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专8模拟试题三

专8模拟试题三
专8模拟试题三

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)

-GRADE EIGHT-

PAPER ONE

TIME LIMIT: 95 MIN.

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [略]

PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION [15 MIN.]

The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it inthe following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "/\" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

Scientific and learned English is not merely international

in using international words. English is frequently used

nationally for these purposes, as was pointed out in the (1)

previous chapter. A scholar in Denmark or Poland or even

a vast country as Russia will today often write or at any (2)

rate publish in English, because his work will thereby

reach for a wider public. This does not mean that such a (3)

scholar has a native-like knowledge of English. In fact,

the preface will usually acknowledge the help of someone

who has corrected and checked the English or even does a (4)

good deal of translation. The scholar himself may be very

poorly equipped to speak English or even to write it, esp.

on any subject than his own field of interest. (5)

This is that is today called having a 'restricted' or (6)

'specialized' knowledge of English, and we have come to

recognize increasingly this limited degree of linguistic ability .

Few people have the time that is required to master a 'full'

knowledge of a foreign language and few still would be (7)

to make the much practical use of such a language. Indeed, (8)

as has already been implied, even as native speakers we

vary greatly in the amount and variety of fields of discourse (9)

in where we feel at home. (10)

PART III READING COMPREHENSION [40 MIN.]

In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.

TEXT A

An Ancient Arms Race Shows No Sign of Letting Up

The arms race that has darkened our century with fear and peril may finally be slowing. Weapons have been with us a long time. From personal combat at the very beginning of history to the impersonality of modern warfare, there has been a dynamic escalation in the complexity and specialization of attack and defense. From hand weapons and shields to ballistic missiles and Star Wars, offensive and defensive armaments have co-evolved.

While arms races have been with us for millennia, nothing compares to the wasteful absorption of human talents and the costs in lives, talents, resources, and energy of the past 50 years of war, pseudowar and escalation in deterrence by mutually assured destruction. This has been the killing century…

But as we reflect on the linked interdependence of attack and defense in our century, we need to remember that life on Earth has been involved in a biological arms race for hundreds of millions of years. Compared with that ancient process, the military arms race is but a blink in the eye of history. For a very brief period before the killing started billions of years ago, there was "innocence." At life's beginning the very first prot-organisms, formed in the "primordial soup," obtained their energy from inorganic sources. … Once living things existed, however, some became food sources for others. Life came to eat life, and attack and defense originated on Earth.

11. According to the passage, human competition to develop the best weapons ____.

A. began in the 20th century.

B. escalated in the 20th century.

C. is a modern phenomenon.

D. is genetically predetermined.

12. When the author reflects on the "linked interdependence of attack and defense," he suggests that ____.

A. their origin preceded life.

B. their development is precipitated by one another.

C. their existence is dependent on human aggression.

D. their escalation cannot be halted.

13. In this passage the author apparently intends to ____.

A. write a fictionalized account of evolution.

B. be scientifically precise.

C. raise philosophical issues.

D. convince readers that war is inevitable.

TEXT B

The costs associated with natural disasters are increasing rapidly. As a result, officials in government and industry have focused more attention on disasters and their effects. The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy has estimated that disasters cost the country about 1 billion per week. Hurricane Andrew, the Midwest flood of 1993, and the Hanshin earthquake have shown that individual disasters can cost tens if not hundreds of billions of dollars. This increasing cost has resulted in greater funding from government and industry for the development of technologies related to disaster prediction, and has led to more research into the effective use of predictive information.

The insurance industry has long been aware of the dangers of natural disasters; the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, California, bankrupted scores of insurance companies. But the industry has focused particular attention on disaster prediction in recent years, as spiraling costs revealed that many companies had underestimated their financial exposure. For instance, prior to Hurricane Andrew in 1992, many insurance experts thought that the worst hurricane possible would do no more than '8 billion in damages to the industry. The damages caused by Hurricane Andrew, estimated at about '17 billion, shattered these beliefs. Today, estimates of worst-case disaster scenarios approach '100 billion.

The insurance industry has therefore increased its support for research into disaster prediction. One such effort involves a number of companies that have joined together to support the Bermuda-based Risk Prediction Initiative, which funds disaster research. The expectation is that the resulting information will place the industry on a more solid foundation to make decisions about the risk of future disasters. The industry has also lobbied for the government to bear some of the financial burden of disaster insurance. Such a program already exists for flood insurance, set up in the late 1960s by the federal government to insure flood-prone areas. These types of programs, effectively implemented, could be increasingly necessary in the future to make insurance available in areas prone to disasters.

Because the stakes are so high, the science of disaster prediction has a bright future. The various projects and programs illustrate that disaster prediction is a topic of concern to scientists and policy makers alike. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes all show that the effective use of disaster predictions not only requires advanced technology but also requires that society consider the entire process of prediction -- forecasts, communication, and use

of information. Because they cannot predict the future with certainty, and because much remains to be learned, scientists warn that society must understand the limits of scientific predictions and be prepared to employ alternatives. Wisely used, however, disaster prediction has the potential to reduce society's vulnerability to natural disasters.

14. The result of the increasing costs in natural disasters is ____.

A. great loss suffered by commercial companies.

B. government's increased attention on disasters.

C. individual awareness to natural disasters.

D. more funds to support the prediction research.

15. The difference between the actual loss caused by Hurricane Andrew and the loss estimated by insurance companies before the hurricane is ____.

A. 1 billion dollars.

B. 8 billion dollars.

C. 9 billion dollars.

D. 17 billion dollars.

16. The purpose of insurance companies to support disaster prediction research is that ____.

A. companies want to make more money from the insured places.

B. companies may thus have a better idea of the future risks.

C. companies can get more sympathies from the government.

D. companies intend to make use of people's trust in the industry.

17. The key factor to reduce society's vulnerability to natural disasters is ____.

A. insurance companies should be wise enough in their estimates of losses.

B. the government should bear some of the financial risks of disaster insurance.

C. the general public should be made fully aware of the possible damages.

D. technology should be improved and three phases of prediction be considered.

TEXT C

Even happy families have secrets that run with no statute of limitations. Twenty years after my mother died, I discovered she had kept a scrapbook. It was delivered to me inside an old chest of

drawers left by my father, who survived her by 18 years. The drawers were stuffed with memories and junk: his legal papers, his beloved mandolin sheet music, his college yearbooks and, in among some old photographs, a battered, yellowing composition notebook -- a scrapbook kept by my mother for a short time in 1934. I was shocked.

My mother was a thrower-outer -- the scourge of packed closets, the emptier of overfilled drawers. I was a bringer-backer. We once clashed over my cherished tennis shoes, which she mistakenly took to the garbage simply because I was stuffing cardboard in the soles to plug the holes. I had to rescue them twice.

Ours was a fundamental clash in human nature, surely as old as the species itself. Some of our hominid ancestors were gatherers who also picked up bright pebbles; others were hunters of clutter who demanded: "Can't we get rid of some of this stuff?" From those who amassed, we have museums, libraries, attics that groan. From the winnowers, we have public sanitation, rarity (if everything were saved, nothing would be rare) and a way to the front door.

18. The passage implies that ____.

A. keeping secrets is rarely done.

B. happy families seldom have secrets.

C. unhappy families usually have secrets.

D. family secrets are short lived.

19. The author's mother ____.

A. deceased in 1934.

B. scoured closets.

C. cherished shoes

D. saved mementos.

20. The author suggests that all of the following are true of human nature EXCEPT: that ____.

A. it is inexplicable.

B. it is consistent over time.

C. it encompasses dichotomies.

D. it is often surprising.

Bergman T urns to Screenwriting in 'Sunday's Children'

Just over 10 years ago, Ingmar Bergman announced that the widely acclaimed Fanny and Alexander would mark his last hurrah as a filmmaker. Although some critics had written him off as earnest but ponderous, others were saddened by the departure of an artist who had explored cinematic moods - from high tragedy to low comedy - during his four-decade career.

What nobody foresaw was that Bergman would find a variety of ways to circumvent his own retirement - directing television movies, staging theater productions, and writing screenplays for other filmmakers to direct. His latest enterprise as a screenwriter, Sunday's Children, completes a trilogy of family-oriented movies that began with Fanny and Alexander and continued with The Best Intentions written by Bergman and directed by Danish filmmaker Bille August.

Besides dealing with members of Bergman's family in bygone times - it begins a few years after The Best Intentions leaves off - the new picture was directed by Daniel Bergman, his youngest son. Although it lacks the urgency and originality of the elder Bergman's greatest achievements, such as The Silence and Persona, it has enough visual and emotional interest to make a worthy addition to his body of work.

Set in rural Sweden during the late 1920s, the story centers on a young boy named Pu, clearly modeled on Ingmar Bergman himself. Pu's father is a country clergyman whose duties include traveling to the capital and ministering to the royal family. While this is an enviable position, it doesn't assuage problems in the pastor's marriage. Pu is young enough to be fairly oblivious to such difficulties, but his awareness grows with the passage of time. So do the subtle tensions that mar Pu's own relationship with his father, whose desire to show affection and compassion is hampered by a certain stiffness in his demeanor and chilliness in his emotions.

The film's most resonant passages take place when Pu learns to see his father with new clarity while accompanying him on a cross-country trip to another parish. In a remarkable change of tone, this portion of the story is punctuated with flash-forwards to a time 40 years in the future, showing the relationship between parent and child to be dramatically reversed: The father is now cared for by the son, and desires a forgiveness for past shortcomings that the younger man resolutely refuses

Brief and abrupt though they are, these scenes make a pungent contrast with the sunny landscapes and comic interludes in the early part of the movie.

Sunday's Children is a film of many levels, and all are skillfully handled by Daniel Bergman in his directional debut. Gentle scenes of domestic contentment are sensitively interwoven with intimations of underlying malaise. While the more nostalgic sequences are photographed with an eye-dazzling beauty that occasionally threatens to become cloying, any such result is foreclosed by the jagged interruptions of the flash-forward sequences - an intrusive device that few filmmakers are agile enough to handle successfully, but that is put to impressive use by the Bergman team.

Henrik Linnros gives a smartly turned performance as young Pu, and Thommy Berggren - who starred in the popular Elvira Madigan years ago - is steadily convincing as his father. Top honors go to the screenplay, though, which carries the crowded canvas of Fanny and Alexander and the emotional ambiguity of The Best Intentions into fresh and sometimes fascinating territory.

21. Over the years critical views of Bergman's work have ____.

A. without exception been positive.

B. deplored his seriousness.

C. often been antithetical.

D. usually focused on his personality.

22. The subject matter of Sunday's Children ____.

A. is presented chronologically.

B. takes place in the 19th century.

C. occurs all in one locale.

D. is derived from reminiscences.

23. From the passage we can infer that Pu's father is portrayed as a ____.

A. demonstrative and caring parent.

B. reserved and reticent man.

C. compassionate and sentimental spouse.

D. spontaneous and dynamic minister.

24. The reviewer thinks that the "flash forward" techniques is ____.

A. seldom handled skillfully.

B. responsible for the film's success.

C. too disruptive for ordinary filmgoers.

D. best left to amateur experimentation.

25. In the reviewer's opinion, Sunday's Children ____.

A. is a cinematic first.

B. has an original and interesting script.

C. is visually and emotionally depressing.

D. surpasses Bergman's previous work.

PART IV GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10 MIN.)

31. Where is Edinburgh?

A. In Wales

B. In Scotland

C. In Northern Ireland

D. In Ireland

32.Which of the following is Not a U.S. news and cable network?

A. ABC

B. CNN

C. CBS

D. BBC

33. Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States?

A. Master’s degree

B. Docter’s degree

c. Bachelor’s degree

D. Associate’s degree

34. John Galsworthy was most famous for ____.

A. Heart of Darkness

B. Ulysses

C. The Forsyte Saga

D. A Passage to India

35. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by _______.

A.Scott Fitzgerald

B.William Faulkner

C.Eu gene O’Neil

D.Ernest Hemingway

36. All of the following four except _______ are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England.

A. Francis Bacon

B. Christopher Marlowe

C. William Shakespeare

D. Ben Jonson

37. Who is not the major figure of modernist movement?

A. Eliot

B. Joyce

C. Charles Dickens

D. Pound

38. What is the most important concept to distinguish pragmatics from semantics?

A. Context.

B. Entailment.

C. Presupposition.

D. Discourse.

39. The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day on which we don’t have to work. This is an example of _____.

A. meanng shift

B. widening of meaning

C. narrowing of meaning

D. loss of meaning

40. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.

B. Productivity.

C. Cultural transmission.

D. Finiteness. 局限性

PART V TRANSLATION(60 MIN)

SECTION A: CHINESE TO ENGLISH (30 MIN.)

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

近代的上海,十里洋场,自开埠以来,固然有许多辛酸的不平等的血泪史,固然有许多污泥浊水,这里被称为是"冒险家的乐园",这里有鸦片,有荡妇,有赌棍,使人纸醉金迷,乃至使人堕落。可是,上海这座近代大城市却更有它的另一面,它有活力、它聪慧、革新、进取,它敢于担风险,有竞争意识及机制,这种城市意识或风格,使人奋发,跟上时代,走向进步。

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

The thirty-second day out of Bombay began inauspiciously. In the morning a see smashed one of the galley doors. We dashed in through lots of steam and found the cook very wet and indignant with the ship: "She's getting worse every day. She's trying to drown me in front of my own stove!" He was very angry. We pacified him, and the carpenter, though washed away twice from there, managed to repair the door. Through that accident our dinner was not ready till late, but it didn't matter in the end because Knowles, who went to fetch it, got knocked down by a sea and the dinner went over the side. The ship's captain, looking more hard and thin-lipped than ever, would not notice that the ship, asked to do too much, appeared to lose heart altogether for the first time since we knew her.

PART VI WRITING [60 MIN.]

Direction: While some people claim that a person's essential qualities are inherited at birth, others hold that the circumstances in which a person grows up are mainly responsible for the type of person he/she later becomes. Write a composition of 300 words on the following topic, expressing your views:

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES: INHERITED OR NOT?

In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

参考答案

1. nationally改为internationally

2. as改为like

3. 删去for

4. does改为done

5. subject后加other

6. that改为what

7. few改为fewer

8. 删去the

9. amount改为number

10. where改为which或删去in

11-15 BBCDC 16-20 BDCDA21-25 CDBAB 26-30

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