高一英语Module 3外研社知识精讲.doc
高一英语Module 3外研社
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Module 3
本讲教学内容及目的：通过旅游介绍风光特色，帮助学生学会关于交通工具和地貌等自然现象的词语，学会用表示过去的用语作回忆、写游记、介绍风光。
单词
helicopter motorbike tram distance
abandoned camel cassette desert
diamond expert midnight product
scenery shoot soil journey
train circus seaside stadium
eagle frighten kindergarten apartment
cartoon interview interviewer event
exhausted downtown vacuum rail
ceremony track souvenir
重点单词
1. The Maglev reached a speed of 501 kilometers per hour.
reach 到达；伸出；延伸；达到（力所能及的范围）
I will get in touch with you as soon as I reach New York.
Your letter reached me this morning.
I can not reach the shelf.
The books on shelves are out of my reach.
2. Which of them can you use to travel a long distance?
译你可以使用它们中的哪一种作长途旅行？
析 distance n. 距离，远距离；疏远，冷淡
（1）distance可用于两地、人之间，时间及其它方面的差异，如：
①贫富之间的差异
the distance between poverty and wealth
②相隔这段时间
at a distance 在遥远处
in the distance 在远处
（see） up to a distance of … as 看到远至
例①The distance from the school to the station is two miles.
由学校到车站的距离是两英里。
②She keeps him at a distance. 她冷淡他。
3. Were you sick?
译你生病了吗？
析 sick 病的（同ill,ill只做表语）恶心的，厌烦的
（1）用做定语意为“有病的”
a sick child 一个生病的孩子
（2）用做表语，“有病，呕吐，恶心”
fall/get/become sick（ill）生病
feel sick 感到恶心
比较
①He is an ill man. （误）
He is a sick man.（正）
②She is ill.
She is sick/ill. 她生病了。
辨析 sick，ill，diseased
ill“生病的”，不做前置定语
sick做前置定语或表语，可指全体病人
diseased“有病的”，多指具体的病变，可修饰动物、植物
①The sick are taken good care of in his hospital.
在他的医院里，病人都得到了很好的照顾。
②He is diseased in body and mind.
他身心都有病。
③These trees are diseased.
这些树患病了。
单项选择
①The should be well taken care of.
A. ill
B. sick
C. diseased
D. illness
②The branches should be cut off.
A. ill
B. sick
C. diseased
D. diseasing
短语
1. travel a long distance 行程很远
2. take off 起飞
3. get on/into 上车
4. get down/out下车
5. on the coast of 在海岸线上
6. come from来自于
7. in the middle of 在……中间8. look like看起来像
9. have a ride on the horse起码10. pass a law通过法律
11. out of date 失效；过期12. play sports for the first time第一次做运动
13. read comic books读连环画册14. all the time一直
15. not at all一点也不
16. It takes sb. time/money…to do sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
17. at a speed of 以……速度
18. attend the opening ceremony参加开幕仪式
19. on the track 在轨道上
20. travel by plane乘飞机旅行
21. not…any more 不再
22. be short for……的简称
重点短语
1. Match the words in the box with the pictures.
match 和……匹配；适合
短语：match…with…把……和……相搭配
Her clothes do not match her age.
We must find carpets that will match the curtains.
She picked out the shoes that match the dress.
2. Match the verbs with the means of transport.
means指具体的“方法、手段、工具”，其单复数形式相同。
by means of 通过……手段
by all means 尽一切办法
by no means 绝不，一点也不要
by this means 通过这种方式
Every means has been tried out without much result.
All means have been tried out without much result.
We will try every means we can find to do it well.
Education is not an end, but a means to an end.
I will catch up with my classmates by all means.
I by no means believed his word.
We express our feeling by means of words.
mean 意思是
mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着
What do you mean by saying that?
He means to succeed.
Fhan is short for Afghanistan.
3. be short for…意思为“是……的缩写”
“PRC”is short for“the People is Republic of China”.
＝The letters“PRC”are short for“the People is Republic of China”.
“Doc”is short for“doctor”.
TV is short for television.
4. They passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem.
allow 允许；许可
常用结构有：
allow doing sth 允许做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
allow sb in/out 允许某人进来（出去）
Do not enter the lab unless you are allowed to.
I allow him to buy a computer if he passes the exam.
Passengers are not allowed to smoke.
I do not allow smoking in the office.
She did not allow the children in until they have wiped their shoes.
5. It is out of date.
out of date 失效、过期
Your passport is out of date.
The temple looks ugly ,because it has been out of date for several years.
The suits which are popular with men will never be out of date.
up to date 现代的，时新的
out of trouble 摆脱困境
out of danger 脱离危险
out of order 出毛病
out of work 失业
out of breath 气喘吁吁
out of sight 在视线外
重点句型
1. I remember the day my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle.
译我记得爸爸试图教我怎样骑自行车的那一天。
析此句中的my father tried to teach me how to ride a bicycle 作定语从句修饰前面的the day.
从意义上讲，这个定语从句前面应该有一个关系副词when，一般不能省略。但在某些情况下，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中，when可以不用。
例 That was the first time I had a serious quarrel with my mother.
那是我和母亲之间的第一次激烈争吵。
2. Would you mind showing me your ticket?
Would you mind if I saw your ticket?
译你不介意给我看看你的票吧？
+one’s d oing
析 would you mind +doing 做……介意吗？
+if+一般过去时
例①Would you mind opening the windows?
请你开窗户，你介意吗？
②Would you mind my opening the windows?
＝Would you mind if I opened the windows?
3. How long did that take?
析 take花费时间，主语多为it，作形式主语或物，也可是人。
①The work took（cost）ten hours.
这工作花了10个小时。
②It takes ten million dollars to build a plane.
造一架飞机需要1千万美元。
cost，spend也有花费时间的意思，但用法与take并不完全相同。
cost 花费时间，金钱，付出……代价，主语须为物，或it为形式主语，如只以人称代词做宾语意为“使……破费”。
spend花费时间或钱，须以人做主语，不接“to do”
①To pay you the money cost me ten years of hard work.
为偿还你钱我付出了十年的艰辛工作。
②He spends a lot of money on books.
他买书花了许多钱。
③She spent three hours （in） watching TV.
她用三个小时看电视。
单项选择
①I two hours to finish my homework.
A. took
B. spent
C. cost
D. paid
②Careless driving him his life.
A. cost
B. took
C. lost
D. killed
③I shall not much of your time.
A. spend
B. take
C. take up
D. cost
④It him a great deal of trouble.
A. cost
B. took
C. spent
D. paid
4. Travelling at a speed over 400 kilometres per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.
译火车以每小时400千米的速度行驶，它能在8分钟内完成30千米的旅程。
析 at the/a speed of 以……的速度
例 The car is running at the / a speed of 100 kph.
这辆车正以每小时100千米的速度行驶。
拓展
with great speed以很快的速度
at full / top speed 全速
put on speed 加速
at a high / low speed 以很高/低的速度
reach a speed of 达到……的速度
a high-speed train高速列车
speed 还可用作动词：speed away/off 疾驰而去
单项选择
①He is driving a speed of 100 km per hour.
A. in
B. with
C. at
D. for
②The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
③The train at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine 0’clock tonight.
A. went
B. is going
C. goes
D. will be going
5. On December 31,2002,Premier Zhu Rongji and the German Chancellor attended the opening ceremony of the train service.
译 2002年12月31日，朱容基总理与德国总理出席了（磁悬浮）列车投入使用的开幕式。
析 attend 出席
例 Did you attend the meeting yesterday?
你昨天出席会议了吗？
拓展
辨析 attend，be present
attend“参加”，“出席”，强调过程。正式用语，只做及物动词用
be present“出席”，“到场”，强调状态。
例①Are you going to attend the lecture?
你去听课吗？
②We were all present at the lecture.
我们都出席了那次讲演。
a. 动词的过去分词做定语的用法
（1）及物动词的过去分词单独做定语表被动意义。
respected leader 尊敬的领导
excited children 兴奋的孩子们
oppressed people 被压迫的人们
steamed bread 馒头
使用动词的过去分词做定语表示被修饰人或物所处的状态，这些动词的过去分词常常没有了被动的意思，而是一个形容词。如：
puzzled look 迷惑的表情
disappointed children 失望的孩子们
tired people 累了的人们
satisfied expression 满意的表情
（2）不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义，只表示动作的完成。如：
fallen leaves 落叶
risen sun 升起的太阳
changed world 改变了的世界
retired teacher 退休的老师
（3）过去分词可构成合成词做定语：如：
widely-used language 广泛应用的语言
school-run factory 校办工厂
man-made satellite 人造卫星
highly-developed industry 高度发展的工业
（4）一般说来，单个的过去分词作定语时放在被修饰词之前，分词短语则放在被修饰词之后。polluted air 被污染的空气
printed papers 印刷的讲义
a letter written in pencil 用铅笔写的信
a book recommended by the teacher 老师推荐的书
（5）过去分词或短语作定语时，意思上接近定语从句。如：
imported machines = machines that have been imported 进口机器
developed countries = countries that have developed 发达国家
b. 一般过去时
（1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，在用以下短语或副词时常用此时态。如：
just now，at that time，last night，a week ago，in the old days，the other day，then，during his middle school years
（2）有些情况尽管没有上述时间状语，但实际上是过去发生的情况，也用一般过去时。如：
①I didn’t know you were so busy.我没想到你这么忙。
②What did you say?你说什么？
（3）评判历史人物时，可用一般现在时，也可用一般过去时，但一般现在时侧重其负
责和成果，一般过去时则侧重于对其本人的介绍。如：
①Charlie Chaplin is a great actor in the history of the cinema.
查理·卓别林在电影史上是个伟大的演员。
②Charlie Chaplin was a great actor and he acted in many films.
查理·卓别林是个伟大的演员，他在许多影片中表演过。
［跟踪精练］
1. What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
2. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
3. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first
played
4. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited
B. exciting
C. excite
D. excitedly
5. From the dates on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked
6. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
7. The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign language came
out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
8. The house will be rebuilt next year.
A. destroyed
B. destroy
C. destroying
D. being destroyed
9. There are many leaves on the ground after the strong wind.
A. falling
B. fallen
C. to be fallen
D. having fallen
10. They have finished the work by their teachers.
A. to give
B. given
C. give
D. having given
［高考热点］
1.（2005年高考重庆卷）-You know. Bob is a little slow understanding, s o …
— So I have to be patient him.
A. in ； with
B. on；with
C. in；to
D. at；for
2.（2004年高考浙江卷）Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company,
as 3 M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
3.（2004年高考湖北试卷）Don’t l eave matches or cigarettes on the table within of little children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
4.（NMET2003春）-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
—Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students in
his grade.
A. after
B. unless
C. until
D. when
5.（NMET2002） I wonder why Jenny us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written
B. doesn’t write C .won’t say D. hadn’t written
跟踪精练答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B
高考热点答案：1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A
【模拟试题】
I. 单词拼写
1. It’s dangerous to ride a m so fast.
2. Kate dreams of one day rearing a ring with a d in it.
3. He often burns the m oil for a better grade.
4. What is the d from Shanghai to Beijing?
5. The a boy lives in the orphanage now.
6. Your （面试） for the job is tomorrow.
7. The grand Canyon is a day’s （旅行）by car from here.
8. The （风景）of the Alps is very beautiful.
9. We should build a new （体育馆） for the Olympic Games.
10. I gave the （纪念品） of my first trip abroad to my friend.
II. 词语活用
refer to, match, take off, get off, allow, frighten, return, spend, take, shoot
1. I’d like to buy a tie to the shirt.
2. Have you made sure when the plane ?
3. I heard that he had from abroad.
4. Don’t the bus before it has stopped.
5. How much do you usually on clothes every year?
6. I my watch for the exact time.
7. What a noise!
8. She was in the leg.
9. It me three hours to get there by train.
10. My parents don’t me to stay outside alone at night.
III. 句型转换
1. A：Reading in English is one of the fastest ways of improving your English.
B：Reading in English is one of the fastest ways your English. 2. A：We ate great meals cooked by experts.
B：We ate great meals cooked by experts.
3. A：Would you mind if I smoked?
B：Do you mind ?
4. A：He had a train ride for the first time when he was about 10 years old.
B：He had on a train when he was about 10 years old.
5. A：The sun shone; there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky.
B：The sun shone, and wind clouds were in the sky.
IV. 阅读理解
Americans spend their holidays in different ways. Some of them like to travel
abroad and get to know something about the foreign countries. For example, they may
go to China and learn about its old traditions and habits. However, this kind of
trip is not always pleasant. First, it is not so convenient and second the service
they receive in the foreign countries is not quite satisfactory.
Some of the Americans enjoy traveling within their own states, usually going
to the seaside towns or cities during summer. They may stay there for one or two
weeks and then come back home. This kind of trip is always cheaper and pleasant.
Another group care for traveling very much. They just get on a plane in the
morning and get off a ship in the evening. They like to go across the country, from
north to south, and west to east.
For the last group, they just want to stay at home and do their housework with
the radio or the television on. They say holiday is the time for rest, not for
traveling.
1. Some Americans like to travel to the other countries because .
A. their own country has nothing interesting
B. the outside world is very advanced
C .they want to know something about the history of some countries
D. they have a lot of money and can not spend them all in their own country
2. There is something that the foreigners are not very satisfied with when they
travel outside. It is .
A. the food
B. the habit
C. the people they meet
D.
the service
3. If an American wants to go abroad for his holiday, he probably goes to to
learn about ancient culture.
A. Egypt
B. Australia
C. Taiwan
D. Canada
4. Some Americans don’t like traveling in their holiday, because .
A. they are lazy
B. they don’t have much money
C. they like to rest at home
D. they like watching TV
V. 短文改错
October 1,1987, was a terrifying day for me.
It was 7：30 in a Thursday morning in Mexico. I was 1.
alone because my parents were out of the town. Suddenly, 2.
the room started to shake. Some dishes fall to the floor. 3.
I did not know how to do, so I got under the table. 4.
A few minutes late, I came out and tried to turn on the 5.
television, and the electricity was off. After that, I tried 6.
the telephone, and it did not work. Shortly after that, some neighbor 7.
came to see I was all right. Finally, at about 9：00 am, 8.
the telephone rang. It was my mother from Mexico city. 9. She was more frightening than I was. 10.
试题答案
I. 单词拼写
1. motorbike
2. diamond
3. midnight
4. distance
5. abandoned
6. interview
7. journey
8. scenery
9. stadium 10. souvenir
II. 词语活用
1. match
2. takes off
3. returned
4. get off
5.spend
6. referred to
7. frightening
8. shot
9. took 10. allow III. 句型转换
1. to improve
2. which were
3. my smoking
4. his first ride
5. neither, nor
IV. 阅读理解 1. C 2. D 3. A 4.C
V. 短文改错
1. 第一个in→on
2. 去掉the
3. fall→fell
4. how→wha
5. late→later
6. and→but
7. and→but
8. see后加if或whether
9. √10. frightening→frightened