中考三大复合句的讲解

定语从句

一. 定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状

语。

1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

What’s the name of the youn g man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where I was born.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

I’ve read the ne wspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

四. 关系代词whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句

之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom 与which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语

从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room

which we had lived in for ten years.

五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.

(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：

He was the second (person) that told me the secret.

(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book (that) I have read this year.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.

2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：

(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.

(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.

【中考范例】

1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)

---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词

又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

2. (2004年常州市中考试题)

The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. that

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定

语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。

3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)

---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom

B. who

C. whose

D. which

【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词

又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)

I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose

B. whom

C. which

D. who

【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词

又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。

宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句，中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、语序和时态。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。

He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。

Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.

你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。

Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？

你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？

1) 以that引导的宾语从句：

that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，

that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。

Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。

I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用if。

①接带to的动词不定式。

She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。

②与or not连用时。

I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。

3) 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：

此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：

Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门？

He didn’t tell me how long he would stay he re. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。

注意：1）语序：由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。

Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →

Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？

Did you get home very late? He asked me. →

He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。

2）时态对应：如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：

My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）

我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。

My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）

我的老师说他正在看电视。

My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）

我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。

如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：

My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）

我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。（过去完成时）

My father said the he had already seen the movie.

我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。

如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）

我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。

3) 否定转移：主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般

要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：

I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute. 我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟。

I don’t believe he did this, did he? 我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？

状语从句

【分类】

时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc.

地点状语从句where,wherever

原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc.

目的状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc.

结果状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.

条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.

让步状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.

比较状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc.

方式状语从句as, as if, as though, etc.

【定义】

用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。

1. 时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：

It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前

不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：

The young man read till the light went out.

Let’s wait until the rain stops.

We won’t start until Bob comes.

Don’t get off until the bus stops.

2. 条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：

I’ll help you with your Engl ish if am free tomorrow.

He won’t be late unless he is ill.

(3)“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句” 相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。

例如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

3. 原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原

因状语从居多放在句首。例如：

------Why aren’t going there?

------Because I don’t want to.

As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4. 结果状语从句

(1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如：

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.

(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）

+ that + 从句”。例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.

Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或

an。例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

5. 比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级+ than…等连词引导。例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.

This classroom is as big as that one.

6. 目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。

区别这两种从句的办法有两个：

1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。

2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

7. 让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：

Though he is young, he knows a lot.

Although I am tired, I must go on working.

(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：

我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.

应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.

8. 地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：

Go where you like.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

初中英语复合句

初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)

复合句专项练习带答案

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Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛 还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如 何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: (1) It + be + 名词+ that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词+ that从句 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词+ that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用 的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

高考英语复合句知识点专项训练解析附答案(4)

高考英语复合句知识点专项训练解析附答案(4) 一、选择题 1．Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man". A．that B．which C．who D．不填 2．The anti-epidemic fight is like a time-limited race _______ all medical care personnel make every effort to people's lives. A．that B．when C．which D．where 3．There is a common belief among the students in our school _____ they should make great efforts to learn and reach the peak of their academic performances. A．which B．that C．whether D．if 4．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ________ uses it somewhat differently. A．which B．what C．them D．those 5．Once _______ in the forest, we should remain ________ we are and wait for help. A．losing; there B．losing; where C．lost; there D．lost; where 6．One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help. A．after B．while C．since D．when 7．I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything. A．that B．when C．where D．why 8．__________ is no possibility __________ Bob can win the first prize in the match . A．There ; whether B．There ; that C．It ; whether D．It ; that 9．It won't be long _our summer vacation begins, but my vacation plans are still up in the air. A．when B．until C．that D．before 10．He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake___________he went to Hangzhou. A．at the first time B．the first time C．for the first time D．at the first time when 11．______would like to devote his whole life to his country should go______there are all kinds of difficulties. A．Who;some B．Whoever;where C．Whatever; anywhere D．Who;there 12．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 13．One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands _______ we often risked going and got more fish than others A．which B．when C．in which D．where 14．_________I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for. A．The place B．The week C．The day D．The instant

复合句讲解

什么是复合句： 从句子结构上来说，句子有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句有一个主语或多个主语和一个谓语；一个主语和多个谓语。并列句是由并列连词连接的两个或多个简单句。复合句指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句都属于复合句。 一、状语从句： 状语从句Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的等状语从句。 I. 时间状语从句 时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。 例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be careful. 2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework. 3) Wait until you are called. 4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met. 5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven. You can use my house as long as you are careful. He is so terrible once he is drunk. I listen to the radio while I walk every evening. II. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever, anywhere等。 例如：1) Put it where you found it. 2) Sit down wherever you like. 3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too. III. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since, in case等。 1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food. 2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman. 3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else. I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我将带上雨衣，以防下雨。 IV. 条件状语从句 条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。 1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. You'll be late, unless you hurry. 3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么？ 4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party. 5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。