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论英语计算机考试

论英语计算机考试
论英语计算机考试

论英语计算机考试

(中南大学商学院,湖南省长沙)

(一).摘要:

多媒体设备及计算机在英语教学与测评中的重要性已经在语言学界越来越得到共识。随着由现代教育技术搭建的网络教育平台日趋完善,现代教学、测评新理念已经逐步应用于网络教学中并得到广泛扩展,这种趋势提高了网络教学理论研究及英语考试模式改革与实践的迫切性。计算机英语考试以一种新颖的考试模式正开始尝试于很多高校之中,它作为一种相对于传统考试模式有很多特色的教学测评方式正受到教育界及学生的研究与关注。本文从英语网络教学、测评模式的发展,计算机英语考试的利弊和对此提出的建议等方面对计算机英语教学及考试做出初步探究。

(二).关键词:

机考,改革

(三).前言:

信息高速公路因特网(Internet)问世以来,越来越受到世人的关注,它以其传输速度快,信息量大改变着世界各地人们生活、学习、工作的方式,从而成为最具发展潜力的公众媒体。在教育界,网络的应用能极大地拓展教育的时空界限,改善教与学的关系,极有成效地提高了学习的兴趣,效率和能动性,为教学改革指明方向。网上英语平台可以方便地调用丰富的教学资源、文章写作、阅读理解、听力训练等声音、视频、文字素材,学员可以在网上做模拟试题(并且立刻就可以知道正误),下载课程,交流学习心得以及欣赏名著等。在深化教学改革,提高素质教育的今天,计算机英语考试的实验与探索对促进外语教改有着深远并且现实的指导意义。

(四).正文:

计算机英语学习和考试的实施推广能充分利用网络的灵活性,针对性,适时性和自主性,这是传统考试方式所不具备的。传统的外语教学,教师无论如何兼顾学生中的大多数,也无法针对学生中的个体兴趣,水平的差异在教学实施上做得面面俱到,满足所有学生的要求。“无师化”教学、考试模式是通过利用网上声像俱备的电子多媒体资源,在教师的督促辅导下实现无教师自学与测评的一种网络环境,这种多媒体资源是针对所学教材,具备所有教师授课的文字、声像,而且讲解细致周全,测评公平、灵活。传统的英语考评方式过多的重视对学生语法、

阅读、写作等方面的考查,而忽略了英语学习的全面性,导致很多学生为了“应考”而把自己的英语学习偏向理论化,这种弊端贯穿渗透从小学到大学各个阶段的英语学习。给英语教育教学带来很大的资源浪费与目标偏离。利用计算机网络的全面丰富性与灵活性,学生在平时能够除了学习书本的内容以外,还可以读到文字优美意义深刻的文章、时事新闻;可以欣赏到影视的精彩片段,特别推荐的英文歌曲、诗歌等,满足了英语学习者的个人兴趣,陶冶了情操,了解了外国的风土人情。全方位感官的对英语讯息的接受能够提高学生对英语的接受力,并且从平时学习中养成英语学习“理论向实践”过渡的过程,摆脱学生为了应付考试而与语言应用脱节的学习模式,能让他们充分地学以致用。而英语计算机考试模式正是适应这种全新教学模式而产生的一种新型的教学测评方法。这是英语教育界的改革中的重要且意义深远的一步。

英语计算机考试从听、说、读、写等多方位来测评学生英语的综合能力,充分的把多媒体资源加以应用。从语言习得角度看,语言习得理论表明,学生要熟练掌握言语能力,就必须把学生放在特定的,与之相应的言语交际环境中通过言语实践来实现(孔凡成,2004:64)。现在各大高校都以具备完善的多媒体教育设备,但它们的应用率根据有关调查小组的研究并不乐观。大部分高校投资建设高档的多媒体语言实验室等多媒体设备及网络设施只是一种教学规模、教学资源的“摆设”。通过英语考评方式的改革,能够促进各大高校务实教学精神的增强,充分将教学资源惠及学生,并且让学生真正能够从考评中了解自己的成绩并给老师一个真实、客观的认识。进一步的说,利用计算机进行考试可以为将来英语教改以及其他学科的网上教学、考试的实施铺平道路,积累经验,奠定硬件基础。

英语上机口语考试可以改变学生传统的英语学习观念,注重培养学生学习英语的积极主动性,通过人机对话的形式来考察学生的英语口语水平,由于是通过录音来对考生水平作出评判,所以就避免了考生形象气质等带来的影响,使结果更加具有科学性。另外听录音和直接听考生的声音效果肯定会存在一定差别,这就在一定程度上促使考生更加主动的来提高自己的口语发音的标准性。

英语上机考试改革的好处还在于促进了教学观念的根本性变革,自主学习理念的应用有效地克服了传统教学中的种种弊端,提高了学习者的认知能力、分析和解决问题的能力,使大学生的素质教育和创新教育落到实处,也为网络教学奠定了基础。计算机网络技术为课题研究模式、问题解决模式、探究学习模式、情境学习模式、概念转变学习模式和社会文化模式提供了良好的技术支持。基于多媒体与网络的大学英语教学软件具有跨越空间进行实时或非实时交互的特点,为学生个性化学习和大量的声像语言互动练习提供了机会(王守仁, 2004: 6) 。可以说,英语计算机考试的改革能够以较少的阻力和很好的技术条件得到推广应用。

社会的发展变革日新月异,其对考试形式所提出的要求,也是日新月异的,但我

们考试的人为改革却不具备随时性,从而在这里就形成了考试形式的稳定性与暂时性社会要求的矛盾,这便是计算机考试弊端产生的根源。具体而言,英语计算机考试主要表现在以下几个方面。

弊端一:德与才在考试中的偏重问题

原始社会的考试雏形,就正有一个德与才的标准问题,即现在所谓的“德才兼备即为人才”的人才观。

英语计算机化的考试虽可能成为未来教育和智力测试所采取的主要手段,广泛应用于许多学校的各项测评。但有批评人士却怀疑这种考试是否能称得上是一种优秀的评估测试方式,它是否只是一种让考试者成为擅于填写A、B、C、D 的机器?与此同时,我们是否想过,格式化的东西充斥着我们的大脑时,哪里还有个人品德发展的余地?

教育者不得不反思,现行的考试方式是否遗忘了先人的祖训。

弊端二:与根深蒂固的考试形式的冲突

计算机化考试与传统的笔试不同,考生不能对某个题目的答案进行反复考虑和修改,它只能让考生进行一次选择,考题的难度也是由浅到深或者由深到浅。因此,许多考生对计算机化考试也很不适应。

一位大学助理研究员在自己进行GRE模拟测试时,每部分都可以达到600到700分的高分,但在参加真正的计算机化GRE考试后,却得到了她无法相信的300分,而她在后来的GRE笔试中,却得到了690分的高分。目前这种现象在中国已是屡见不鲜,传统的思维方式已在人们心中根深蒂固。

在美国,有几种考试(包括GRE和GMAT考试)只能在计算机上进行,而医学院入学考试和法学院入学考试只提供传统的笔试方式。每年有200多万人参加的SAT大学入学考试目前也采用笔试。可见,采用先进技术也要因人而异,因地制宜。

弊端三:带来焦虑

考试是焦虑首要的制造者。这是因为有许多事情由它们决定。在我们的社会里,考试是成功和失败的标志。你的整个未来可能就在决定命运的那一天定下来了。它不管你那天感觉不好,或者家里发生了什么悲剧。这些小事是不重要的:考试继续进行。于是我们从小时候就被训练如何宠辱不惊,如何将个人感情抛在考场之外。

机考题量大,随机抽题和组卷,这就造成了考题的不确定性。往往考试时试卷试题抽取量不到复习资料中试题的10%,而其余试题,却从未给出任何复习内容。大多考生面对海量的试题和飞逝的时间,焦虑就自然而来。当这种焦虑形成习惯,便构成了性格的缺陷。

弊端四:影响健康

由于高科技含量的日益增加,可以说,在教学领域里计算机的功能(拟人化或拟物化)更加全面而完善。以前很难实现的教学效果(如教学示范,场景呈现,超量信息传输,模拟互动等)现在都能通过计算机得以完美实现(陈坚林,2005:10)。但是专家说,电脑能导致20多种疾病,包括肥胖、腰肌劳损、腰间盘突出、颈椎病、弱视、痔疮、静脉曲张、骨质疏松……时间过久会出现性格异常,如孤独、怪僻,对周围发生的事情漠不关心,人际关系不正常,甚至导致人格异常。

然而,为了应对英语计算机考试,学生们不得不投入大量时间坐在电脑前。这种不健康的生活方式已发展成为普遍现象。谁有思索过考试、健康,哪个更重

要。

我们可能会惊叹各个学科领域取得的进步,但肯定不会对测试一个人知识和能力的方法称道。经过这么多年,教育家们仍旧没能设计出任何比考试更有效更可靠的方法,计算机考试一样没能跳出这个怪圈。

随着网络一步步涉入人们生活和工作的各个领域,我们英语教学与考试也逐步引入了计算机。对于英语机考的利弊我们应该认真权衡,针对机考的弊端提出解决策略。就考生适应新的考试模式而言,对于听力部分:笔试同机考不完全一样,笔试可以事先看到所有的问题,然后再听,而机考必须听完所有内容才能看见题目。所以机考的T友在复习真题时就要按照机考的路子来复习,做每一题时,要先认真地听,听完再看问题,再选择[医学教育网整理发布]。还有就是机考加大了难度,有双选题和排序题,听的时候必须注意细节才能答好,光听懂大概意思不行,这就要求平时练习的时候,多注意听细节的东西。但机考听力的好处是时间比较充裕,各题所用时间可以自己调节。

至于考试的焦虑,这种现象在笔试和机试中都存在的比较普遍。考生应多进行操练,以适应这种新型的考试模式。在平时生活中,考生应注重自己心理素质的培养,这样考试时随机抽到自己没有复习到或是不熟悉的内容就会那么慌乱,自然能消除内心的焦虑。

不可否认,电脑对人身体健康确实是有影响的。但是我们的机考又是建立在使用电脑之上。因此,在适应机考,网上学习时,还要注意保护自己。不可长时间坐在电脑前这就要求考生努力提高学习能力和学习效率,在最短的时间内完成学习任务。在进行网络学习时,要高度集中注意力,要有自制能力,切记不可边聊天或是边听音乐学习。否则,这种体制的改革将导致整个教育机制的停滞不前,严重影响教学质量。

(五).结束语:

考试模式的改革是一个系统工程,关系到教育系统的方方面面,如果仅仅就考试模式本身进行改革,相关的系统原封不动,改革必然失败,所以,确立新的教学目标,改革传统的教学模式是推进考试方法的改革,完善考试制度与评价体系的关键和保证。因此,考试模式的改革应该是一个循序渐进的多样化的不断实践和不断完善的过程。

参考文献

[ 1 ] Lyons, J. Semantics[M ]. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1977.

[ 2 ] 孔凡成. 语境教学观的理论基础研究[ J ]. 教育评论,2004, (4).

[ 3 ] 陈坚林. 从辅助走向主导———计算机外语教学发展的新趋势[ J ]. 外

语电化教学, 2005, (4).

[ 4 ] 王守仁. 解读《大学英语课程教学要求》[ J ]. 中国大学教学, 2004, (2).

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