江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三一模英语试卷(含答案解析)

江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三一模英语试卷

2018.01.18

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）

第一节单项填空（共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. They all sat together at table, laughing and ______ stories after many years? separation.

A. circulating

B. swapping

C. spreading

D. plotting

22. The movie Coco wraps two ______ themes --- pursuing dreams, and how we remember loved ones --- in a colorful, culturally specific package.

A. contemporary

B. religious

C. historical

D. universal

23.--- Father always instructs me to do kind acts and bring more joy into the world around us.

--- That?s great. Small ______ can often create huge blessings.

A. gestures

B. impacts

C. schemes

D. concepts

24. It is difficult for one to ______ the manners of another world when he doesn?t know what they are.

A. see to

B. tend to

C. amount to

D. subscribe to

25. --- What about a self-drive trip to Tibet this winter vacation?

--- It sounds ______ marvellous, but I won?t be available at that time.

A. simply

B. equally

C. firmly

D. merely

26. ______, you need to be failing more if you are expected to succeed in the end.

A. Strange as might it seem

B. As it might seem strange

C. As strange it might seem

D. Strange as it might seem

27. --- When do you think I can access Blackberry App World on my computer?

--- Not until you ______ your device password correctly.

A. entered

B. will enter

C. have entered

D. will have entered

28. White snow ______the small village after a big snowfall, tourists found themselves stepping into a fantastic fairyland.

A. blanketing

B. blanketed

C. being blanketed

D. to blanket

29. The best books are treasures of good words and golden thoughts, ______, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. where

30. During my first year abroad, I was so busy studying and meeting new people that I did not phone my parents as often as ______.

A. should

B. would

C. should have

D. would have

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31.---David has been ______since he got the offer in this company.

---He has to. You know, the boss is a fault-finder.

A. facing the music

B. crying for the moon

C. walking on eggshell

D. waking a sleeping dog

32. Men who stay fit can lower their risk of dying from a heart condition by 30% as compared with those who are ______.

A. out of order

B. out of place

C. out of shape

D. out of control

33. Most people have to get to a point where they don?t have a choice ______they will change something.

A. since

B. before

C. while

D. once

34. Our hearth is ______we make of it—give it attention and it improves; give it none and it weakens.

A. what

B. whether

C. how

D. who

35.---Making a computer program is a Herculean task for me. Can you give me a hand?

---Oh, ______. Turn to Jackson, who is an expert in it.

A. it counts for nothing

B. it?s not the case

C. it doesn?t hurt to ask

D. it?s all Greek to me

第二节完形填空（共 20 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳

选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When Katherine and her daughter drove past Katherine?s beloved old home, she would say, “I?d like to have that house back.” On her 90th birthday, that wish came true.

All Katherine wanted for her 90th birthday was to ___36___ her childhood home. Her daughter, Emily wasn?t so ___37___ on the idea. And, as the old saying goes, you can

___38___ really go home again. However, the mom and daughter often drove from their

___39___ town to cruise past Kather ine?s beloved old home.

One day, as Emily visited her local craft store, inspiration ___40___ her: Her mother could have her house back---in replica（复制品）___41___. Emily connected with Ray Meyers, a local retired dentist with a ___42___ for woodworking. Ray took precise measurements and ___43___ details with the help of the current homeowners.

The replica home and the amazing story behind it deserved a special ___44___. Emily arranged a surprise party at which the replica and Katherine would be ___45___. But keeping Katherine in the ___46___ was a painful task.

“Ray would ask me questions about the house,” Emily says of the planning ___47___. “I couldn?t remember everything ___48___ the last time I was inside was when I was a teenager.

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I would ___49___ Mother and start a conversation where I would say, …Oh, by the way, do you remember…? and ask her something about the house. She would give details from her memory about the ___50___ and the color. She would tell me ___51___ what something looked like or where it was in the house.”

On the very day, Emily went to ___52___ Katherine to her house. “When we went inside, I was just ___53___.” Katherine says. “There was a house load of people singing …Happy Birthday? to me.” Emily presented Katherine with the carefully ___54___ replica home.

“I just couldn?t believe it,” Katherine says. “I have ___55___ memories of that house. I have had several family dinners where we eat around it. I now turn on the tiny lights within it. It?s so pretty.” For Katherine, it turned out that it is possible to go home again.

36. A. access B. decorate C. build D. own

37. A. keen B. soft C. dependent D. hard

38. A. generally B. sometimes C. frequently D. never

39. A. primary B. temporary C. current D. permanent

40. A. overcame B. struck C. failed D. amazed

41. A. appearance B. pattern C. outline D. form

42. A. basis B. preference C. talent D. hunger

43. A. composed B. compiled C. committed D. compared

44. A. mention B. analysis C. research D. inspection

45. A. congratulated B. appreciated C. exhibited D. honored

46. A. back B. shadows C. clouds D. dark

47. A. expectation B. process C. advance D. destination

48. A. because B. till C. as if D. so that

49. A. visit with B. stick with C. deal with D. hold with

50. A. management B. equipment C. arrangement D. measurement

51. A. briefly B. partly C. thoroughly D. vaguely

52. A. fetch B. join C. welcome D. receive

53. A. embarrassed B. shocked C. inspired D. confused

54. A. sorted B. wrapped C. folded D. restored

55. A. recent B. distant C. fond D. selective

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Inspired by the USA’s recent solar eclipse(日蚀)? These equally impressive events and activities will inspire your desire for a visit.

Witness a desert superbloom

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Occasionally, the normally dry Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, and Chihuahuan Desert will burst into a carpet of yellow, purple, and pink flowers in spring. This is a surperbloom, and it happens if there’s significant rainfall between September and November. There’s one wildflower bloom every 5.3 years on average, and a superbloom on average once every 11.2 years.

WHERE TO GO: Death Valley National Park, California, the USA

WHEN TO GO: February—March

Watching rockets launching

Every launch is very impressive and exciting because you don’t know what will happen until the last moment. You hear the fire and fury for several minutes—seeing a launch in person is a billion times better than watching on TV. The current hot ticket, though, is going to watch a SpaceX reusable rocket launch, then land back at Cape Canaveral.

WHERE TO GO: Wallops Fights Facility, Virginia or Kennedy Space Center, Florida BEST TIME TO GO: Check https://www.wendangku.net/doc/841461365.html, or https://www.wendangku.net/doc/841461365.html,

Enjoy a never-ending lightning storm

Think lighting never strikes twice? The odds are more generous over the mouth of the Catatumbo River at Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, which hosts lighting storms for up to 297 nights a year, thanks to its unique geographical location. “Watching the Catatumbo lightning is an experience you will get nowhere else,” says Jonas Piontek, a German photographer who has travelled there twice to capture the storms. “You are basically isolated from everyone no network, no Internet, no real civilization around. It’s just you and nature, and one of the best shows on Earth.”

WHERE TO GO: Catatumbo Camp, Venezuela

WHEN TO GO: October—November

56. what causes a superbloom to happen in the desert?

A. Steady rainfall in a year.

B. Occasionally rainfall in winter.

C. Heavy rainfall in spring.

D. Abnormal rainfall in autumn.

57. If you want to escape from reality, you can go to ______.

A. Mojave Desert

B. Wallops Flight Faacilities

C. Catatumbo Camp

D. Death Valley National Park

B

If every public interaction were filmed, would the world be a better place? Common sense suggests it would, and to some extent, we already live in such a world, with closed-circuit television cameras everywhere and smart phones in every pocket.

However, the routine filming of everyday life is about to go to

the next level. A number of countries are rolling out body cams for

police officers and other public-facing agencies such as school.

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Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as an insurance against aggressive drivers. As camera technology gets smaller and cheaper, it isn?t hard to foresee a future where we?re all filming everything all the time, in every direction. Would that be a good thing?

The available evidence suggests that it discourages behavior such as police brutality. Another upside is that it would be harder to get away with crimes or to escape blame for accidents. But a world on camera could have subtle negative effects. The flood of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would no doubt be willing to upload and store our body-cam data for free, probably with the assistance of machine learning algorithms(算法)---but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice? Body-cam data could also create a legal mine field. Disputes over the validity and interpretation of police footage(执法镜头)have already surfaced. Eventually, events not caught on camera could be treated as if they didn?t happen, like a tree falling in the forest. Alternatively, footage could be faked or doctored to escape blame or incriminate others.

Of course, there?s always the argument that if you?re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear. But most people have done something embarrassing, or even illegal, that they regret and would prefer hadn?t been caught on film. People already inspect their social media feeds---or avoid doing anything inadequate in public---for fear of damaging their reputation. Would widespread application of body cams have a further frightening effect on our freedom? The always-on-camera world could even threaten some of the natures that make us human. We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behavior, they oil the wheels of our social interactions. Once people assume they are being filmed, they are likely to shut up. We are nowhere near that point yet where everyone will feel they need one as an insurance policy, but we should think hard about whether we really want to say lights, body cam, action.

58.What is the benefit of filming to average people?

A.Promoting the widespread use of smart phones in public.

B.Fighting crimes or bad behavior by providing solid evidence.

C.Guaranteeing cyclists and pedestrians more safety on roads.

D.Encouraging better performance of the police and teaching staff.

59.In the author?s view, the data flooding into tech giants is fairly ______.

A. comforting

B. puzzling

C. worrying

D. satisfying

60. Certain undesirable behavior is important because if ______.

A. functions as an insurance policy

B. warns us not to be caught on film

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C. prevents inadequate social behavior

D. motivates human daily communication

C

A so-called “smart drug” intended to improve cognitive（认知的）performance also seems to protect the brain from altitude sickness.

Even more people are visiting high-altitude sites for work, sport, religious pilgrimages and military can lead to cognitive effects, including memory loss and attention difficulties.

The re?s little you can do to prevent these symptoms other than acclimatize—but this takes time and doesn?t always work. A drug called oxiracetam might be the answer.

ShengLi Hu at the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China and her colleagues studied the performance of male military personnel at altitude. All lived in towns around 1800 meters above sea level. During the study, they spent eight days at this altitude and then climbed for three days to reach 4000 meters, where they stayed for up to a month.

Twenty participants took oxriacetam three times a day for the first 15 days of the study, while another 20 received no intervention. The man did tests of attention and memory at the start and end of the study and 20 days in, by which time they had been at 4000 meters for nine days.

While all the participants experienced a drop in cognitive ability at 4000 meters, those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller decline than the control group.

Blood flow measurements indicated that at high altit ude, parts of the brain?s cerebral circulatory system contracted and dilated（扩张）in a way that promoted blood flow to the brain stem. This isn?t surprising, since the brain stem plays a critical role in the maintenance of basic vital signs.

The team also found that the brain stem received blood at the expense of areas responsible for more advanced cognitive functions. But in people who took oxiracetam, more arteries dilated, so blood flow throughout the brain rose. This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems liked with low oxygen.

It isn?t yet known whether diverting blood in this way could have negative effects in the long run.

“The results are striking and imply that oxiracetam may be beneficial for helping to relieve cognitive deficits c aused by altitude,” says Timothy Hales at the University of Dundee, UK.

Oxiracetam is not licensed for medical use globally, but it is known to be a mild stimulant, says Hales. “Coca leaves have been used by native Andeans for centuries to overcome altitude sickness and this is attributed to their modest cocaine content. So perhaps it is not surprising that benefit can be derived from another, though mild, stimulant.”

61. The underlined word “acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A. adapt

B. interact

C. exist

D. object

62.What does the experiment done in China reveal?

A. The higher altitude you are at, the slower your brain will be.

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B.At 4000 meters, the two subject groups show no difference.

C.Memory tests are beneficial to relieving attention difficulties.

D.“Smart drug” largely counters negative effects of altitude sickness.

63.According to the passage, the root cause of the cognitive effects lies in ______.

A. physical tiredness

B. low oxygen content

C. cognitive training

D. extreme high altitude

64. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Fight high anxiety

B. Oxiacetam—a magic drug

C. Keep sharp at altitude

D. Problems on high-altitude sites

D

If you read The Fault in our stars only to find a young adult romance of Hazel Grace and Augustus Waters, then you definitely underestimate the power of sophisticated symbolism, emotions, and literature John Green offers. I remember someone saying “Youdon’tread a great book; it reads you.”The fault in our stars is one of those books. It givesyou the concept of what cancers are like, of how children in particular fight them, reveals and reminds you of your first love in life, always the youngest and the most innocent.

I will resist my urge to tell you the plot and spoil the whole story, but I promise you every single page here is worth a great deal of excitement, humor and a bunch of other stuff listed down here which I think are interesting.

The book gives lives to where we find deaths. The joy of living comes in when terminal cancer is nothing more than just, “a side effect of dying”, when you can laugh in the misfortunes of disease and say “ I?m on a rollercoaster that only goes up, my friend.” Thefault in our stars, however, stars withHaze l?s “depression”like many of us starts a new day.Thus, Hazel?s mother wants her cancer-stricken daughter to have a life, putting her in the Support Group. Later on, Issac and Augustus give her hope and something to believe in. The friendship tied by the shared intellectual curiosity and dreams. The story is so carefully plotted that even though Hazel doesn?t go to school like other kids, her life is so in touch with ours. Everyone in a while will feel as if everything goes wrong, that it sucks at being what it?s supposed to be. Bad grades, getting dumped, or even having a terminal disease. “The pain demands to be felt.” But after all, how long should it take us to give sufferings a break is subject to be viewed personally, since it would determine whether or not we become a type of Peter Van Houten, Hazel?s favorite writer in the novel.

John Green also cares about your dreams and ambitions. As you read through chapters, especially toward the end, you will find out Hazel and Augustus have widely different ideas of what they think is a “good life.” Here I find a reflection of my soul in Augustus?s, with all

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his desire to leave a mark on the world. Such a guy he is seeking for glories and meanings of life, fearing most oblivion. Others may find themselves, in contrast, caring not about recognition. They are like Hazel Grace, seeing heroism as an act of noticing and loving and sharing. Both ideas are beautiful and proofed to be fearless to be together despite any mental or physical challenges lying on their way to the pursuit of happiness.

__①__ “Apparently, the world is not a wish-granting factory.” The book embraces the restless, innocent desires of young minds. __②__ Would you care for a trip to Amsterdam

when you?re at the 4th stage of cancer to find out what happens after the end of your favorite book? Would you dare to love the dying, to be okay to love when you?re dying, or to forgive

yourself for hurting those who love you in case you die? __③_ In the book, you will find John G reen mentions about how “some infinities are greater than other infinities,” which means, I think, infinities can be defined, expanded and shrunk. _④__ Infinities are created

by taking chances, and if we fail while doing so, then the fault is simply in out stars, not ourselves.

Funny, romantic, unputdownable and profound, The fault in our stars is definitely one of the best young adult fiction books in the century. It may touch the readers in many different ways. In here some will find humor, some will find encouragement, and some will find a book as a bond for a new love story. But if you insist that you only want to read a good love story in The fault of in our stars,that?s fine too. It?s an excellent book that reminds us of those who are important.

65.The underlined part in Paragraph 1 implies ______

A.readers? views tend to vary on the same book

B.readers choose books based on their tastes

C.books are created to cater to different needs

D.books can reflect readers? life

66.According to John Green, what is the basis for the friendship between Hazel and Augustus?

A.Dreaming of the same good life.

B.Suffering from the common disease.

C.Being curious and enterprising in life.

D.Being attracted to each other for uniqueness.

67.The author believes that he is somewhat like ______

A. Hazel

B. Issac

C. Augustus

D. Peter Van Houten

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68. Where does the sentence “We can all learn a lot from how Hazel and Augustus take chances and make the best out of them.” belong?

A. ①

B. ②

C. ③

D. ④

69. What is to blame if we fail to create infinities?

A. Our luck.

B. Our desire

C. Our ability.

D. Our identity.

70.Who is the book The fault in our stars mainly intended for?

A.Patients with terminal diseases.

B.Kids wishing for a bright future.

C.Adults recalling their golden days.

D.Teenagers with some life experience.

第四部分任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。

Everything we do involves risk. In our professional lives, trying to avoid risk is itself a risk: work too cautiously, and we risk missing the chance to grow and shine, and our careers may suffer for it.

We cannot avoid risk yet we often avoid thinking about it. That is a shame, because if we think strategically about risk, we can use it to increase our chances of coming through difficult situations with our goals intact. Rather than pretending risk doesn?t exist, why not learn to manage it to our own benefit?

The first step: Acknowledge the risks your projects face. Start by writing a list of the things that can go wrong. That may sound gloomy, but it?s essential. Your list need to be very thorough, and probably never can be. But try to identify common risks-like the departure of a key colleague for a new job or the failure of a new technique upon which your project depends. The types of risks you identify will depend on the specifics of your work.

Once you have a list of risks, evaluate each one in two scales:

●

Likelihood. Force yourself to honestly assess how likely each risk is.

●

Impact. Then think about how much damage could occur under each situation.

Now it?s time to draft a second, more-detailed list. Go back through your initial list and consider how you might make each potential negative outcome less likely to occur, and also how you might minimize the damage to your project if one does happen. In project-management term, this step is known as risk mitigation. A mitigation is anything that makes a risk less likely to spoil your overall goal.

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Once you have drafted your list of mitigations, the final step is to go down that list and think about which ones are “worth it”. Look at all the information you?ve gathered about your risks and mitigations, and make a call about what it makes sense to do. You probably have more intuition in this area than you realize, because most of us instinctively do risk-mitigation calculations in the nonwork areas of our lives. For instance, every time you decide whether or not to buy a guarantee on a new electronic toy, you?re doing this calculation in your head.

You have probably been intuitively doing some sort of risk analysis in your work life, too. Moving to a more explicit analysis (but one that is more qualitative than quantitative-unless you like to play with num bers) can encourage you to acknowledge when you?re making overly optimistic assumptions. And this gives you a better chance to make plans that will withstand the failure of at least a couple of those assumptions.

Bringing your risk analysis out from the field of intuition can also help you overcome a tendency to overly ignore risk. It is easier to go ahead and take a big risk when you know that you have mitigations in place and a backup plan if things go wrong.

Thinking about risk can be a big scary, but really, ignoring risk is the riskiest behavior of all.

Don’t Avoid Risk -Manage It

Passage outline

Supporting details

●

Risk is 71. __________ whatever we do.

Introduction

●

Risk is beneficial to us if we cope with it in a 72.

__________ way.

●

Admit the risks and make a list of 73. __________ errors.

While evaluating them, make 74. __________ for likelihood and impact.

●

Consider how to avoid the negative outcome to the greatest Steps to manage risks 75. __________ and prevent your project from being 76. __________ should it happen.

●

Take advantage of your intuition to decide which risks 77.

__________ your effort by analyzing all the available

information.

78. __________ of risk 79. __________ are that you will make more realistic

assumptions. Meanwhile, a backup plan will be made for you to analysis

80. __________ up to failure.

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第五部分书面表达（满分25分）

81.请认真阅读下面有关公告图书馆的文字及相关图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。

Libraries have always been at the heart of the communities they serve. They are accessible and safe spaces，providing access to huge resources of information and knowledge. Libraries have played an important role in helping generations of immigrants，young people， job seekers and readers to learn，stay connected and get ahead in life. Offering access to books，newspaper and，later，computers，they opened up a world of knowledge and ideas for millions of people. The public library transcends national and cultural boundarie — no matter where you are in the world，they are an essential part of creating and maintaining an educated and literate population.

But today，public libraries are at a turning point. The way we access and consume information has changed dramatically in the 21st century，and this presents major challenges and opportunities for public library systems across the world.

The advent of new technologies has changed some of our reading habits. But our need for shared，community-centred spaces to find information and connect with others is unlikely to change anytime soon.

9 15000

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0 少儿青年中年老年

2014 2015 2016 2017

【写作内容】

1．用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；

2．结合上述信息，简要分析公共图书馆仍受欢迎的主要原因；

3．就公共图书馆如何与时俱进，应对新挑战提出你的建议（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3．不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

2018 届南京市、盐城市高三一模英语试

卷全卷精解点评

2018.01.18

第一部分听力（略）

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

21. They all sat together at table, laughing and ______ stories after many years? separation.

A. circulating

B. swapping

C. spreading

D. plotting

【答案】B

【解析】此题考查动词辨析。分析句意：“他们都坐在桌子旁，有说有笑地______分开多年各自的故事”。circulate是（使）循环、流通、流传；swap交换、用……替换；spread传播、展开、伸开；plot 密谋、暗中策划、以图表画出。根据句意选swap交换，“交换故事”，根据句意引申为“讲述故事”。

句意：他们都坐在桌子旁，有说有笑地讲述着分开多年各自的故事。

【点评】本题难度适中。掌握动词的意思即可解出题目。

22. The movie Coco wraps two ______ themes --- pursuing dreams, and how we remember loved ones --- in a colorful, culturally specific package.

A. contemporary

B. religious

C. historical

D. universal

【答案】D

【解析】此题考查形容词辨析。分析各个选项的意思：contemporary当代的、现代的；religious宗教的、虔诚的；historical历史的、历史上的；universal普遍的、一般的、通用的、宇宙的。由“pursuing dreams, and how we remember loved ones”可知 universal 符合题意，即普遍存在的主题。句意：电影《寻梦环游记》在色彩斑斓的文化包裹下，囊括了两个普遍存在的主题——追寻梦想与如何记住至亲至爱。

【点评】本题难度较低，需要区分各个形容词的意义。

23. --- Father always instructs me to do kind acts and bring more joy into the world around us.

--- That?s great. Small ______ can often create huge blessings.

A. gestures

B. impacts

C. schemes

D. concepts

2018年高三数学模拟试题理科

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