宽。 ——陶铸 19、生活真象这杯浓酒，不经三番五次的提炼呵，就不会这样可口！——郭小川 20、人生的价值，即以其人对于当代所做的工作为尺度。 ——徐玮