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高考语法难点虚拟语气详解

高考语法难点虚拟语气详解
高考语法难点虚拟语气详解

The Subjunctive Mood

I. 概念:

语气是用来表示谈话人的态度和看法的动词形式. 英语有三种语气: ①陈述语气(同陈述句)②祈使语气(同祈使句), ③虚拟语气.

虚拟语气不表示一个事实,而是表示一种假设情况

II. 形式:

虚拟语气的动词形式在条件状语从句中, 其主从句形式有较固定的形式要求(见III.用法1),在名词性从句中多用should +原形, 在定语从句, wish后面所接的宾语从句, 以及其它状语从句中用过去时.

III. 用法:

1.用于条件状语从句中:

从句(if) 主句

例句

与现在事实相反的假设 If + 主语+ 动词过去时(be用were) 主语+ would/ should/could/ might + 动词原形 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

与过去事实相反的假设

If + 主语+ had +过去分词主语+ would/ should/could/ might + have+ 过去分词 If you had taken my advice, yo u’d have passed the exam.

与将来情况相反的假设

①If + 主语+ 动词的过去时

②If + 主语+ were to + 动词原形

③If + 主语+ should + 动词原形

主语+ would/ should/could/might +

动词原形

If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put off the sports meeting.

If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next week.

(1)与现在情况相反的假设

If everyone knew first aid, many lives would be saved.

If I ______(be) you,I would go to the cinema tonight.

If you saw the film,you __________ ( be) very excited.

If they________ (come) ,we could go there together.

If we _______ ( go ) together,we would have a good time.

If I _______ (have ) enough money, I could buy a new house.

(2)与过去情况相反的假设

1) If the hurricane had happened during the day-time, there would have been more deaths.

2) If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.

If you __________ ( come ) earlier, you wouldn’t have been late.

If I had taken money with me yesterday, I __________________

(repair ) my watch.

If I ___________ (repair ) my watch, I would have got up early.

If I_____________ (get up ) early, I wouldn’t have been late.

(3). 与将来情况相反的假设:

If you should come tomorrow, I would go fishing with you.

If you were to come tomorrow, …

If you came tomorrow, …

If it should rain tomorrow, I ___________ ( stay ) at home.

If I were to stay at home, I ____________ ( have ) a good rest.

If I _________________________________ a good rest, I could put my heart into study next week.

(4).省略if的虚拟条件句

在条件句中可省略if,把were,had, should提到句首,变为倒装句式。如:

If I were at school again, I would study harder.

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

注意:若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说:were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.但不能说:weren’t it for the expense, I would go abroad now.

(5). 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如:

If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now.

与过去事实相反与现在事实相反

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.

(6). 含蓄条件句。常用的词有with, without, but for, otherwise, or或分词结构,和独立主格结构。如:

What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help)

But for the rain (=if it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work. Given more attefntion, the flowers could have grown better.

Supposing it should rain, we would still go.

Everything taken into cosideration, they would have raised their output quickly. 2) 用于宾语从句中:

(1)在wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望.

过去时(表现在)

过去完成时(表过去)

Could/would/might+动词原形(表将来)如:

How I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky!

I wish I had not made so many mistakes in the last exam.

How I wish it weren’t raining no w!

(2)在would rather后用过去时:

eg. I’d rather you came tomorrow.

(3)在advise, demand, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest后用should + 动词原形, should可以省略:

eg. He suggested we (should) start off early the next day.

We insisted they not be present at such gathering.

He ordered that all (should) take part in the work.

They requested that we (should) have lunch with them.

但是: 当suggest表示“暗示,表明” insist表示“坚持认为”时,不用虚拟语气:

eg. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

3) 用于表语从句中:

(1) 在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的表语从句中: eg. My advice is that he wait till next week.

Her suggestion is that we should learn all the texts by heart.

The general’s order was that all the soldiers reach the border in ten hours.

(2) 当as if, as though 引导表语从句时:

eg. He looks as if he were an artist.

They appear as though they had been friends for years.

4) 用于同位语从句中:

在advice, demand, order, proposal, request, suggestion 等后面的同位语从句中, 如: Eg. We all agree to his suggestion that we go to the Happy Valley for an outing.

Order came that the soldiers be sent to the border.

Here is the doctor’s advice that you should take the medicine 4 tim es a day.

3. 用于定语从句中:

在It is (high) time that 句型中, 定语从句的谓语动词用过去时, 或should + 动词原形(should不能省略):

eg. It is (high) time that you went to school.

It’s time you did something about it.

It is (high) time that we should start out.

4. 用于其它状语语从句中:

1)当as if, as though, even if, even though 引导状语从句时,从句用动词的过去时. 如: She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.

It was the first time they had met, but they acted as though they had been friends for ages.

Even if he were here, he couldn’t solve the problem.

I wouldn’t go to Iraq to try my luck even though it were easy to make money there.

此类情况也可不用虚拟语气, 如:

eg. It looks as if it is going to rain.

I’ll help you, as though l don’t sleep for a night.

Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there.

I like her even though she can be annoying sometimes.

2) 当in case, lest, for fear that等引导状语从句时, 从句用(should +) 原形动词. 如: eg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.

I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come.

I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain.

在此类情况中, in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气, 如: eg. T ake your umbrella, in case it rains.

5. 用于if only 引导的感叹句中, 如:

eg. If only I were a bird!

If only I had known her telephone number / e-mail address! If only I hadn’t lost it!

If only the letter had arrived in time!

6. May + 动词原形,表示祝愿.如:

May the friendship between our two peoples last forever!

May you succeed!

May the plan work!

虚拟语气语法讲解与习题

虚拟语气 一.语气的分类: 二.虚拟语气的用法: (一)虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法: ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2.特殊用法: ①错综时间虚拟条件句:条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装:可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首,省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句:有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. (but后为真实情况) ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. (otherwise/or前为真实情况) ④特殊的if句虚拟:If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. (二)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法: 1.一些表示坚持,命令,建议,要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟(一坚持,二命令,三建议,四要求) ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”,insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全

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If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:If+主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况

(完整)高中英语语法虚拟语气讲解

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英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

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虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

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虚拟语气语法汇总

虚拟语气语法汇总

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虚拟语气 在英语文法中有三种语气,即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood),其中前两种我们早已熟悉了,这里则不多谈了,如:How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气,而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望,一种与事实相反的情况,或者将不可能实现的,或可能性很小的事实,假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式,即与现在事实相反的假设,与过去事实相反的假设,与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表8-7。 虚拟语气的构成 种类条件句结构主句结构 与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could+动词原形 would/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反的用had+过去分词 Should/could+have+过去分词 would/might+have+过去分词 与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should+动词原形 would+动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表 种 类 功用句型例句 虚拟语气表示主观 愿望 主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式 过去 had+过 去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原 形 would+ 动词原 形 could+动 词原形 might+动 词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he

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